2011年博士英语考试

English Test Paper for Doctoral Candidates (A) 2011.01.09 Part I Listening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). 1. A. She is in Vietnam. B. She is in Thailand. C. She is right here. D. She is in Tokyo. 2. A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On foot. D. By train. 3. A. He stays late for the lesson. B. He is studying. C. He has little rest. D. He is resting. 4. A. She gave a lecture to the psychology class. B. She advised the woman to see a psychologist. C. She persuaded the woman not to take the course. D. She convinced the woman to apply to graduate school. 5. A. She read it selectively. B. She went over it chapter by chapter. C. She read it slowly. D. She finished it at a stretch. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Passage One 6. A. How to choose the qualified goods. B. The consumer's rights. C. The importance of the quality. D. How to demand the replacement. 7. A. The manufacturer. B. The insurance company. C. The shop that sells the goods. D. The repair shop. 8. A. To replace the original one. B. To give a credit note to buy something else. C. To give the consumer's money back. D. To make up for the consumer's loss. Passage Two 9. A. They are interested in other kinds of reading. B. They are active in coluntary services. C. They tend to be low in education and in income. D. They live in isolated areas. 10. A. The reasons why people don't read newspapers are more complicated than assumed. B. There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected. C. The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing. D. There are more non-readers among young people nowadays. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage. It will be spoken three times. After you hear the passage, please write a summary of it in about 60 words on Answer Sheet II. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). 11. Professsor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong _______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists. A. motivation B. perspective C. impression D. impact 12. It was his wife's encouragement that had _______ him through the bad times. A. delivered B. relieved C. sent D. brought 13. He _______ working till he was seventy years old. A. kept up B. followed C. kept on D. succeeded 14. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _______ 50 households or more. A. having B. to have C. to have had D. having had 15. _______, I agree with your estimate of the stituation. A. In the way B. On the way C. In a way D. In any way 16. It won't do them any good, but it won't do them any harm _______. A. neither B. too C. either D. as well 17. "Bob certainly has a low _______ of Sue." — "It can't be any worse than hers of him." A. idea B. opinion C. concern D. thought 18. My book is _______ finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing. A. virtually B. vertically C. violently D. visually 19. Helen _______ into the river but that I caught her. A. had fallen B. would fall C. fell D. would have fallen 20. The car _______ halfway for no reason. A. broke off B. broke down C. broke up D. broke out Section B Directions: There are a number of sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best suits the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). 21. In the other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl's marriage. A. furniture B. dolly C. wedding gift D. dress 22. This point, however, hardly falls within the ambit of a book about nutrition. A. inspection B. field C. desire D. inspiration 23. In the United States, Congress is vested with the power to declare war. A. conferred B. required C. designed D. allocated 24. The human genome sequence is finite whereas human inventiveness is infinite. A. lest B. hence C. while D. more or less 25. Consequently, new forms of policing involving the harnessing of non-government resources, will become essential. A. dangerous B. protesting C. proof D. Making use 26. It can be slow, and prohibitively expensive to navigate. A. disagreeable B. excessively C. hardly D. little 27. President-elect Bush inherits a nation whose citizens will be ready to assist him in the conduct of his large responsibilities. A. succeeds to B. gains C. restricts D. claims 28. In urban areas easier access to modern medical technology enables women to act before birth. A. pace B. facility C. allow D. contact 29. Blocking heroin use before it starts is particularly important because of the drug's highly addictive nature. A. Hacking B. Terminate C. Hindering D. Restriction 30. It has created unprecedented opportunities for education, health services. A. uncompromising B. undersized C. unstressed D. unparalleled Part III Cloze (10%) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). We all know that a magician does not really depend on "magic" to perform his tricks, but on his ability to act 31 great speed. 32 , this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 33 rabbits from a hat. 34 the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 35 . He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. 36 no one really knows how he did this, there is no doubt 37 he had made a close study of every type of 38 ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needle-like tool strapped to his leg and he used this 39 a key. Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They 40 him in chains and locked him up, but he freed himself 41 an instant. The police 42 him of having used a tool and locked him up again. This time he wore 43 clothes and there were chains around his necks, waist, wrists, and legs; 44 he again escaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his "needle" in a wax-like 45 and dropped it on the floor in the passage. 46 he went past, he stepped on to 47 astonishing. He was heavily chained up and enclosed in an empty wooden chest, the lid of 48 was nailed down. The 49 was dropped into the sea in New York harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface. When the chest was 50 , it was opened and the chains were found inside. 31. A. in B. with C. at D. of 32. A. Generally B. However C. Possibly D. Likewise 33. A. to produce B. who produces C. produce D. how to produce 34. A. Undoubted B. Though C. Probably D. Out of the question 35. A. escaping B. locking C. opening D. dropping 36. A. Surprisingly B. Obviously C. Perhaps D. Although 37. A. if B. whether C. as to D. that 38. A. chest B. lock C. box D. chain 39. A. in place B. in place of C. instead D. in the place of 40. A. involved B. closed C. connected D. bound 41. A. at B. by C. in D. for 42. A. rid B. charged C. accused D. deprived 43. A. some B. a C. the D. no 44. A. but B. and C. so D. thus 45. A. candle B. mud C. something D. substance 46. A. As B. Usually C. Maybe D. Then 47. A. overall B. all but C. no longer D. altogether 48. A. it B. which C. that D. him 49. A. chest B. body C. lid D. chain 50. A. brought up B. sunk C. broken apart D. snapped Part IV Reading Comprehension (25%) Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on. The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at a very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly. A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses, too, come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited. 51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _______. A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job B. behave appropriately in relation to other people C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations D. make friends with other people 52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _______. A. in order to identify themselves with others B. in order to better identify others C. as their mental processes change D. as the situation changes 53. The word “appraisal” (Sentence 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means “_______”. A. involvement B. appreciation C. assessment D. presentation 54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to _______. A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately B. identification of other people’s statuses C. selecting one’s own statuses D. constant mental process 55. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince” (Sentence 3, Paragraph 3), the writer means _______. A. different people have different styles of clothes B. ready-made clothes may need alterations C. statuses come ready made just like clothes D. our choice of statuses is limited Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. The way you look—the body that is yours—has several relatively permanent features that disclose information about you. As you take the platform to speak, listeners can observe your physical features and infer your sex, general age range, racial background, height, weight, and body type. Sometimes audiences respond to personal appearance in a fixed manner. As a result they may discount messages given by speakers who are very much younger than themselves. Other audiences similarly pay less attention to the speeches of women or of people from other cultural groups. Many people have one or more physical features or conditions that make them reluctant to speak publicly. These include crooked teeth, visible birthmarks, above-average or below-average weight or height, poor eyesight, or the use of wheelchairs. Although it is true that people do see your features, it is generally not true that they spend the entire speech focusing on them. If you worry about your appearance, one of your best strategies is to have an interesting topic and a good opening statement that will draw people’s attention to your subject rather than to your looks. Regardless of your looks, you can pay special attention to your appearance such as dressing neatly, keeping your hair tidy, etc. Neatness and cleanliness are sometimes as significant as natural beauty; in fact, a common proverb, “Cleanliness is next to godliness” gives a very good example of this. Further, as well will see, social attractiveness is enhanced by other nonverbal variables such as smiling and gesturing appropriately. Moreover, physical characteristics are not the only thing your listeners see. The clothing and accessories you choose are part of your total presentation of yourself. 56. This passage may be intended for _______. A. school teachers B. would-be actors or actresses C. those whose work involves public speeches D. social workers 57. People tend not to attach enough importance to what a speaker says if _______. A. he has a different cultural background B. he is poorly dressed C. his hair is untidy D. he is overweight 58. People often feel shy to speak in public if _______. A. they are younger than the audiences B. their subjects are not interesting enough C. they are female and not pretty D. they have some physical defects 59. Social attractiveness can be improved by _______. A. your humorous way of talking B. good manners and dressing neatly C. a good opening statement D. choosing a good topic 60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Natural beauty is necessary for a public speaker. B. The audience won’t concentrate on your features throughout your speech. C. Age and sex can decide whether your speech will be a successful one. D. The audience can usually foresee what you’ll say from your racial background. Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. It started small. Just a political slogan, pasted onto a poster in a back office somewhere: NO EURO in 19999. Germany’s main opposition party, the Social Democrats, planned to print the poster by the thousands for the state elections, and exposed the party’s jingoist (极端爱国主义的) tune. On March 24 the Social Democrats gathered just 25 percent of the vote, their lowest postwar result. The party did almost as poorly in the two other state elections the same day. The big winner: Helmut Kohl and his pet project, the European monetary union, the plan to give the continent a single currency by 1999 and further enclosed Germany into a greater Europe. Only a few months ago, many Europeans were attacking the EMU. But the day after the state elections, Holger Schmieding, senior strategist in Frankfurt, reverses his prognosis on the EMU’s likelihood from 40-60 against to 60-40 in favor. At an intergovernmental conference in Italy, the Kohl government gave up some demands for speedy political and diplomatic integration in the interest of pushing the EMU through. French President Jacques Chirac threw in his lot with the German chancellor. Other countries like Spain, Sweden and Italy have recently changed governments and showed a new willingness to introduce EMU-inspired principles. The result: the markets have now lined up behind the EMU, driving Europe’s long-term bond yields closer together and pushing other currencies higher against the German mark. All this has supplied a nice tail wind for the prospective Euro, the new currency supposed to replace the cash of the first group of “core” countries. “You can trace the changed mood to one clear source—those state elections,” says John Lipsky, chief economist in New York. “Before, the working assumption had been that the German public was distrustful of EMU. But his was viewed as the first time it was tested on the ground rather than in public opinion polls.” The EMU, clearly, won. 61. The German Social Democrats lost in the state elections mainly because _______. A. they were not in agreement with the public in their attitudes towards Euro B. their dishonorable acts in World War II left a bad impression on the public C. they did not print enough posters before the elections D. their postwar policies were not widely accepted by the public 62. What can be inferred from the prognosis of Holger Schmieding, the senior strategist? A. The number of people who are in favor of Euro equals to that who are against it. B. The number of people who are in favor of Euro is larger than that who are against it. C. The number of people who are against Euro is larger than that who are in favor of it. D. People become more and more willing to accept Euro as a single European currency. 63. Concerning the attitude of the governments of some European countries towards Euro, which of the following is true? A. They have been in favor of it from the beginning. B. They become reluctant to accept it. C. They become more willing to go with it. D. They have no choice but to accept it. 64. According to the passage, Euro will be used to replace the currencies of _______. A. all the European countries B. Germany, France, Spain and Italy C. several most important European countries D. some Middle European countries 65. What is suggested about the reliability of estimates of public opinions in the last paragraph? A. The results of elections are more reliable than public opinion polls. B. Public opinion polls are more reliable than the results of elections. C. Investigations are more reliable than public opinion polls. D. Public opinion polls are the single accurate estimate of public opinions. Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage. The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages around a church; a drive through a marrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings—these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside. Thatching is in fact the old