风光互补发电系统

风光互补发电系统 摘 要 二十世纪以来，随着人们生活条件的变化、人类社会的进步，煤、油等传统化石能源的日益减少，自然环境的日益恶化。越来越多的人开始着眼于环保科技，像风力发电，光伏发电等新能源技术都已广泛运用于人们日常生活当中。在现在欧美或将来中国广大农村的高级住宅区，风光互补发电必将普及。伴随着国内光伏厂商在国际上的挫败，以及国际市场的萎缩，国内广泛市场成了许多光伏企业的救命良药。但为了供电的可靠性势必会出现风光发电系统和市电相互配合的供电方式。随着生产成本的降低，这一供电方式也将出现在中低档住宅区甚至是偏远山区也将见到。由于东部地区人口密集、经济繁荣，但各类资源相对缺乏。所以光伏、风力互补的发电方式想要在东部站稳脚跟，就必须从农村地区开始，以一种“农村包围城市的姿态”求生存，谋发展。 本篇论文主要为南京农村某用户 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 了一款风光互补发电系统，系统主要是为该用家中的照明和空调系统提供电源。本篇论文对系统的太阳能电池、风力发电机、蓄电池等部件进行了选型设计。 关键词:太阳能;风能;农村;照明 ABSTRACT customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single Since the 20th century, with the changes in people's living conditions, the progress of human society, coal, oil and traditional fossil fuels dwindling, the natural environment is deteriorating. More and more people began to focus on environmental technology, such as wind power, solar power and other new energy technologies have been widely used in people's daily life. Exclusive residential area in Europe and America now or in the future China's vast rural areas, wind and solar power is bound to spread. With the domestic PV manufacturers defeat in the international arena, as well as shrinking international market, the domestic market has become widespread in many PV companies, life-saving medicine. But in order to supply reliable power system is bound to be beautiful and cooperating mains power supply. With lower production costs, the power supply will also appear in the middle and low residential areas and even in remote mountainous areas will also be seen. Due to the densely populated eastern region, economic prosperity, but the relative lack of various resources. So photovoltaic, wind power complementary way you want in the eastern stand firm, we must start from the rural areas, in a "gesture of encircling the cities" of survival, and development. This paper mainly rural Nanjing a user to design a wind and solar power generation system, the system is mainly used to provide power for home lighting and air conditioning systems. This paper on the system of solar cells, wind turbines, batteries and other components for the selection and design. Keywords: solar energy; wind energy; countryside; lighting 目 录 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文) 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 纸 摘 要................................................ 1 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................ 1 ? 1 绪论................................................ 4 ? ? 1.1 课 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 的研究背景及意义........................................ 4 ? 1.2 风、光互补发电技术的现状及发展方向.......................... 4 ? ? 1.3 项目研究的内容及特点........................................ 5 ? 2 风、光发电基本原理 ...................................................................... 6 ? ? 2.1 风力发电基本原理............................................ 6 ? ? 2.2 光伏发电原理................................................ 7 ? 2.3 光伏电池相关的两个重要量 .................................... 8? 装 3 风、光互补发电系统 .................................. 9 ? ? 3.1 系统总体设计思路与 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 ...................................... 9 ? ? 3.2 气象条件汇集............................................... 10 ? 3.3 负荷用电量预估............................................. 12 订 ? 3.4 风力及光伏发电量分配....................................... 13 ? 3.5 风光互补系统的特点......................................... 16 ? ? 3.6 系统内部其他部件........................................... 16 ? 线 3.7 系统并网设计............................................... 19 ? 4 系统维护与投资预算 ................................. 20 ? ? 4.1 控制器软件使用说明......................................... 20 ? ? 4.2 系统维护................................................... 23 ? 4.3 系统效益分析............................................... 24 ? ? 5 总结............................................... 25 ? ? 致 谢............................................... 26 ? ? 参考文献 ............................................. 27 ? customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 3 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 1 绪论 1.1课题的研究背景及意义 伴随着世界经济的发展，传统化石能源日益减少，传统的煤炭发电也引起了十分严重的环境问题。所以世界各国都在加紧新能源发电的研发与推广，光伏发电及风力发电技术也日益成熟 。由于国外市场的受挫，很多企业都转向国内市场，在西部也建立起许多电厂，但在东部人口密集地区很鲜见。所以在农村推广风光互补发电，不仅可以扩大内需，还可以改善东部地区日益严重的环境问题，对于消除雾霾也有一定的促进作用。更重要的是在国际市场不景气的大背景下，还可以助推国内光伏行业的复兴。 1.2风、光互补发电技术的现状及发展方向 如今，世界上新能源发电技术主要有太阳能光伏发电和风力发电。光伏发电利用“光电效应”将太阳能转换为直流电能再经过逆变及储能装置为交流负载供电。风力发电则是一种利用风力发电机直接将风能转化为交流电可直接供给交流负载用电的技术。不过目前光伏发电转换效率低、研发成本高，风力发电则是电量不稳定、以及土地利率用面积地下。风力发电技术就有像电能不稳定、受天气影响严重的不足之处。这些缺点在一定程度上限制了新能源风力、太阳能发电技术的发展。这使得风力、光伏发电只能由国家或少数大型企业在一些荒山、沙漠、滩涂建造电厂，再经过长距离输变电输送到用户家中。这不仅造成了浪费，还会对一些野生动植物栖息地造成破坏;在长距离输变电过程也在无形中增加了成本，还会导致电能的损耗，这使得本来效率就不高的太阳能光伏发电在供电上更显捉襟见肘了。我国光伏发电在轨迹市场上还严重受挫，所以必须大力在国内推广运用，但由于国内土地限制，这就得用到像农村地区的屋顶等。据不完全估计，在某些地方将住宅屋顶利用起来，用于光伏发电所产生电量够当地使用一年。所以太阳能发电技术发展前景和潜能还是巨大的。 随着电力电子技术、计算机技术、微电子技术、光电技术、风电技术的发展使得许多电气产品的价格大大降低、操作越来越便捷、安全性能更加可靠。尤其是更多性能优越、价格较低的光伏电池的出现使光伏发电成本越来越低。因此，未来更多光伏产品将出现在普通大众家庭。 在未来，像太阳能、风力发电技术还将广泛用于家庭供电、船舶供电、以至于最终有可能完全取代火力发电的供电方式。 如今高新技术飞速发展，尤其是在微电子技术、计算机技术、软件工程技术方面，已经达到高度发展的程度。另外伴随着人们生活水平的提高以及生活观念的转变，风、光发电技术将有以下发展趋势: (1)无电农村、生产用电: 在我国，许多许多偏远农村、山区由于受到地理环境的影响。国家供电网络无对其供电。但是往往这些欠发达地区又是风能和太阳能储存丰富的地区，就此，风光互customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 补发电技术解决当前地区供电问题有很大的潜能。 (2)室外照明: 如今世界上有许多电力都用于室外照明，如果这些电力全部来自于电网，于资源? 的浪费是极大的。所以风、光互补系统的节能性恰可以弥补这一缺点。 ? ? (3)航标上的应用: ? 在部分地区的航标上已经运用了光伏发电技术，但是由于天气因素的限制往往不? ? 能保证持续正常工作。在天气不良的情况下往往存在着大风，这时风力发电系统就能? 很好替代光伏发电为航标继续供电。 ? ? (4)监控摄像机电源的应用: ? 目前，许多地方摄像头通常都是24小时不间断运行，采用市电供电。虽然功率不? ? 高但数量特别多，也会造成巨大的浪费。因此，利用风、光互补发电系统为摄像机提? 供电源，不仅节能并且还有防盗功能。 装 (5)通信基站中的应用: ? ? 在某些偏远景区、海岛 。由于经济需求，要建立通讯基站，这些基站负荷功率。? 如果采用市电供电需要长距离架设输电电线，增加巨大投资成本。所以风、光互补发? ? 电系统就地供电就可以减少投资成本。 订 ? 1.3项目研究的内容及特点 ? ? 《南京市农村某用户风、光互补并网发电系统》是为南京市农村某用户设计的一? ? 款系统。主要研究的课题内容是:供电安全可靠、成本低的风、光互补供电的照明、线 供暖系统、照明系统的人性化。系统是以光伏为核心的供电系统，它包括光电转换、? 风力发电、交直流转换、风光互补、LED照明等。开发过程中在设计系统总体功能结? ? 构的同时，还应体现以下设计特点: ? (1)安全、可靠:新能源发电技术一直以来因为其不稳定一直被人们所诟病，? ? 所以这个系统应当更加稳定，所以增加了并网系统，但为了安全考虑还是在并网机构? 中增加一些保护功能。 ? ? (2)操作性:有人形容我们处于的在一个“小白”时代，一切都寻求简单，本? 系统将减少专业设备的使用以达到人人即可上手操作的目的。 ? (3)实用性:本设计主要立足于家庭使用，以及家居、农场等。主要为住宅照? ? 明、空调提供动力系统。 (4)成本控制:任何项目的设计者都应考虑成本的节约。本设计主要采用风力 发电、太阳能光伏发电的供电方式，两种系统间的互补应当配合好。蓄电池的使用寿 命要尽量长，系统和电网的切换要运用自如。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 5 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 2 风、光发电基本原理 2.1 风力发电基本原理 2.1.1风力发电系统原理 风力发电机组能将风能转换为电能供用户使用。风力发电机是通过风轮将风能变 成机械能，在经由传导机构和发电机将机械能转换成电能;再经过整流器的整流作用 得到直流电供给直流负荷或者向蓄电池充电;最后通过逆变器将直流电逆变成三相交 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 流电，供给三相交流用电设备。蓄电池在系统中既有储能作用，又有稳定电压的作用。 2.1.2风力发电机组控制要求 ? ? ? 能够根据风速信号自动使风力发电机进入启动状态或使发电机组从电网切出;能? 够根据风向信号自动动使风轮扫虐面积和风向保持垂直;当风力发电机根据需要退出? ? 运行时，能确保机组安全停机。 ? ? 2.1.3风力发电机功率控制 ? ? ? 风力发电机的功率输出是随着风力的变化而变化的。当风速很小时，风力发电机? 风轮会保持不动。当风速达到切入风速时，风轮开始转动并且拖动发电机发电。随着? 装 风力越来越强输出功率也进一步加强。当达到额定风速时，风力发电机达到额定发电? 功率，之后功率会保持大体不变，当风速达到切出风速时，风力发电机会刹车，不再? ? 输出功率，以免受损，。风力发电机功率控制形式可分为:定桨距调节方式、变桨距? 调节和主动失速调节。 ? 订 ? 2.2光伏发电原理 ? ? ? 光伏发电是基于“光电效应”原理的，利用太阳光线发电的一种新型、清洁发电? 供能方式。光伏发电系统中主要部件有:太阳能光伏电池、蓄电池、逆变器、用电负线 ? 载，本篇设计将对系统中所需要的器件进行选择，当然这些也离不开对于器件的熟知? 和查阅相关的资料。 ? 2.2.1光伏电池 ? ? 光伏电池是光伏发电系统中最基本且最重要的组成部分，所以必须根据必须根据? 适当场合选择合适的光伏电池，但这一切都必须基于对光伏电池的深刻了解。 ? ? 目前比较实用的太阳能电池主要有:单晶硅、多晶硅和非晶硅太阳能电池。 ? 单晶硅太阳能电池最主要的优点是能够很快达到高效率，并且也使得光电转换效? ? 率不易随时间衰退，但缺点是价格昂贵。多晶硅太阳能光伏电池价格就相对便宜。非? 晶硅电池成本低，但是效率低以及光电转换效率随时间波动较大。 ? customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 7 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 2.2.2光伏系统的发电原理 图2-1光伏电池实际等效电路图 根据图2-1所示的实际等效电路，RS为硅片内部电阻和电池电阻构成的串联电阻;Rsh就是结的分路电阻，就是一个漏损电阻。对一个理想的太阳能光伏电池来说，RS得很小，而Rsh就应该很大。由于Rs和Rsh分别是串联和并联在等效电路中，所以在进行电路计算时，它们阻值可以忽略不计。那么实际负载电流为: I=I-I-I (2-1) RLDsh 2.3 光伏电池相关的两个重要量 2.3.1 短路电流 所谓短路电流I,，就是在太阳能电池在输出短路、在太阳光直射条件下，流过sc 太阳能电池两端的电流。由于R=0，U=0，所以I=I=I，即短路电流等于光生电流，LRSCRL 与入射光强成正比。 2.3.2 开路电压 当太阳能电池两端未经任何负载或者导线连接是，其在太阳光的照射下，光伏电池的输出电压就是开路电压，用U表示。此时R接近于无穷大，I=0，所以U=UocLRROC. 开路电压的电压大小可以用内阻的直流毫伏计测量。 在室温下， KT/q?0.026,I>>I (2-2) 0 则 U=0.026ln(I/I) (2-3) OCL0 由于I与入射成正比，所以开路电压与入射光辐照强度的对数成正比。 L customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 装 ? 图3-2太阳电池的电流-电压关系曲线 ? 1-未受光照，2-受光照? ? ? 订 ? ? ? ? ? 线 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 图3-3太阳能电池受温度影响伏安特性曲 ? ? ? 3 风、光互补发电系统设计 3.1系统总体设计思路与方案 本系统就主要为家庭照明及供暖系统的供电。所以在设计系统装机容量时，暂时 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 9 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 不会把其他用电电器考虑进去，但是为了实际需要也会留一些余量。 系统设计步骤如下: (1)对该用户所在南京地区所在地理位置、气候、年均风速、太阳光照条件等进行实地测量或者查找资料。 (2)确定用户用电负荷状况，包括负荷性质、负荷的工作电压、负荷额定功率、全天耗电量等。 (3)根据用户的用电量以及实际气象条件对风力发电系统和光伏系统发电量进行分配。 (4)依据负荷电量和分配的系统发电量对光伏组件和风力发电机装机容量进行设计。 (5)选择并确定风力发电机和太阳能光伏电池的型号，确定并且优化系统结构。 (6)确定系统内部其他部件。 (7)编制整个系统的投资预算。 图 3-1 整体设计步骤框图 3.2气象条件汇集 由于条件限制，本次设计将 施工 文明施工目标施工进度表下载283施工进度表下载施工现场晴雨表下载施工日志模板免费下载 条件定在南京地区。所以在设计前根据实际观测及上网查找资料得到以下气象资料: 南京市地处我国东部沿海地区，位于北纬30度，东经120度附近属于典型亚热带季风气候。这种气候夏季容易受到东南台风吹袭，冬季容易受西伯利亚寒流影响。并且根据气象局数据可以得知南京年平均风速为6m/s。根据图3-2显示，南京地区风力资源应当处于100-150瓦每平米范围。风力资源还算比较丰富。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 装 ? ? 图 3-2 全国年平均风功率分布图 ? ? 南京夏季易遭台风侵袭，经常性有雷暴天气发生。所以系统的防雷系统一定可靠，? 风力发电机组的支架部分必须有足够强度。光伏、风力系统的安装底座必须牢固可靠。订 ? ? ? ? ? 线 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 图 3-3 全国太阳能资源分布图 ? ? 根据图3-3全国太阳能资源分布图可以看出，南京地区全年辐射总量在5000左右， ? 这样的资源基本够维持一个普通住宅的照明以及夏冬季节的空调供暖。 ? 另外根据气象资料可以查出南京市全年连续阴雨天气在在40天左右。夏至日，南? 京地区太阳的入射角度约为81?。 当然系统在设计时往往达不到这种标准。所以在设计时，考虑到成本以及过充电 和过放电对蓄电池使用寿命的影响，这里只需要系统能够维持家庭电器设备正常运行 一天即可。当系统发生故障，或者蓄电池停止放电时，家庭用电将从电网获取电能。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 11 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 3.3 负荷用电量预估 3.3.1 照明及空调系统用电量统计 现在农村大多是二层小洋楼，一般而言会有八个房间，加上厨房、走廊。总共需要十五盏左右的照明灯泡，这样考虑到节能我们选择一般低压LED灯进行照明。12v交流电压，不仅节能，而且还保证维修时的人员安全。我们选择的是“中远洋”产LED玉米灯，具体有以下优点: (1)节能 LED灯的耗电量是白炽灯灯的1/10，是节能灯的1/4。是一款名副其实的节能环保灯具。 (2)环保 以往使用的灯中含有大量的汞元素，如果玻璃碎汞很快就会挥发，，对于用户生命将构成极大威胁。LED是一种绿色环保光源，不含汞元素。所以这又是一种安全、无污染灯具。 (3)寿命长 长期使用，无须更换。该灯具的使用寿命是传统日光灯的10倍，可以长期使用而无需更换，减少人工费用。由于其采用的是12V低压供电，即使在不知情的情况下带电更换也不会造成触电危险。 (4)发热少 高效转换，减少发热。白炽灯或者日光灯会产生大量的热能，在夏 季还会增加室内温度从而增加了空调的负担。而LED灯具则是把电能全都转换为光能，不仅不会造成能源的浪费，而且对于其他用电设备的干扰也十分微小。并且对一些重要文件或漂亮衣物也不会产生褪色影响。 (5)安全 坚固牢靠，抗震性好。 LED灯灯罩本身使用的是环氧树脂(类似于眼镜镜片的材料)而并非传统的玻璃，没有传统灯管碎裂的隐患，同时降低了灯泡炸裂伤害人身风险。即使砸在地板上，也不会轻易损坏，因此不用担心因为安装不牢固或震荡造成的灯具脱落碎裂。其抗震性能好，运输方便。 (6)无频闪 光线柔和，保护眼睛。传统的灯使用的是交流电，所以每秒会产生大量的振荡，这种闪动对于人的眼睛的伤害十分巨大。LED灯具是把交流电直接转换为直流电，不会产生闪烁现象，保护眼睛且不易产生疲劳感。非常适合于学生晚上看书学习或者白领夜间工作使用。 (7)没有噪音 清静舒适，没有噪音。LED灯具不会产生噪声，对于使用精密电子仪器的场合为最佳之选。适合于图书馆，办公室之类的场合，同样适用于卧室，对于人们的睡眠影响则降到了最低。 参数及形态如图3-4: customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 装 ? ? ? ? ? 订 ? ? ? ? 图 3-4 LED玉米灯参数及形态 ? 这种灯具的额定功率控制在15瓦，假设每天全部等工作5小时，全天用电量应线 该在1.12KWh。 ? ? 随着以后经济不断的发展和生活的需要，照明系统中还将采用一种智能灯具，比? 如小米最近发布的智能LED灯具，这种智能灯可以通过蓝牙数据和手机软件连接。并? ? 在软件中对光照以及睡眠定时进行设定。这种叫人起床的方式避免了传统闹钟粗鲁的 ? 方式，以光线的循序渐进的方式的设计更加人性化，也体现了设计的以人为本。然而? 我们的设计也将充分尊重用户的选择，根据用户的需要提供不能灯具的供应。 ? ? 空调系统则需用户根据自身需要选择，不过这里为了设计的需要，先假设该用户? 一家有两台每台额定电压220v交流电额定 功率是1100瓦的三相空调，每天工作3? ? 小时 总耗电量为3.3千瓦时。 ? 3.4 风力及光伏发电分配 根据前面假设的家庭供照应及空调系统的总用电量为3.42千瓦时，我们将预设发 电量为3.5千瓦时。考虑到天气及场地的原因风力发电系统将采用一种小型水平轴风 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 13 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 力发电机。预计发电在1.5kwh,剩下2kwh电量将有光伏系统在有日照天气提供。 3.4.1 风力发电机选择 根据以上分配，风力发电系统将采用小型风力发电机以确保在阴雨天气照明系统能够正常工作。所以采用了MAX1600W风力发电机。设计使用年限为25年。 表3-1 风力发电机参数 MAX 1600W风力发电机参数 额定功率 1600W 最大输出功率 1800W 起动风速 2M/S 切入风速 2.5M/S 额定电压 48V/110V 额定转速 650r/min 额定风速 12M/S 额定电流 33A/14.5A 叶片直径 3.2M 机体 原生铝合金外壳 叶片 3个 高强度尼龙纤维 图3-5 MAX1600W 风力发电机 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 MAX1600W风力发电机是一款水平轴风力发电机，由上图可以看出MAX1600W风力 发电机是一款机身较小的机组。这样的设计既可以满足用户的用电需求，更重要的是 它还能节约更多空间。 ? ? 3.4.2 光伏系统设计 ? ? ? ? 根据前面的分析，在夏季天气炎热无风天气光伏电池需要同时对照明和空调系统 ? 同时供电。根据前面分析出目前市场上常见太阳能光伏电池的优缺点，这里系统中将? 要选用单晶硅太阳能电池板。虽然这种电池片价格比较昂贵，但是其诸多优点能够发? ? 电系统提供更加优越的性能。所以性价比也是相当的高 ? 从前面的设计中估算出总共需用电大约3.5千瓦时。 ? ? 通过查找相关资料并计算出太阳能电池方阵容量为1050Wp。 装 所以可以选用8块、每块功率为150W的电池板组成太阳能电池方阵，实际功率为p? ? 1200Wp。因为系统电压为48V，所以光伏电池应用三块串联，两组并联的连接方式， ? 剩余两块作为备用电池。 ? 如图3-6是型号为SZPV-150-P的太阳能电池板。 ? 订 根据查阅相关气象资料可知南京地区一年中太阳光线入射角最大值81?，这也是? 太阳能电池组件一年中最大发电功率的角度。由于系统主要给家庭供电且电池组件相? ? 对较少，故不用考虑阴影对电池片的影响。但是考虑到冬天积雪的影响，所以安装角 ? 度应当适当的加大以至于积雪可以自由滑落，所以这里就把电池组件的安装角定位为? 线 35?。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 图 3-6 SZPV-150 光伏电池 其具体参数如表3-2: 表 3-2 SZPV-150光伏电池参数 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 15 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 型号 SZPV-150-P 最大功率(W) 150 峰值电压 17(8 (V) 峰值电流 8.43 (A) 开路电压 21.6 (V) 短路电流 9.08 (A) 电池片效率 >17% 工作温度 -40?----+85? 3.5 风光互补系统的特点 目前可利用的几种可再生能源中，风能和太阳能由于具有广泛分布，取之不尽，用之不竭，就地取材，无污染等特点被广泛利用。但是风能和太阳能发电自身也有许多缺点，这恰恰也限制了技术的发展。比如说:太阳能和风能相对不稳定、不能连续、容易受到天气影响;用于无电地区，需配备大量储能设备。 利用太阳能光伏发电和风力发电的互补功能，可以增加供电的连续性，并且采用了并网系统对于用户用电安全又增加了一大保障。其次，在同样的用电负荷下，风光互补系统所需的蓄电池容量远小于其他系统，对于资金的投入将大大减少。再次充分的利用了资源，能有效改善蓄电池使用寿命。 3.6 系统内部其他部件 3.6.1蓄电池 由于这里采用的是并网系统，所以对于蓄电池的容量要求并不是特别高。只需要它能够保证每天储存电量足够负载使用即可。 根据3.4节计算用户用一天用电量为3.5KWh,这里按照4kwh计算。 B=AQNT/C (3-1) C110c B是蓄电池容量，A是安全系数取1.2，Q是日耗电量，N是连续阴雨天气这里忽C11 略不计，T是温度系数南京市取1,C是蓄电池放电深度 一般取0.75。 0C 所以蓄电池容量为:B=1.2*4*1/0.75=6400wh C 选择的蓄电池为48V/200Ah的蓄电池。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 图3-7 蓄电池 ? ? 蓄电池在系统中主要有储存电能和供电的作用，这就相当于心脏在人体中所起到? 的作用。不过这种供电方式是单向的即蓄电池不能向发电系统反向充电。这里只要找? 装 到一个合适的二极管串联在充电电路中即可，也就是利用二极管的单向导通性能来防 ? 止蓄电池反向放电。 ? ? 3.6.2 其他部件 ? ? 订 ? 1.控制部分 ? 控制部分主要实现如下功能:当蓄电池发生过充电故障时，可以报警并且能自动? 切断线路、保护蓄电池，避免受到伤害;当供电线路发生故障时可以自动跳转至电网;? ? 当负载发生短路时，可以自动断开充电电路。 线 系统中为了保证其工作的的正常运行，所以适当的添加了控制器。这里采用了? ? WPVS经济型控制器(控制器参数在4-1节介绍)，这款控制器也可用于风、光互补路 ? 灯控制。 ? ? 产品性能特点: ? (1)系统采用了先进的最大功率点跟踪技术，能够有效的对太阳能和风能的利用 ? (2)可用电脑远程控制，升级软件和设置参数。 ? ? (3)具有两路负载独立输出功能。 ? (4)具有过在和短路保护功能。 ? ? (5)风力发电机智能停机。 ? (6)控制软件采用中文，简单易草操作。 控制器接线步骤:首先，接蓄电池部分，先接负极，后接正极;然后接光伏电池 端子线，正负极不能接反;第三步接负载端子线，同样正负极不可接反;最后一步依 次接好风力机三根线即可。 2. 整流器 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 17 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 整流器通过内部桥式整流电路可以将风力发电机发出的不规则的交流电转化成稳定的直流电，向蓄电池充电，也可以供直流电器设备用电。这里采用的是型号为PC-SVB000的整流器，其外观如图3-8: 图3-8 整流器 表3-3 整流器参数 品牌:PC-SVB2000 频率范围:输出电流:23A 50HZ/60HZHZ 输入电压:AC90V-260V 工作温度:-15?~40? 输出功率:2000W 3.逆变器 逆变器是将蓄电池中直流电转换为交流电并将电能提供给负载使用。逆变器可将48V直流电逆变成220v交流电供空调使用。由于是并网系统所以要选用有源逆变器，这种逆变器在需要时可以进过连接双向电能表向系统馈电，为用户实现收益。具体可供选用的逆变器型号为:迈力科技4.0k-TL逆变器 其最大输入功率为4500W，最大输出交流功率为4800W，最大工作效率可以达到97.6%。输出电压和电流频率完全可以达到并网要求。 图3-9 逆变器工作原理图 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 3.7 系统并网设计 系统的总体设计基本已经完成，最后就是需要考虑到并网。 ? 首先，市电和系统供电不能发生冲突及市电和系统必须分开为住户供电。也就是? 说，当系统供电时负载从电网断开;系统停止供电或故障时，电网为负载供电。这时，? ? 就需要用到分线箱进行接线。采用两个空气开关对市电和系统供电进行调节。通常电 ? 网对照明及空调系统的供电是断开的，当有特殊需求或者系统发生故障时可以人为将? ? 发电系统空开断开并且合上电网开关恢复供电。为了实现切换的可靠性，采用了自动 ? 切换和手动切换相结合的方式进行调节。 ? 系统主要实现的功能为通过风力、光伏发电为农村家庭提供优质清洁能源，在初? ? 期只能为照明和空调系统提供动力，市场发展中后期，以及投资成本的下降本系统还? 将为更多电器供电。 ? 装 ? ? ? ? ? 订 ? ? ? ? ? 线 ? ? ? ? 图3-9 系统结构图 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 19 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 4 系统维护与投资预算 4.1 控制器软件使用说明 4.1.1 控制器软件参数设置 (1)软件界面 图4-1 软件界面 (2)通信配置 控制器与PC连接是通过RS485通信，本产品配有专用的通讯接口。把USB端, 插入控制器的USB插口，另一端DB9接头是接电脑PC RS232接口，点击“通讯口设置”选择对应的COM口，如果通讯配置成功，则会提示:端口设置成功。 (3)软件权限管理: 本软件对用户权限做了详细的控制，共分三个等级:01、02、03，其中03等级最高，默认密码为94。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 (4)数据实时监控: 对蓄电池、风机、太阳能、控制器等工作状态及数据进行实施监控，工作界面如 图4-2。 ? ? 点击【控制器管理】下拉菜单中的【数据监测】打开数据监测界面 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 装 ? ? ? ? ? 订 图4-2 数据监测界面 ? ? (5)基本参数设置: ? 用户参数设置:负载模式为:光控、时控且光控、长期负载，负载为2路，可以? ? 分别设定负载工作时间，用户可根据实际需求进行配置。 线 操作方式:首先点击【参数读取】读取当前控制器的配置参数， ? 再根据实际需求配置好负载工作模式后，点击【参数设置】，若设置成功，系统? ? 显示设置如图4-3: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 图4-3 用户参数设置界面 (6)工作参数控制: customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 21 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 本功能为控制器的工作参数控制:负载电流保护、电池下限电压、风机刹车电压、电池停止工作电压、仪表系数设定，来根据用户实际配置修改，这些参数建议由专业人员根据相关部件的说明书进行设置。如图4-4: 图4-4 工作参数设置界面 (7)刹车控制: 为了方便测试，还可以通过后台计算机对控制器的刹车功能进行控制，界面如图4-5所示:操作方式:点击【控制器管理】下拉菜单中的【输出控制测试】.然后点击【刹车启动】按钮 图4-5 输出控制测界面 4.1.1 故障判断及排除 控制器在使用过程中会遇到许多故障，对于这些常见故障的现象及处理建议如表4-1所示: customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 表4-1 控制器常见故障及排除方法 ? 序号 故障信号 故障原因 排除办法 ? 1 工作指示灯不蓄电池没有容更换电池 ? ? 亮 量 ? 控制器内部保打开外壳更换? ? 险丝熔断 保险丝 ? 2 负载端无输出蓄电池已放空 等待充电或更? ? 电压 换蓄电池 ? 工作模式引起 查工作模式是? ? 否满足 装 负载端短路 更换负用电设? ? 备或负载电源 ? 3 低风速不能控风机启动电压重新进行参数? 制充电 设置过高 设置 ? 订 4 超过额定风速风机刹车电压重新进行参数? 不能刹车 设置过高 设置 ? ? 5 蓄电池电压正蓄电池欠压设重新进行参数? 常但警告灯亮 置过高 设置 ? 线 6 工作正常但警风速过高刹车属于正常现象? 告指示灯亮 正在作用 或调整刹车电压 ? ? ? 4.2系统维护 ? ? 控系统部分的维护在表4-1中都有详解，此处不再赘述。这里只是简单叙述系统? 的日常维护 ? 1、遇有大风、暴雨、冰雹等情况，应采取措施保护太阳能组件和风力机组，以? ? 免器件受到损坏。在遇到雾霾天气时，应当关闭光伏系统的工作。 ? 2、太阳能电池组件的正面应经常保持清洁，如有灰尘或其它污物，应先用清水? ? 冲洗，再用干净纱布将水迹轻轻擦干，切勿用硬物或腐蚀性溶剂冲洗、擦拭。在 3、由于逆变器、控制器是全自动控制设备，无需人工操作。如逆变器或者控制 器无电压输出，请检查空气开关是否合上、保险丝是否熔断并且及时更换。 4、电气元件的接地每半年用摇表摇测一次接地电阻，如果合格则可继续使用， 否则应该更换接地电阻。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 23 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 5、逆变器、控制器等电气设备应安装在干燥、通风的房间。应注意防尘。 6、光伏系统和风力发电系统的防雷应与建筑主体的防雷系统可靠连接。 7、应定期检查系统的防雷装置，损坏和到期的应及时更换。 4.3系统效益分析 4.3.1系统投资成本分析 当然不管是什么项目都要考虑的成本，这个系统的成本由于受到目前技术的限制还处于一个较高水平。具体投资成本如下: 表4-2 元器件清单和价格 器件名称 数量(件) 单价(元) 蓄电池 1 500 风力发电机 1 500 LED灯 15 40 太阳能电池板 8 4000 整流器 1 1700 逆变器 1 2000 变压器 1 2500 控制器 1 500 总价 141400 根据上表可计算出此系统大概投资成本在14140元，再加上其他费用，总费用大概在20000元左右。不过每月至少为用户节约100元电费，等到国家政策更加开放时用户还可根据自己实际情况向电网馈电从中谋取收益(后期设计及施工中也将为用户预留馈电端口)，用不了多久就可以将成本收回并且盈利。 4.3.2 环境效益分析 本风、光互补发电系统主要是为南京农村某家庭住户的照明及空调系统提供电力，虽然系统发电功率只有几千瓦。但是在用电高峰期，每日最多可为用户节约大概3.5KWh用电量。量化为年节约用电量大概在735KWh左右，相当于大约981.22kg标准煤燃烧所发电量。如果此系统能够借由国家政策推广开来，将大大减少煤炭资源的使用。同时，也能极大的减少二氧化碳和硫化物等污染物的排放量。对于世界性的气候变化都有一定的缓解作用。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 5 总结 本设计主要是为南京市农村某用户家庭的照明及空调系统提供电力，该用户家中 总用电功率并不是很大。并且每年夏天用电高峰期空调系统占用更多用电量将会对其? ? 他电器造成巨大影响，所以设计了该系统单独为空调供电。由于知识相对薄弱设计中? 对于系统的日常维护也做了简单的介绍。 ? ? 在设计中也采用了一些新东西。比如在照明系统中就采用了12V LED低压照明灯? 具这考虑到目前许多家庭使用日光灯管，这种日光灯管在工作时，会产生极大的电流? ? 声对那些安心学习的学生及为不利;还有就是日光灯管会随电流的波动而闪烁容易眼 ? 部疲劳。另外日光灯管容易损坏，维修十分不便，如果镇流器损坏则需要更换镇流器? ? 如果不是专业电工很容易带电操作危险性极大。 ? 这篇设计采用风、光互补的发电方式，这种供电方式能够克服许多单一发电方式? 的缺点。但是其自身有诸如系统结构复杂等许多缺点，在设计时，我们对系统结构进装 ? 行了最大可能的简化和优化。主要进行了如下优化: ? 当蓄电池发生过充电或者过放电故障时，其使用寿命将受到极大影响。所以本设? ? 计就采用了并网发电模式，使系统和电网之间实现互补;同时也增加了智能控制器， ? 在最大程度上避免蓄电池过充、过放电工作情况的发生。 订 为了实现对系统的有效控制，发电部分和蓄电池部分增加一个控制器，控制器的? ? 引入能够根据风力发电机组和蓄电池的工作状态进行实时监控和调节。 ? 为了接解决占地面积大的问题。文中所有光伏电池组件和风力发电机组都安装在? ? 屋顶，选择南京作为参考地原因之一就在于南京地区农村房屋就适合于安装光伏电线 池。另外，在每家楼顶都有一个几平米的平台，这个平台刚好可用于安装固定风力发? ? 电机组。这一刚好利用房屋本身特性进行安装，既解决了土地问题，又不会对房屋原 ? 有主题结构造成太大破坏。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 25 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 致 谢 本论文由专业指导朱旭平老师指导，在实习单位得到了校外指导老师谭冬冬和部门班长苏广兵等有丰富实际经验的师傅指导，还得到了实习单位的支持，还有我一帮小伙伴们的帮助，此时，谢谢你们。 文完成之际，我舒了一口气，从开始到结束的一个多月里我查阅和搜索了大量的资料。本篇论文是结合工作项目和张老师的指导之后，最终定稿完成的，完成这篇论文期间朱老师和我的师傅都在细心的指导支持。朱老师不论是从专业还是学术上都在不厌其烦的细心指导，同时了解我的工作之后，还给我说了很多以后再工作上注意的问题，给我无微不至的关心;在论文修改期间朱老师在忙于教务之余，还特地抽出时间对我的论文进行逐字检查并且提出修改意见，我也深深地被老师这种认真所打动。此时，我应经按捺不住的想对我敬爱的朱老师说声谢谢，您辛苦了～前期在实习期间整理了诸多资料和数据，以备写论文只需，直到定稿，查阅大量与专业相关的资料完成初稿设计，中期就不断在修改和完善，甚至到最后老师给的评价，我一直在尽我最大努力的做好这一件事，述说出一篇含金量高的文章。然而在设计的过程之中，随时都能遇到不可预料的事情，但是我还是重重克服。比如论文的格式、字数的要求，还有一些资料的查找，也曾经令我迷茫和彷徨，甚至感到过难受。到最后，论文完稿，我用我最大的努力去换的一份自己写的黄金论文，这是属于自己的一篇文章，自己的结晶。最后还要对那些在实习和论文的过程中对做过哪怕是一丁点帮助过的同学、老师、同事，表达我最衷心的感谢～ 在大学的三年中，感谢教授与我知识的所有老师和同学，是你们让我明白越来越多的东西，书本上的、书本外的。正是有了你们的帮助我才能从一个又一个的谜团里走出来，我想这将会一直影响着我今后的生活和工作，谢谢你们～ 在即将离开母校的时刻，感谢所有南工老师和学子以及工作岗位上的师傅和同事，对我的宽容和教导。 customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single 毕业设计(论文)报告纸 参考文献 [1] 郑勇.太阳能光伏发电系统[M].化学工业出版社.2011.1-20. [2] 卢为平.风力发电基础[M].化学工业出版社. 2011.10-17. ? ? [3] 袁立强.太阳能光伏并网发电技术及照明系统[M].科学出版社.2007.10-12. ? [4] 王庆.太阳能/风力发电与系统并网技术[M] 科学出版社.2013.11-15. ? ? [5]Mukund R.Patel. 风能与太阳能发电系统、分析与运行[M].机械工业出版? 社.2008.17-30. ? ? [6] 周志敏.离网风光互补发电技术及工程应用[M].人民邮电出版 ? 社.2011.40-50. ? ? [7] 王长贵.太阳能光伏发电实用技术[M].化学工业出版社.2007.23-33. ? [8] 赵春江.并网型太阳能光伏发电系统[M].化学工业出版社.2007.20-22. ? [9] 张源.风力发电[J].中国电力出版社.2003.10-22. 装 ? [10] 宋海辉.风力发电技术及工程[M].中国水利水电出版社.2009.22-30. ? [11] 国内外风力发电及现状[M].大众用电.2007.5-6. ? ? [12] 崔荣强.并网型太阳能光伏发电系统[M].化学工业出版社.2007.11-20. ? [13] 刘靖.光伏技术应用[M].化学工业出版社.2009.8-9. 订 ? ? ? ? ? 线 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? customer qualification preliminary examination of the material of the borrower for the loan person, determine whether you meet 共 28 页 第 27 页 the loan conditions (standard specification for details of the conditions the fifth chapter "5.1 loans and borrower conditions"). 3. agree loan person decides to accept, according to interviews ... First, the jurisdiction of the head office, branches and risk management, operational management should be strengthened on the Bank personal loan monitoring, inspection, management and guidance. Second, related personnel irregularities, according to qilu bank credits operational responsibility and accountability for implementation and the qilu bank employee violations of regulations dealing with regulations and other relevant rules of punishment and accountability. 9. According to file, and related system file 9.1 according to file a, and loan General II, and personal loan management provisional approach 9.2 related system file qilu Bank personal loan management approach 10. records table single records table single 1: personal loan customer talk record records table single 2: personal borrowing applications records table single 3: personal loan income proved records table single 4: personal loan survey declared table records table single 5: authorized Attorney (sample) records table single 6: Personal most high borrowing support with application approval table records table single 7: personal single pen cycle borrowing application approval table records table single 8: drawing applications records table single 9: qilu Bank personal most high borrowing support with single records table single 10: arrived (quality) bet real right proved storage listing records table single 11: stop paid notice records table single