ZC1型高强回弹仪说明书

ZC1型高强回弹仪说明书 ZC1型 高强砼回弹仪 使用说明书 回弹法检测高强混凝土抗压强度技术 规程 煤矿测量规程下载煤矿测量规程下载配电网检修规程下载地籍调查规程pdf稳定性研究规程下载 (DBJ24-24-03)编制单位 中国土木工程学会砼及预应力 砼学会砼质量委员会会员单位 山东省乐陵市回弹仪厂制造 urban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-15 3,000 short car 20-50 10-20 wide bus 6,000-9,000 1-2 40-60 0.25-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-30,000 in long-distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource consumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States second-busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highway 目 录 一、概述 二、回弹仪的结构 三、回弹仪主要技术要求及指标 四、术语、符号 五、回弹仪的操作、保养及校验 六、检测技术及回弹值测量与计算 七、测强曲线 八、混凝土强度的计算 九、附录A、附录B 十、 回弹法检测高强混凝土抗压强度技术规程(条文说明) -,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 402 一、概 述 混凝土回弹仪是用一弹簧驱动弹击锤并通过弹击杆弹击混凝土表面所产生的瞬时弹性变形的恢复力，使弹击锤带动指针弹回并指示弹回的距离。以回弹值(弹回的距离与冲击前弹击锤与弹击杆的距离之比按百分之比计算)，作为混凝土抗压强度相关的指标之一，来推定混凝土的抗压强度的一种仪器。 用于检测现场混凝土结构或构件的ZC3-A中型回弹仪，在我国应用多年，技术成熟并有相应的技术标准(中华人民共和国行业标准《回弹法检测砼抗压强度技术规程》(JG/T23-92)及回弹仪检定标准(国家计量检定规程《砼回弹仪》(JJG817-93)) 随着我国经济建设的发展，建设工程中高层建筑日益增多，随之采用的高强混凝土也愈来愈多，使用回弹仪检测现场高标号砼强度的要求愈加迫切。为此我厂在原ZC3-A型砼回弹仪基础上，通过多年试验改进，已研制出ZC1型高强砼回弹仪，用于检测砼抗压强度为60-80mPa范围内的砼结构或构件。 -2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.253 二、回弹仪的结构 图1示出(ZC1)型回弹仪在弹击后的纵向剖面结构示意图。 图1 回弹仪构造和主要零件名称 ,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-4 三、回弹仪主要技术要求及指标 3.1 技术要求 3.1.1 测定回弹值的仪器，必须采用能量为5.5J的回弹仪，其弹击锤冲击长度为100mm，弹击杆前端球面半径为18 mm。回弹仪必须具有制造厂的合格证及检定单位的检定合格证，并应在回弹仪的明显位置上具有下列标志:名称、型号、制造厂名(或商标)、出厂编号、出厂日期等。 3.1.2 回弹仪必须符合下列标准状态的要求: 1、水平弹击时，弹击锤脱钩的瞬间，回弹仪的标准能量应为5.5J; 2、弹击锤与弹击杆碰撞的瞬间，弹击拉簧应处于自由状态，此时弹击锤起跳点应相应于指针指示刻度尺上“0”处; 3、在洛氏硬度HRC为60?2的钢砧上，回弹仪的率定值应为83?2。 3.1.3 回弹仪使用时的环境温度应为(-4~ +40)?。 3.2 技术指标 1、标准能量 5.5J 2、弹击拉簧冲击长度 100mm g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-5 3、弹击拉簧刚度 1100N/m 4、钢砧率定值 83?2 5、弹击杆冲击球面半径 SR18mm 6、仪器质量 1.28kg 7、规 格 ф54×350mm 四、术语、符号 4.1 术语 4.1.1 测区 test area 检测构件混凝土抗压强度时的一个检测单元。 4.1.2 测点 test point 在测区内进行检测的点。 4.1.3 测区混凝土强度换算值 conversion value of concrete compressive strength of test area 由测区的平均回弹值通过测强曲线计算得到的该检测单 元的现龄期混凝土抗压强度值。 4.2 符号 ,——第i个测点的回弹值。 i ,——测区或试件的平均回弹值。 m 30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-6 cƒ——测区混凝土强度换算值。 cu,h,i c m——测区混凝土强度换算值的平均值。 fcu,h cƒ——构件中最小的测区混凝土强度换算值。 cu,h,min c s——同批构件测区混凝土强度换算值的标准差。 fcu,h ƒ——构件混凝土强度推定值。 cu,h,,e η——测区混凝土强度换算值的修正系数。 五、回弹仪的操作、校验及保养 5.1 操作 5.1.1 将弹击杆顶住混凝土的表面，轻压仪器，使按钮 松开，放松压力时弹击杆伸出，挂钩挂上弹击锤。 5.1.2 使仪器的轴线始终垂直于混凝土的表面并缓慢 均匀施压，待弹击锤脱钩冲击弹击杆后，弹击锤回弹带动指针向后移动至某一位置时，指针块上的示值刻线在刻度尺上示出一定数值即为回弹值。 5.1.3 使仪器继续顶住混凝土表面进行读数并记录回弹值。如条件不利于读数，可按下按钮，锁住机芯，将仪器移至它处读数。 -0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon7 5.1.4 逐渐对仪器减压，使弹击杆自仪器内伸出，待下 一次使用。 5.2 校验 5.2.1 回弹仪具有下列情况之一时应送检定单位检定: 1 新回弹仪启用前; 2 超过检定有效期限(有效期为一年); 3 累计弹击次数超过5000次; 4 经常规保养后钢砧率定值不合格; 5 遭受严重撞击或其他损害。 5.2.2 回弹仪在工程检测前后，应在钢砧上作率定试验，钢砧应稳固地平放在刚度大的物体上，回弹仪率定试验宜在干燥、室温为(5~35)?的条件下进行。率定时，取连续向下弹击三次的稳定回弹平均值，且弹击杆分4个方向旋转，每次旋转90?。每旋转一次的率定平均值均应为83?2。 5.2.3 检测时，回弹仪的轴线应始终垂直于构件的混凝土检测面，缓慢施压，准确读数，快速复位。 5.3 保养 5.3.1 回弹仪使用完毕后应及时进行维护，清除回弹仪外壳及弹击杆的污垢尘土。然后将弹击杆压入机壳内，经弹击后 30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-8 锁住机芯，装入仪器箱，平放在干燥阴凉处。 5.3.2 回弹仪具有下列情况之一时必须进行保养: 1 累计弹击次数超过1000次; 2 对检测值有怀疑时; 3 在钢砧上的率定值不合格。 5.3.3 回弹仪保养应按下列步骤进行: 1 使弹击锤脱钩后取出机芯，然后卸下弹击杆，取出杆内的缓冲压簧，并取出弹击锤、弹击拉簧和拉簧座; 2 对机芯各零部件应进行擦试，重点擦拭中心导杆、弹击锤和弹击杆的内孔和冲击面。擦试后应在中心导杆上薄薄涂抹钟表油，其他零部件均不得抹油; 3 清理机壳内壁，卸下刻度尺，并应检查指针，其摩擦力应为(0.5~0.7)N; 4 不得旋转尾盖上已定位紧固的调零螺丝; 5 不得自制或更换零部件; 6 保养后应按本说明书第5.2.2条的要求进行率定试验。 0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-9 六、检测技术及回弹值测量与计算 6.1 一般规定 6.1.1 凡使用回弹仪进行工程检测的人员，应通过主管部门认可的专业培训，并持有相应的资格证书。 6.1.2 在现场作业时，应遵守现行安全技术和劳动保护的有关规定。 6.1.3 构件混凝土强度检测宜具有下列资料: 1 工程名称及 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 、 施工 文明施工目标施工进度表下载283施工进度表下载施工现场晴雨表下载施工日志模板免费下载 、监理、监督和建设单位名称; 2 构件名称、外型尺寸、数量及混凝土强度等级; 3 水泥品种、强度等级、安定性试验、厂名;砂、石种类、粒径;外加剂及掺合料品种、掺量;混凝土配合比等; 4 施工时材料计量情况，模板、浇筑、养护情况及成型日期等; 5 必要的设计图纸和施工记录; 6 检测原因。 6.1.4 构件混凝土强度可采用单个检测或批量检测两种方式。 6.1.5 当按批量检测时，符合下列条件的构件才可作为同批 -2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.2510 构件: 1 混凝土强度等级相同; 2 混凝土原材料、配合比、成型工艺、养护条件及龄期基本相同; 3 构件种类相同。 6.1.6 按批检测的构件，抽检数量不得少于同批构件总数的30%且构件数量不得少于10件。抽检构件时，应随机抽取并使所选构件具有代表性。 6.1.7 测区的数量及布置应符合下列规定: 1 每一构件的测区数不应少于10个; 2 相邻两测区的间距应控制在2m以内，测区离构件端部或施工缝的距离不宜大于0.5m且不宜小于0.2m，测区的面 2积不宜小于0.09m; 3 测区必须选在使回弹仪处于水平方向检测混凝土浇筑侧面。测区可选在构件的两个对称可测面上，也可选在一个可测面上，且应均匀分布。在构件的重要部位及薄弱部位必须布置测区，且应避开预埋件; 4 检测面应为混凝土原浆面，并应清洁、平整，不应有疏松层、浮浆、油垢、涂层以及蜂窝、麻面，必要时可清除 0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-11 疏松层和杂物，且不应有残留的粉末或碎屑; 5 对弹击时产生颤动的薄壁、小型构件应进行固定。 6 构件的测区应有编号，必要时应描述测区布置示意图及外观质量情况。 6.2 回弹值测量与计算 6.2.1 回弹测点宜在测区范围内均匀分布，相邻两测点的净距不宜小于20mm;测点不应在气孔或外露石子上，同一测点只应弹击一次。每一测区应记取16个回弹值，每一测点的回弹值读数估读至1。 6.2.2 计算测区平均回弹值，应从该测区的16个回弹值中剔除3个最大值和3个最小值，余下的10个回弹值应按下列公式计算: 式中 Rm——测区平均回弹值，精确至0.1; R——第i个测点的回弹值。 i 0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-12 七、测强曲线 7.0.1 符合下列条件的混凝土应遵照本说明书附录A的规定进行测区混凝土强度换算: 1 混凝土采用的材料，应符合现行国家有关标准; 2 掺加泵送剂或高效减水剂及超细掺合料、一级粉煤灰; 3 采用普通成型工艺; 4 自然养护且混凝土表层为干燥状态; 5 龄期为14~400d。 7.0.2 当检测条件与测强曲线的适用条件有较大差异时，测区混凝土强度值不得直接按本说明书附录A换算，但可制定专用测强曲线或通过钻芯法、同条件试件进行修正，同条件试件或钻取芯样数量不应少于6个。计算时，测区混凝土强度换算值应乘以修正系数。 修正系数应按下式公式计算: η= fi/fcu,cu,h,i(7.0.3-1)或 η= fi/f cor,cu,h,i(7.0.3-2) 30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g13 式中 η——修正系数，精确到0.01; ƒ——第i个同条件混凝土立方体试件(边长为 cu,,i 150mm)的抗压强度值，精确到0.1MPa; ƒ——第i个混凝土芯样试件的抗压强度值，精确cor,i 到0.1MPa; c ƒ——对应于第i个试件或芯样部位回弹值的混cu,h,i 凝土强度换算值,可按本说明书附录A采用; n——试件数。 7.0.3 专用测强曲线的强度误差值应符合下列规定: 1 平均相对误差(δ)不应大于?8.0%; 2 相对标准差(er)不应大于10.0%。 八、混凝土强度的计算 8.0.1 构件第i个测区混凝土强度换算值，可按本说明 书第6.2.2条所求的平均回弹值(R)遵照附录A的规定查 m 表得出。 8.0.2 构件的测区混凝土强度平均值及标准差可根据各测 区的混凝土强度换算值计算。平均值及标准差应按下列公式 计算: -20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 1914 c 式中 m——构件测区混凝土强度换算值的平均值(MPa) ƒ cu,h 精确至0.1 MPa; n——对于单个检测的构件，取一个构件的测区数;对 批量检测的构件，取被抽检构件测区数之和; c s——构件测区混凝土强度换算值的标准差(MPa) ƒcu,h 精确至0.1 MPa; 8.0.3 构件的混凝土强度推定值(ƒ)应按下列公式确定: cu,h,e 1 单个构件和按批量检测时，均应按下列公式计算: cc f=mf-1.645sf(8.0.3-1) cu,n,ecu,ncu,h 2 当该构件的测区强度值中出现小于60.1MPa时: ƒ<60.1MPa (8.0.3-2) cu,h,e 3 当该构件的测区强度值中出现大于90.0MPa时: c ƒ= ƒ (8.0.3-3) cu,h,e cu,h,min c式中 ƒ——构件中最小的测区混凝土强度换算值。 cu,h,min 注 构件的混凝土强度推定值是指相应于强度换算值总体分布中保证率不低于95%的构件中的混凝土抗压强度值。 8.0.4 对按批量检测的构件，当该批构件混凝土强度标准差 c s > 6.0MPa时，则该批构件应全部按单个构件检测。 cu,hƒ 9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-15 九、附录A、附录B 附录A 测区混凝土强度换算值 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i34.9 60.1 36.3 62.0 35.0 60.2 36.4 62.1 35.1 60.3 36.5 62.2 35.2 60.5 36.6 62.4 35.3 60.6 36.7 62.5 35.4 60.7 36.8 62.6 35.5 60.9 36.9 62.8 35.6 61.0 37.0 62.9 35.7 61.1 37.1 63.0 35.8 61.3 37.2 63.2 35.9 61.4 37.3 63.3 36.0 61.6 37.4 63.4 36.1 61.7 37.5 63.6 36.2 61.8 37.6 63.7 0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-16 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i37.7 63.9 39.3 66.0 37.8 64.0 39.4 66.2 37.9 64.1 39.5 66.3 38.0 64.3 39.6 66.4 38.1 64.4 39.7 66.6 38.2 64.5 39.8 66.7 38.3 64.7 39.9 66.8 38.4 64.8 40.0 67.0 38.5 64.9 40.1 67.1 38.6 65.1 40.2 67.2 38.7 65.2 40.3 67.4 38.8 65.3 40.4 67.5 38.9 65.4 40.5 67.6 39.0 65.6 40.6 67.8 39.1 65.8 40.7 67.9 39.2 65.9 40.8 68.0 30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g17 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i40.9 68.2 42.5 70.3 41.0 68.3 42.6 70.4 41.1 68.4 42.7 70.5 41.2 68.6 42.8 70.7 41.3 68.7 42.9 70.8 41.4 68.8 43.0 70.9 41.5 69.0 43.1 71.1 41.6 69.1 43.2 71.2 41.7 69.2 43.3 71.3 41.8 69.3 43.4 71.4 41.9 69.5 43.5 71.6 42.0 69.6 43.6 71.7 42.1 69.7 43.7 71.9 42.2 69.9 43.8 72.0 42.3 70.0 43.9 72.1 42.4 70.1 44.0 72.2 -0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long18 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i44.1 72.4 45.7 74.5 44.2 72.5 45.8 74.6 44.3 72.6 45.9 74.7 44.4 72.8 46.0 74.9 44.5 72.9 46.1 75.0 44.6 73.0 46.2 75.1 44.7 73.2 46.3 75.2 44.8 73.3 46.4 75.4 44.9 73.4 46.5 75.5 45.0 73.6 46.6 75.6 45.1 73.7 46.7 75.8 45.2 73.8 46.8 75.9 45.3 73.9 46.9 76.0 45.4 74.1 47.0 76.1 45.5 74.2 47.1 76.3 45.6 74.3 47.2 76.4 30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g19 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i47.3 76.5 49.0 78.7 47.4 76.7 49.1 78.9 47.5 76.8 49.2 79.0 47.6 76.9 49.3 79.1 47.7 77.0 49.4 79.2 47.8 77.2 49.5 79.4 47.9 77.3 49.6 79.5 48.0 77.4 49.7 79.6 48.1 77.6 49.8 79.7 48.2 77.7 49.9 79.9 48.3 77.8 50.0 80.0 48.4 78.0 50.1 80.1 48.5 78.1 50.2 80.2 48.6 78.2 50.3 80.4 48.7 78.3 50.4 80.5 48.8 78.5 50.5 80.6 48.9 78.6 50.6 80.8 30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-20 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i50.7 80.9 52.4 83.0 50.8 81.0 52.5 83.2 50.9 81.1 52.6 83.3 51.0 81.3 52.7 83.4 51.1 81.4 52.8 83.6 51.2 81.5 52.9 83.7 51.3 81.6 53.0 83.8 51.4 81.8 53.1 83.9 51.5 81.9 53.2 84.1 51.6 82.0 53.3 84.2 51.7 82.2 53.4 84.3 51.8 82.3 53.5 84.4 51.9 82.4 53.6 84.6 52.0 82.5 53.7 84.7 52.1 82.7 53.8 84.8 52.2 82.8 53.9 84.9 52.3 82.9 54.0 85.1 g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-21 平均 测区混凝土 平均 测区混凝土 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) 回弹值 强度换算值(MPa) ccR ƒ R ƒ mcu,h,imcu,h,i54.1 85.2 56.1 87.7 54.2 85.3 56.2 87.8 54.3 85.4 56.3 87.9 54.4 85.6 56.4 88.1 54.5 85.7 56.5 88.2 54.6 85.8 56.6 88.3 54.7 85.9 56.7 88.4 54.8 86.1 56.8 88.6 54.9 86.2 56.9 88.7 55.0 86.3 57.0 88.8 55.1 86.4 57.1 88.9 55.2 86.6 57.2 89.1 55.3 86.7 57.3 89.2 55.4 86.8 57.4 89.3 55.5 86.9 57.5 89.4 55.6 87.1 57.6 89.6 55.7 87.2 57.7 89.7 55.8 87.3 57.8 89.8 55.9 87.4 57.9 90.0 56.0 87.6 -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource 22 附录B 回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度报告 编号( )第 号 第 页共 页 混凝土生产单位_______________ 委 托 单 位_____________ 输 送 方 式________________设 计 单 位_____________ 监 理 单 位________________监 督 单 位_____________ 工 程 名 称________________构 件 名 称_____________ 施 工 日 期________________检 测 原 因_____________ 检 测 环 境________________检 测 依 据_____________ 回弹仪生产厂_______________回弹仪编号____________ 检 测 日 期________________回弹仪检定证号____________ 检 测 结 果 混凝土抗压强度换算值(MPa) 构 件 现龄期混凝土 备 注 名称 编号 平均值 标准差 强度推定值(Mpa) (有需要说明的问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 或表格不够请续页) 批准:______审核:______ 主检______上岗证书号_______主检_______上岗证书号____ 出具报告日期_____年_____月_____日 单位公章______ -2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.2523 十、回弹法检测高强 混凝土抗压强度技术规程 (1)总则 1.0.1 中华人民共和国行业标准《回弹法检测普通混凝土抗压强度技术规程》(JGJ/T23-2001)，只适用于标准能量为2.2J的回弹仪检测构件强度为10~60MPa区段的混凝土的检测，随着高层建筑的日益增多，使得高强混凝土的应用亦日益增多。经试验研究发现原2.2J回弹仪的能量太小，无法适应高强混凝土的检测。一旦现场出现质量事故，无可靠 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 解决。自1996年以来通过大量的实验，终于研制成功既适合现场使用又能满足测强曲线精度要求的大能量(5.5J)回弹仪，在此基础上，通过大量混凝土试件与回弹仪的试验，找到了精度较好的测强公式，从而较好地解决了使用大能量回弹仪检测现场高强混凝土的问题。 由于回弹仪的标准状态是直接影响检测结果准确与否的关键，同时现场构件检测时尚有许多具体检测内容例如测区数量、布置、构件强度推定等需要规定统一的方法，因此为保证检测精度有必要制定规程。 关于“高强混凝土”，中华人民共和国行业标准《普通混凝土配合比设计规程》(JGJ55-2000)条文说明第2.1.8条指出“在CEB-FIP模式规范中明确定义高强混凝土为”具有特征强度高于50MPa的混凝土。这个定义用的标准试件为 ф150mm×300mm园柱体，如果换算成以边长150mm的立方体 30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-24 试件为基准，它相当于特征强度高于60MPa的混凝土，本规程将C60及以上强度等级的混凝土定义为高强混凝土。本规程检测的现场构件混凝土强度虽然不能归为某一强度等级，但从上述条文说明可以将抗压强度为60MPa及以上强度视为高强混凝土。 1.0.2 由于回弹法是通过回弹仪检测混凝土表面硬度从而 推算出混凝土强度的方法，因此不适用于表层与内部质量有明显差异或内部存在缺陷的混凝土构件的检测。当混凝土表面遭受了严重的火灾、冻伤、化学腐蚀或内部有缺陷时，就不能直接采用回弹法检测。 1.0.3 在正常情况下，混凝土强度的检验与评定应按现行 国家标准《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》(GB50204)及《混凝土强度检验评定标准》(GBJ107)执行。不允许因为有了本规程而不按上述《规范》、《标准》制作规定数量的试件供常规检验之用。但是，当出现标准养护试件或同条件试件数量不足或未按规定制作试件时;当所制作的标准试件或同条件试件与所成型的构件在材料用量、配合比、水灰比等方面有较大差异，已不能代表构件的混凝土质量时;当标准试件或同条件试件的试压结果，不符合现行标准、规范规定的对构件的强度合格要求，并且对该结果持有怀疑时。总之，当对结构中构件混凝土实际强度有检测要求时，可按本规程进行检测，检测结果可作为处理混凝土质量的一个主要依据。 1.0.4 凡本规程涉及的其它有关方面，例如钻芯取样，高 空、深坑作业时的安全技术和劳动保护等，均应遵守相应的标准、规范或规程。 -60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,00025 (2)回弹仪 2.1 技术要求 2.1.1 大能量回弹仪的研制是解决检测高强混凝土的前提。研制大量回弹仪既要考虑其能量能满足检测精度的要求，又要考虑现场适用。若能量太小则不能反映高强混凝土的差别，若能量太大则现场操作困难失去了回弹仪的体积小、重量轻、方便灵活的特点。在研制高强回弹仪4、5年间里，先后研制了能量分别为4.5J、5.5J ，弹击杆前端球面半径分别为25mm、6.5mm、18mm、弹击锤冲击长度分别为75mm、100mm等各种组合状态下的大能量回弹仪，经过各种不同硬度的匀质砂浆试块、铝块、铜块、混凝土试件等大量对比试验，最终选取了本规程规定的能量为5.5J、弹击锤冲击长度为100 mm、弹击杆前端球面半径为18 mm的回弹仪。该型号回弹仪已申请了专利，专利号为ZL00247527.8。 2.1.2 回弹仪必须为标准状态方可使用，检定及调整回弹仪的标准状态需由检定单位按照检定方法进行。 1 水平弹击时，弹击锤脱钩的瞬间，回弹仪的标准能量E，即弹击拉簧恢复原始状态所作的功为: 22=5.5J ×1100×0.1E= KL = 式中 K——弹击拉簧的刚度(N/m); L——弹击拉簧工作时拉伸长度(m)。 2 弹击锤与弹击杆碰撞瞬间，弹击拉簧应处于自由状态，此时弹击锤起跳点应相应于刻度尺上的“0”处。要满足这两个要求，必须使弹击拉簧的工作长度为0.086m;弹击拉簧的 20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-26 冲击长度为0.10m。此时，弹击锤应相应于刻度尺上的“100”处脱钩，也即在“0”处起跳。 3 检验回弹仪的率定值是否符合83?2的作用是:检验回弹仪的标准能量是否为5.5J;回弹仪的测试性能是否稳定;机芯的滑动部分是否有污垢等。当钢砧率定值不到83?2范围内时，不允许旋转调零螺丝人为地使其达到83?2。 2.1.3 环境温度异常时，对回弹仪的性能有影响，故规定了其使用时的环境温度。 2.2 检验、率定及操作 2.2.1 为保证每台新回弹仪均为标准状态，因此新回弹仪在使用前必须检定。 回弹仪送检定单位检定的有限期限为一年或累计弹击5000次为限，这样规定比较符合我国情况。其中5000次的规定，是参照国内试验资料而定的，一般如不超过这一界限，正常质量的弹击拉簧不会产生显著的塑性变形而影响其工作性能。如果回弹仪使用较频繁，尽管未超过一年有效期，但若累计弹击超过5000次，必须检定回弹仪。 2.2.2 本条规定了回弹仪作率定时的试验条件。 2.2.3 检测时应注意回弹仪的轴线要始终垂直于混凝土检测面，并且缓慢施压不能冲击，否则回弹值读数不准确。 2.3 保养 2.3.1 回弹仪每次使用完毕后，应及时清除表面污垢。不用时，应将弹击杆压入仪器内，必须经弹击后方可按下按钮锁住机芯，如果未经弹击而锁住机芯，将使弹击拉簧在不工作时仍处于受拉状态，极易因疲劳而损坏。存放时回弹仪应平 -g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 4027 放在干燥阴凉处。如存放地点潮湿将会使仪器锈蚀。 2.3.2 本条主要规定了回弹仪常规保养的要求。 2.3.3 进行常规保养时，必须先使弹击锤脱钩后再取出机芯，否则会使弹击杆突然伸出造成伤害。取机芯时要将指针轴向上轻轻抽出，以免造成指针片折断。此外各零部件清洗完后，不能在指针轴上抹油。否则，使用中由于指针轴的污垢，将使指针磨擦力变化，直接影响了检测结果。 (3)检测技术 3.1 一般规定 3.1.1 本规程规定的方法，若不进行统一培训，则会对同一构件混凝土强度的推定结果存在着因人而异的混乱现象，因此本条规定凡从事本项检测的人员均应培训并持有相应的资格证书，且培训、宣贯应通过主管部门认可。 3.1.2 凡本规程涉及的其它有关方面，例如钻芯取样，高空、深坑作业时的安全技术和劳动保护等，均应遵守相应的标准、规范或规程。 3.1.3 本条例举的1~5项资料，是为了对被检测的构件有全面、系统的了解。此处对水泥安定性必须了解合格与否。如水泥安定性不合格则不能检测，如不能确切提供水泥安定性合格与否则应在检测报告上说明，以免产生由于后期混凝土强度因水泥安定性不合格而降低或丧失所引起的事故责任不清的问题。另外，混凝土成型日期也应了解清楚，这样可以推算出检测时构件混凝土的龄期。 3.1.4 由于回弹法测试具有快速、简便的特点，能在短期内进行较多数量的检测，以取得代表性较高的总体混凝土强度 60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-28 质量，故规定了单个及批量检测的两种方式。 3.1.5 本规程规定检测时只能水平方向检测混凝土浇筑侧面。而当测区处于非水平方向或浇筑表面、底面状况时，不能直接检测。因为非水平方向或浇筑表面、底面的修正值不同于行业标准(JGJ/T23-2001)的规定，且未作系统试验，因此在布置测区时应注意测试面必须使回弹仪处于水平方向检测混凝土浇筑侧面。 检测构件布置测区时，相邻两测区的间距及测区离构件端部或施工缝的距离应遵守本条规定。测区布置时，要选在构件两个对称的可测面上，但不强调一个测区要在构件的两相对检测面上布置基本对称的检测面。可以一个测区只布置在构件的一个检测面上。 检测时必须为混凝土原浆面，已经粉刷的需将粉刷层除净，注意不可误将砂浆粉刷层当作混凝土原浆面进行检测。如果养护不当混凝土表面会产生疏松层，尤其在气候干燥地区更应注意，应将疏松层清除后方可检测，否则会造成误判。 对于薄壁小型构件，如果约束力不够回弹时产生颤动，会造成回弹能量损失，使检测结果偏低。因此必须加以可靠支撑使之有足够的约束力方可检测。 在记录纸上描述区在构件上的位置和外观质量(例如有无裂缝)，目的是备推定和分析处理构件混凝土强度时参考。 3.2 回弹值测量与计算 3.2.1 本条规定每一测区记取16点回弹值,它不包含弹击隐藏在薄薄一层水泥浆下的气孔或石子上的数值,这两种数值与该测区的正常回弹值偏差很大,很好判断。同一测点只允 -60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,00029 许弹击一次，若重复弹击则后者回弹值高于前者，这是因为经弹击后该局部位置较密实，再弹击时吸收的能量较小从而使回弹值偏高，这种作法不允许存在。 3.2.2 本条规定的测区平均回弹值计算方法同行业标准(JGJ/T23-2001)。曾分别将每测区弹击10点，不舍弃大、小值，取其10点平均值;弹击14点，弃2大、2小值后取余下10点平均值及弹击16点弃3大、3小值后取余下10点平均值，作一统计计算，它们的离散系数分别是:0.097、0.064、0.047，以16点弃3大、3小值后取余下10点平均值为最好。 (4)测强曲线 4.0.1 测强曲线是通过在全省有代表性地区制作的边长为100mm的立方体试件按统一规定方法进行养护和置放，分别在不同龄期用标准状态的回弹仪进行试验后，统计计算而和出的。该公式计算后又经验证符合测强曲线的误差要求。100mm立方体试件的抗压强度折算成边长为150mm标准试件的抗压强度的折算系数按照中国工程建设标准化协会标准《高强混凝土结构技术规程》CECS104:99中的有关规定取用。 由于我省陕北地区无高强建筑且条件限制，故本次试件主要由下述地区及单位提供: 关中地区:西北电建四公司，长安县质监站，西安新意达建筑制品有限公司; 陕南地区:安康铁路分局工程质量监督站检测中心; 宝鸡地区:宝鸡市质监站，宝鸡县质监站，西铁分局宝 -50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,00030 鸡建筑段。 试验中未发现有混凝土碳化现象，故本测强公式为一元方程。 该测强公式属经验公式，适用范围均应在试验时所包含的内容以内(如原材料、外加剂、掺合料、龄期、强度等等)，不得外推。因此本条对该公式的适用范围作了具体规定，超出范围的可以采用制作专用测强公式，取芯或同条件试件等方法，不能擅自延长或扩大使用范围，否则，不能保证检测精度。 4.0.2 当检测条件与测强曲线的适用条件有较大差异时， 例如龄期、湿度、成型工艺的差异;有的地区在混凝土表面涂养护剂，以致造成混凝土内外差异等等，可以采用同条件试件或钻取混凝土芯样进行修正，试件数量应不少于6个。因为芯样强度离散性较大，数量太少的话代表性不够，但由于取芯工作量大，又不宜在构件上取过多数量以致影响其结构安全性，因此规定数量不少于6个。需要指出的是，此处每一个芯样表面均需有构件混凝土原浆面，以便读取回弹值后再制作芯样试件。 不可以将较长芯样沿长度方向截取为几个芯样来计算修正系数。芯样的钻取、加工、计算可参照《钻芯法检测混凝土强度技术规程》执行。 4.0.3 本条明确指出了专用测强曲线的误差值。 (5)混凝土强度的计算 5.0.1 构件的每一测区的混凝土强度换算值由每一测区的平均回弹值按测强曲线查出。 5.0.2 此处应注意计算测区混凝土强度平均值及标准差时， -60 0.25-2 40-9,000 1-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-fic characteristics table 5.1r trafof urban passenger transport capacity, transportation speed and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passengeopolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs of urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes g metrciency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic structure, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growintraffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and high effiurban entional public transit; Block highwayde in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For those who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than convfer moives of the Washington Metro system boils down to the following three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station trans3 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectannual passenger volume reached 22busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes for 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net -0,000, is a United States political center. For the Washington Metro system United States secondof 60 e to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has incomparable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a populationolve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Especially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the routconsumption and environmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to s60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-g30,000 in lon-0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,00031 不要用手工计算，可采用带有方差统计运算功能的计算器或其它计算工具计算。 5.0.3 当单个构件测区数不少于10个及按批量检测时，其强度保证率为95%。一般情况下，构件由于制作、养护等方面原因，其强度值要低于同条件试件强度值。本规程定义强度推定值为构件本身的强度值，而实际应用时，多数错误的将该值直接与标准养护150mm立方体试件强度对比，造成回弹法检测的强度值偏低的印象。这里除了前述原因外，尚有不同保证率的差异。因此工程建设单位、施工单位、设计单位、监督、监理单位应注意这一差别，在处理混凝土质量问题时予以考虑。 5.0.4 当测区间的标准差过大时，说明已有某些偶然因素起作用，例如构件不是同一强度等级，龄期差异较大等，不属于同一母体，因此不能按批进行推定。 在综合考虑了国家标准《混凝土强度检验评定标准》(GBJ107-87)附录三“混凝土生产质量水平”附表3.1中的规定:当生产质量水平差，混凝土强度等级不低于C20，集中搅拌混凝土的施工现场条件下的混凝土的强度标准差>5.5MPa;及行业标准(JGJ/T23-2001)7.0.4条规定:“当 c该批构件混凝土强度平均值不小于25 MPa时:s>5.5MPa”cu ƒ的情况和高强混凝土的强度值较高等因素，提出标准差大于6.0MPa为不能按批进行推定的界限。 -0.5 from the Metro light rail of 10,000-60 0.25-2 40-,000 19-20 wide bus 6,000-50 10-15 3,000 short car 20-2 traffic volume (human/h) transport speed (km/people) Road area occupied (M2/people) scope bike 2,000 10-d and resource consumption, and so on. Comparison of urban passenger traffic characteristics table 5.1spee urban traffic. The following table is a rail transport and other modes of urban passenger transport capacity, transportation cture, is the contradiction between supply and demand of the growing metropolis, cities, effective means to meet the needs ofh efficiency, become an indispensable part of urban traffic struurban traffic structure in the urban public transport system, rail traffic with a fast, large capacity, low pollution and higse who will not or cannot drive the person with a better option than conventional public transit; Block highwayowing three points: by driving onto the tracks at the station transfer mode in order to alleviate traffic congestion; For thofoll to 2009 vehicle trip down 12.7%, bus travel has increased by 12%. Objectives of the Washington Metro system boils down to thefor 5, station 86, total 171.6km, net annual passenger volume reached 223 million people. According to statistics, from 2000 busiest subway, second only to the New York subway, opened in 1976. Current rail sizes-Washington Metro system United States secondarable advantages. Washington, DC, area of 177km2, and a population of 600,000, is a United States political center. For the incomppecially in urban population strength enormous traffic demand on the route to ease traffic pressure, rail transportation has onmental pollution, rail transport is undoubtedly an effective means to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities. Esconsumption and envir60 do not occupy an area both in terms of transport over long distances, transport efficiency, or from the level of resource -distance line 3 More than 0,000 40-30,000 in long32