20091110021509241新型纺织纤维及其产品开发(上)（New textile fiber and its product development (on)）

20091110021509241新型纺织纤维及其产品开发(上)（New textile fiber and its product development (on)） 20091110021509241新型纺织纤维及其产品开发(上)(New textile fiber and its product development (on)) This article is contributed by bright0000 The ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt document may not have a good browsing experience at the WAP end. It is recommended that you choose TXT, or download the source file to the native view. New textile fiber and its product development (on) Reporter: reporter: Yang jianzhong Professor, professor, doctor Main contents of the report: The development status of new type of textile fiber The performance of the new type of textile fiber product development of new textile fiber fabric of the development trend of new type of textile fiber fabric development trend of the development of new textile fiber fabric Classification of new fibers Profiled fibers Triangle (3 leaf, T) fiber polygonal (five-star, five leaf, hexagon, type) fiber flat, ribbon (dog bone, bean) hollow fiber (circle, triangle, the plum blossom) tied for type, sheath-core fiber, sea island composite fiber multi-layer type, radiation type composite fiber Compound fiber differential fiber - fiber high - shrinkage fiber high - shrinkage fiber - absorbent fiber - absorbent fiber The polypropylene fiber is easily dyed polypropylene fiber with the acid dye of easy dyeing polyester fiber Classification of new fibers Hollow fiber is used for membrane separation Fiber - fiber - fiber - fiber - fiber - fiber - resistant fiber - resistant fiber Filter medium with fiber adsorption separation of electromagnetic shielding conductive fiber optical fiber, neutron absorption, noise isolation fiber heat resistant fiber flameproof luminescent fiber fiber biodegradable medical care Other fiber Fiber - resistant fiber - resistant fiber - resistant fiber Classification of new fibers Fiber high fibrillar fiber - fiber fiber - fiber PVA Fiber fiber - - - fiber Differentiated fibers Differential fiber refers to physical or chemical modification on the basis of the original fiber, which gives it a certain degree of improvement in performance. The physical modification of fiber polymer materials is generally used to change the properties of the fibers. 2) chemical modification, by means of copolymerization, grafting or crosslinking, to obtain certain properties of the fibers. 3) process modification refers to the purpose of modification by improving the technological level and changing the production process and process of the fiber. The differential fiber can be divided into heteromorphic fibers, composite fibers, ultrafine fibers, easy dyeing fiber, high suction moisture absorption fiber, high shrinkage fiber, anti-static fiber 7 kinds. Profiled fibers Heteromorphic fibers refer to the cross-section of this chemical fiber as a special shape, rather than a circular or approximately circular shape like a normal chemical fiber. Profiled fiber has the following some features: fine style features excellent, good luster, soft, breathable and good, good pilling resistance and abrasion resistance, wrinkle resistance and good resistance to reel off raw silk from cocoons, good water imbibition is strong, dyeing. For example CoolDry fiber made by special process spinning abnormity fiber with special surface groove, the cross cross section and cross section area of fill rates between 60 ~ 80%, fiber 40 ~ 50% more than the product surface is circular cross section, and capillary effect, and high permeability. Add in the fleeciness of the yarn structure, make the air permeability greatly increase, can release the moisture of the skin quickly, and the outer layer cool air penetrates the lining. The cross section of the fiber provides the high efficient perspiration and dehumidification function, and the rapid transfer of sweat, the vigorous exercise can still keep the body dry. Composite fiber Composite fibers are also known as multicomponent fibers, conjugated fibers, composite fibers and heterogeneous fibers. It is a chemical fiber composed of two or more high polymers with different molecular weight and different properties. The composite fiber is divided into two categories: bicomponent fiber and multi-component fiber, which are mainly composed of bicomponent fibers. The two components can be divided into four types: juxtaposition type, leather heart type, sea island type and peel type according to the two components of the fiber. The most important feature of side-by-side composite fibers is the ability to produce similar wool, three-dimensional, and permanent self-curving. The three-dimensional shape of the winding has excellent winding and well performance, its products have loose loose appearance and made of soft and round, good elasticity and resilience, warmth retention property is strong, etc. It can be used in nonwoven fabric, such as cotton, pad, carpet base etc. The core type composite fiber makes use of the difference of the two components, resulting in shrinkage difference after stretching and heat treatment, resulting in the permanent three-dimensional self-curling of the fiber. It can also be used for special purpose fibers, such as conductive, high quality cord, hot bonding and three-dimensional self-curling fiber. Melting point bicomponent fiber cortex melting point ? ? core layer PE/PET, 130, 252 LPET/PET, 130, 252 LPET/PET, 180, 252 The sea island type composite fiber can be used solvent to dissolve the "sea" component and get ultrafine fiber; If the "island" component is dissolved, porous hollow fibers can be obtained. The products made of this fiber have a soft touch, high cleanliness, good breathability and good water absorption, and can be used for the processing of warm flocculation fillings and sticky legal nonwoven fabrics. In 1970, the Japanese company dongli company introduced the artificial suede fabric made from island fiber, which marked the beginning of industrialization of the sea island type composite ultrafine fiber. Subsequently, the Japanese emperor, cola and other companies, European Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries also developed island ultrafine fibers, imitation suede, imitation peach skin fabrics are popular all over the world. In the second half of 2002, as a large number of suede orders flooded into our country and the island fiber itself high added value and high profit, the domestic also raised an island fiber heat. Island fiber main used in the production of suede leather, super fine leather, clothing, shoes with market, high-grade decorative cloth, such as leather furniture, car seat cover, all kinds of bags, can also be used as a senior wiping cloth and leather base cloth. Superfine fiber Ultrafine fibers usually refer to the chemical fibers of a single filament less than 0.44 dtex (0.4 Dan). For example, the ultra fine nylon Tactel fiber produced by dupont is less than 1O mu m in diameter. The main feature of ultrafine fibers is that the fiber is small and the diameter is small, and the surface area of the fiber is significantly larger than the surface area. Therefore, superfine fiber itself and its formation of the product can show many unique properties: 1) soft and delicate 2) flexibility 3) soft luster 4) 5) Gao Qingjie ability and density structure of the fabric warmth retention property is strong 6) 7) high water and oil absorption due to greater specific surface area of superfine fiber, is a good indicator of activator such as enzymes, ion exchanger, can improve the efficiency of its activity, and can be used in permeable membrane and biomedical fields, artificial skin, etc.) (hematopoietic pipe. Ultrafine fiber cloth High shrinkage fibre High shrinkage fibers are synthetic fibers that are reduced in boiling water by 35% to 45%. Common high shrinkage fibers have high shrinkage polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic) and polyester fiber (dacron). In nonwoven fabrics, high shrinkage fibers are used to produce artificial fur, synthetic deerskin, synthetic leather and carpet. If the high shrinkage fiber HSF is treated by hot water, steam or hot air, it can produce special varieties with higher shrinkage rate than normal fiber. The contraction of a single fiber can be fully manifested by a step contraction treatment (hot water, hot wind, etc.). HSF can be mixed with other fibers to produce high density, softer needles or water spines without woven into leather. Before the contract After the contract Functional fibre Functional fiber mainly refers to the ability of energy, mass, information to store, transfer and transform energy, and have special functional fibers for biological, chemical, acoustic, light, electricity and magnetic fields. Functional fibers include: The conductive fibre ion exchange fiber heat transfer fiber insulating fiber insulating fiber (hollow fiber) flame retardant fiber medical care fiber water-soluble fiber Water-soluble fibre Water-soluble fiber is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, because its large molecular chain has many hydroxyl groups, so it has water solubility, and the fiber can be dissolved in water at a certain temperature. It is widely used in papermaking, medical non-woven fabrics, women's sanitary cotton, spinning high yarn, non-twist yarn, embroidering bottom cloth and so on. Using water soluble whalen fibers with spinning production high light thin wool fabric, does not need to emphasis on high quality wool, just in a certain proportion to join in the process of spinning whalen of water soluble fibers with spinning, both to the yarn cross section fibrous root number, and improve the spinning performance of the yarn. After the machine weaving, in the process of finishing the process of the removal of the vina, thus the lightweight, fluffy wool fabric, improve the grade of wool fabric. Its companion textile machinery is made of 10% 20% water soluble whalen wool top mixing and spinning with wool article, made from fabric, then remove soluble whalen in dyeing and finishing stage, can make the wool number increase by about 20%, resulting in high count wool fabric. Shaanxi province natural science research project of low-temperature water soluble fiber morphological structure properties and application research Scientific research project in shaanxi province department of education cold water soluble fiber properties and application of the low temperature water soluble fiber properties and the applications of the research Amicor antibacterial fiber Amicor is the antibacterial fiber produced by accordis in the UK, and the parent fiber is polyacrylonitrile. There are two types of Amicor antibacterial fiber: AB fiber (antibacterial fiber) and AF fiber (antifungal fiber). AB anti-bacterial fiber can effectively inhibit the reproduction of many bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhi, e. coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. AF antifungal fibers can effectively inhibit fungal reproduction. These surface antiseptic will move around it in the process of wearing the fabric, making the cloth produce a bacteriostatic ring. Antibacterial agent after dissolution to fiber surface, are formed from internal antibacterial particles (high concentration) to low (concentration) the surface of the fiber concentration gradient, the antibacterial agent spreading and added fiber surface. The antibacterial test data of pure Amicor fabrics Moisture absorption and perspiration fiber Textile products to achieve the moisture absorption perspiration function method can be adopted: (1) fiber cross section heteromorphosis: Y, cross, W and bone, increase the surface area, fiber surface more grooves, can improve the effect of transfer moisture; Hollow or porous fiber: use capillary action and increase surface area principle to spread the juice rapidly. Chemical modification of fiber surface: increase the hydrophilic group of fibrous surface (grafting or crosslinking method) to achieve the purpose of fast moisture absorption. Hydrophilic finishing: directly use hydrophilic auxiliaries in the process of printing and dyeing. (5) adopts multi-layer fabric structure: the hydrophilic fiber is used as the lining fabric, will generate the sweat of the human body absorb quickly, then through the outer fabric gap conduction sends out to the outside, cool and comfortable performance. Moisture absorption perspiration fibre are: xinguang synthetic fiber Cooltech, zte textile co., LTD. Product Coolplus plastic industrial co., LTD., South Asia Delight fiber, far eastern textile co., LTD. Of the moisture absorption perspiration fiber polyester Topcool, Japanese agms corporation production Technofine fiber (PET) W, dupont Coolmax fiber, etc. Coolmax fiber Coolmax fiber is developed by dupont, the patent technology of four channel (Tefra - Channe) fiber material, make the skin's largest space formed between fiber and fiber, we assure you of our best air permeability, moisture of the skin surface rapidly to the outer fiber. The pure cotton can absorb sweat and moisture, but the sweat ability is not high, while the normal chemical fiber is very poor in the ability to absorb sweat. Coolmax fiber is excellent in sweat and perspiration. Coolmax fiber can be used for shirts, trousers, socks, underwear, hats, and backpacks. Coolmax fiber air Coolmax fabric absorbs moisture and perspiration works Coolmax fiber features: 1. You can export the heat and moisture from your body to regulate the body temperature, which can have a thermal regulation effect to keep you cool. 2. Quick drying, the drying rate is 5 times of pure cotton. 3. Durable, easy to care, allow multiple washing, not shrinkage, deformation, not mildew. 4. It feels soft, comfortable and breathable, and does not bring about the discomfort of the skin. Coolmax fabrics are used in the event of large movement of momentum, which can accelerate the evaporation of skin surface. If applied to sports clothes, it can keep the skin dry and dry, reducing energy consumption to enhance the performance and endurance of the athletes. High suction moisture absorption fiber After physical deformation and chemical modification of hydrophobic synthetic fibers, high suction hygroscopic fiber is still able to retain more than 15 % moisture after soaking and centrifuging in water under certain conditions. In the condition of standard temperature and humidity, it can absorb the moisture of the gas phase, and the moisture regain is more than 6%, which is called high hygroscopic fiber. Such as Japan "cheka on high water absorbent fiber" Hygra ", the water absorption capacity for the weight of 3.5 times, it will have special network structure of water absorbing polymer package type shoe sheath of nylon core complex fiber, both water and water. The moisture absorption and moisture absorption of this fiber are superior to those of natural fibers, and the wetting speed is faster than that of moisture absorption. Suitable for making flocs, gaskets, medical sanitary materials and diapers, sanitary napkins, etc. T - 400 fiber The new type of elastic fiber t-400 is a new type of elastic fiber product developed by dupont, which is limited in the textile application of Lycra fiber. The t-400 does not belong to the spandex family, which is composed of polyester components with different shrinkage rates, forming a two-component polyester fiber. The t-400 provides a microelasma that contains t-400 clothing that not only fits the body but also feels comfortable, smart, and retains its shape after multiple wear. The clothing made of t-400 fiber is resistant to washing, with good ruler stability and no more than 3.3 per cent of shrinkage; No more than 2.5 per cent of the time. T - 400 fiber features are: low made of two different kinds of polyester composition bicomponent fiber automatic crimping, two components of different low shrinkage rate from the bobbin unwinding after crimp to stay curled up the fabric in dyeing and finishing of polyester fiber has better than the past elastic resilience, the relaxation phenomenon are avoided, and the product also has good protecting type and wrinkle resistance. It is mainly used to make light - quality fabric and heat - shaped fiber products. The experiment shows that the clothes made are more suitable for outdoor sports and are more suitable for machine washing than other similar products. Advantages of t-400 fiber: Resilience. Better than PBT, 3GT and other textured yarn. Easy care: washable, antipleated, and pleated. A smooth appearance. A soft touch. Inherent chemical stability. An elastic fiber compatible with dacron. Wash water. The dyeing effect is good. The tensile strength is high. The t-400 fiber is ideal for lightweight woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. High performance fiber High performance fiber is a high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant, difficult however and highlight the chemical stability of fiber, is developing rapidly in recent years, polymer fiber field of a kind of special fiber. Aromatic polyamide heterocyclic polymer organic high-performance fiber high performance ptfe fiber of high molecular weight polyethylene high molecular weight PVA, PAN fiber fiber fiber machine of high performance fibers High performance fiber High performance fiber is the chemical stability fiber with high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, refractory nature and outstanding chemical stability. It is a kind of special fiber that has developed rapidly in recent years. The carbon fiber Carbon fiber is lighter than aluminum, stronger than steel, thinner than human hair, and carbon content of more than 90% carbon. At present, the preparation method can be divided into two kinds: one is organic fiber precursor method and the other is the gas phase growth method. At present, industrial production mainly consists of the former method, which is made from organic fiber (raw silk) under certain tension and temperature, after some time of preoxidation and carbonization process. The picture shows the carbon fiber supercar Application of carbon fiber Carbon fiber is to adapt to the aerospace, aviation, atomic energy, such as the needs of the development of advanced industrial technology and research and development of a new material, with high tensile strength and tensile modulus, low density, high temperature resistance, erosion resistance, corrosion resistance, high conductivity and thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, good biological compatibility and self-lubricating composite performance, is the ideal ablation resistance, structural and functional composite materials, has become the development of a variety of high performance composite materials (ACM) is an indispensable raw material, the dream of the fourth generation of industrial raw materials are developed countries. High tech applications Superconducting fiber: human discovery of superconductivity in 1911, the current global "superconducting heat" strives to make use of it, which will bring many benefits to human production and life. So-called superconductivity, in turn, means (such as liquid nitrogen, - 196 ?, liquid helium, - 296 ?) under the condition of certain material resistance is zero, which means that when electricity will not fever by resistance exists, strong currents can be obtained. One of the many kinds of superconducting materials is the superconducting phenomenon produced by carbon fiber core. Superconducting materials are expected to be used in magnetic levitation trains, superconducting motors, ultra-power transmission, fusion reactors, and superconducting computer integrated circuits. The application of sports equipment Carbon fiber reinforced plastic is a new material for advanced sports equipment, which has been widely used, with badminton rackets, tennis rackets, fishing rods and golf clubs becoming the four major products. The application of carbon fiber composite (CFRP) in this field, besides its characteristics of light weight, high ratio strength and high ratio modulus, it also has special functions suitable for sports equipment. For example, fatigue resistance, absorption damping, weather resistance, and design of large degree of freedom. The application of the general industry Civil construction areas: carbon fiber with light weight, high strength, stiffness, corrosion resistance, fatigue strength and the electromagnetic wave permeability and so on, are widely used in the reinforcement of concrete, reinforcement, structure for repairing and reinforcing civilian industry fields such as pressure container, including compressed natural gas (CNG), firefighters used respirator and carbon fiber wrapped around the tank. Car: 2000 years later, the overseas each big car company for the development of the new century energy efficient and environmentally friendly cars, CFRP widely developed all kinds of auto parts, German BMW (BMW) developed CFRP car body panels and other components, large tow carbon fibers in ZOLTEK companies used PAN based carbon fiber, the goal is to produce the CFRP series car within five years. Offshore oil fields, wind power, electronics, etc Aromatic polyamide Aramid fibers called the "poly benzene 2 formyl para-phenylene diamine", English for Aramid fiber, is a new type of high-tech synthetic fiber, ultra-high strength, high modulus and high temperature resistant, acid and alkali resistance, light weight and other advantages Can, 5 ~ 6 times that of steel wire on its strength, modulus of steel wire or fiber glass 2 ~ 3 times, toughness is 2 times of wire, and weight is only about 1/5 of the steel wire, the temperature of 560 degrees, don't break, don't melt, is called "artificial wire". Began as early as in 1968 the United States dupont, the synthesis of aromatic polyamide resin and the fiber forming technology research, in 1972, dupont has realized the poly benzene 2 formyl para-phenylene diamine fiber industrialized production, called B fiber dimension, scale of 2000 tons/year, in 1973 changed to Kevlar fiber. Aramid has excellent mechanical properties, Tensile strength of 280 kg/was, modulus of 6480 kg/was (kevlar 29) and 13300 kg/was kevlar (49), elongation at break of 2.3 ~ 4.0%, the proportion of light (d = 1.44 m2 g/c), and high-temperature resistance (can be used in the world below 250 ?), aramid fiber is mainly used in equipment, including aircraft, rockets, missiles and space make use of the composite material, and also used in automobile, shipbuilding, body armor, skis, and should use aspects of complex aspects of composite material and cable, high temperature resistant filter material, etc. Aramid 1414 Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene With high strength and high modulus polyethylene fiber is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), based on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene as raw material, dissolved it in a special kind of solvents, again by the jet hole jet into thin shreds. In the process of dissolving, the large molecules that were previously entangled in disordered arrangement were gradually unwound and kept in the frozen collagens. In the subsequent fiber stretching process, polyethylene polymer reached the high degree of orientation and crystallinity, thus giving high strength and high modulus to the fiber. The proportion of UHMWPE was the youngest of all the high performance fiber (less than 1), is the only can float on the surface of the high performance fiber enough, also because of the high molecular weight, good main chain combination, orientation degree, high crystallinity and the intensity of the highest than (the ratio of strength and weight), namely strong degree under the same weight of 15 times that of steel wire rope, 40% higher than that of aramid fiber, was 10 times higher than the ordinary chemical fiber; Its modulus is 1000-l100g/d, second only to specialty carbon fiber and superior to aramid. The fiber is not only elongated, but also has a great capacity to absorb energy. Therefore, it has outstanding anti-impact and anti-cutting toughness. And the fibre does not contain chemicals that are susceptible to chemical agents, which can resist uv and chemical corrosion. Such outstanding performance makes it a third-generation high-performance special fiber after carbon fiber and aramid. UHMWPE is the most powerful fiber that has been industrialized, using "thin, paper-thin, hard like steel" to describe its superior performance quite simply. one