SAGE_UK_style_外文投稿

Version UK3/August 2011 SAGE UK Style Guide SAGE UK Style Guide 2 CONTENTS 1. 2. Article opening material 3 2.1 Headings 3 2.2 Article types 3 2.3 Article title 3 2.4 Author names, affiliations, and corresponding address 4 2.5 Abstract and keywords 5 2.6 Running heads 5 3. General style and layout 6 3.1 Logo and imprint box 6 3.2 Figures 6 3.3 Tables 6 3.4 Lists 7 3.5 Maths/equations 7 3.6 Appendices 7 3.7 Note and footnotes 8 3.8 Book reviews 9 4. Spelling, punctuation and formatting 9 4.1 Author style/voice 9 4.2 General spelling rules 9 4.3 Punctuation and formatting 9 4.4 Abbreviations 11 5. Technical content: maths, equations, etc. 13 5.1 Maths notation convention 13 5.2 Equations 13 5.3 Units 14 5.4 Symbols and operators 14 6. Appendices 15 6.1 General STM acceptable 2-letter abbreviations 15 6.2 Engineering acceptable 2-letter abbreviations 16 SAGE UK Style Guide 3 2. Article opening material 2.1 Headings 1. Headings should have an initial capital with everything else lowercase, unless proper names. 2. Italics can be included in A heads (H1) if needed, e.g. mathematical symbol or genus name. 3. Headings are unnumbered and formatted as below. 4. Where headings are referred to in the text use section names, as headings are not numbered. A head (H1) (bold with initial cap, all the rest lowercase) B head (H2) (italic with initial cap, all the rest lowercase) C head (H3) (same as B head, but set as first line of paragraph, full out; italic with initial cap, all the rest lowercase, followed by a full stop. Following text runs on) Headings for Abstract, Keywords, Funding, Acknowledgements, Conflict of interest (in that order), References, Appendices are same as A head but smaller font size (CEs: where a template is being used there is no need to format these. Where no template is being used, please format as bold/italic, but there is no need to mark the font sizes, TS will format.) 2.2 Article types Where a journal displays article types, these should appear on the first page of each article, left aligned above the horizontal rule, and in italics. General technical or research papers should be classified as Original Article (with uppercase initial caps) for STM, and Article for HSS. (Check with the PE, as there is some variation between journals.) Other usual paper types are as follows: Review Article, Case Study, Technical Note, Case Report. Individual journals may also have other paper types, as agreed with the Editor. Where no particular convention has been agreed, Original Article should be followed for STM, and Article for HSS. 2.3 Article title Please format with an initial capital only and remaining words lower case, unless proper names. Italics can be included where necessary (e.g. genus name). Run on subtitle after colon, with initial capital after colon. SAGE UK Style Guide 4 2.4 Author names, affiliations, and corresponding address Authors List authors in the order that they appear on the manuscript. Authors’ first name should be in full, middle names should be initials without full stops (e.g. Simon PS Sharma) and no spaces between multiple initials. No series comma before the ‘and’ before the final author name. Affiliations Affiliations should contain only the following: department or faculty, institution, country. Some HSS journals may have institution and country only. Do not include titles, positions, qualifications, street names, or postcodes/zip codes. Affiliations should not end in a full stop. STM: author names should be annotated with superscripted numbers (CE: do not use automated endnotes against names and affiliations). If all authors are at the same affiliation no superscript numerals are required. Affiliations appear separately with the corresponding address at the bottom of the right column (see next page): Mark A Creager1, Reena L Pande1 and William R Hiatt2,3 HSS: affiliations should directly follow each author name, as follows: Mark A Creager (Department of Engineering,) Southampton University, UK Reena L Pande (Department of Engineering,) Southampton University, UK William R Hiatt County Hospital, CA, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA Multiple affiliations are separated by a semi-colon. Corresponding author The affiliations and corresponding author information is positioned as follows: Bottom of the right column on the first page of each paper, separated from the text with a horizontal rule (some exceptions apply for specific journals). Corresponding author: John Smith, Department of Social Studies, South Bank University, 4 Sample Road, London SE17 9OP, UK Email: john.smith@sbu.ac.uk STM: Affiliations and corresponding author details should appear as follows, bottom of right column. HSS: corresponding author appears in the same position, minus the affiliations. Please remove any fax or telephone numbers, titles (e.g. Dr, Professor), positions (e.g. Senior Lecturer). SAGE UK Style Guide 5 Please note: ‘Email’ with cap E and without hyphen. Email should start a new line. There should be a full stop after the country in the corresponding address. Affiliations and corresponding address text should be left aligned, not justified, to avoid irregular spacing between words. 2.5 Abstract and keywords Abstract should appear in bold without a colon, text should start on the next line, with no indent. Keywords (all one word) should appear in bold without a colon. The keywords should start on the next line, separated by commas only, not semi-colons. The first keyword should have an initial cap. In some journals, Abstracts have sub-headings, e.g. Methods, Conclusion etc. These should be formatted in bold with a colon in bold and each sub-heading should start a new paragraph. The text should run on after each heading with an initial capital. Submitted/accepted dates For journals that publish received/revised/accepted dates (applies to specific journals, if unsure please check with the PE), this should appear after the Keywords and be formatted thus: Date received 29 July 2010; reviewed 30 August 2010; accepted 5 November 2010 2.6 Running heads Recto: should be author surname(s), e.g. Smith, or Smith and Jones, or Smith et al. (for three or more authors, and et al. is also in italic). Verso: full journal title in italic, followed by 0(0). For IMechE journals: e.g. J. Automobile Engineering 0(0), without the Proc. IMechE or journal letter). SAGE UK Style Guide 6 3. General style and layout 3.1 Logo and imprint box All papers in the standard SAGE design will have a journal logo in the top right with an imprint box underneath (although the logo may be missing on journals that are new to the SAGE design). The imprint box will contain the following information: journal name, vol/issue/page numbers (for papers in production, vol/issue are represented by 0(0), page numbers are the number of pages in the PDF, e.g. 1–9), copyright line, link to permissions web page, DOI, journal URL, SAGE logo: 3.2 Figures 1. STM: All figures should have a key line (i.e. be enclosed in a box). HSS: figures have no key line. 2. Figures should be appropriately sized (done by the TS). They do not need to be a full column width or page width. 3. Figure permissions: any figures reproduced from another publication need permission. In cases where those publishers listed on the STM permission Guidelines page (http://www.stm- assoc.org/permissions-guidelines/), permission is not required and only the reference number need by present in the caption. Some publishers ask for certain text, e.g. Elsevier. 4. Source: in cases where permission is required and has been obtained, this should appear below the caption in the following form: Source: reproduced with permission from publisher, year, reference number (Vancouver), author, date (Harvard). 5. Any abbreviations needing to be spelled out should be listed after the caption, starting on the next line, in the following format: IC: internal combustion; PID: proportional–integral–derivative). 6. Captions are positioned below the figures and left aligned. 7. Captions should start, for example, Figure 1. (with a full point also in bold) and have a full point at the end. Where the text runs onto multiple lines, the captions need not be justified but should be aligned left. 8. Where figures have multiple parts, these should be labelled as (a), (b), (c), etc. (not A, B, C). Captions should contain subheadings for all parts if not present in the figure itself. 9. All figures should be numbered consecutively and cited in the text as Figure 1, Figure 2 etc. (Figure should be spelled out in full, not abbreviated). 10. Text citations: figures should be referenced in the text as follows: Figure 1, or Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 2 to 4, or Figure 1(a) and (b), or Figure 2(a) to (c). Where the figure citation is not part of the sentence it should be placed in parentheses. Examples: Please see Figure 2 for an illustration of the model used The model used was an X3G standard type, exported from Germany (Figure 2 or see Figure 2). 3.3 Tables 1. Tables do not need to be a full column width or page width, but should be the appropriate width for the content. They will be laid out by the TS so no work is required by CEs on table layout, only on content. 2. Table headings should be left aligned, even when they relate to multiple columns, unless this creates confusion. SAGE UK Style Guide 7 3. Tables should only have minimal horizontal rules for clarity, and no vertical rules (done by TS, no need for CE to format). 4. All tables should be numbered consecutively and cited in the text as Table 1, Table 2 etc. (Table should be spelled out in full, not abbreviated). 5. Table permissions: any tables reproduced from another publication need permission. In cases where those publishers listed on the STM permission Guidelines page (http://www.stm- assoc.org/permissions-guidelines/), permission is not required and only the reference number need by present in the caption. Some publishers ask for certain text, e.g. Elsevier. 6. Source: in cases where permission is required and has been obtained, this should appear below the table in the following form: Source: reproduced with permission from publisher, year, reference number (Vancouver), author, date (Harvard). 7. Any abbreviations needing to be spelled out should be listed under the table (smaller font, TS will format), in the following format: IC: internal combustion; PID: proportional–integral–derivative. 8. General notes to the Table should be positioned below the Table, typeset in a smaller font and should start ‘Note:’, and end in a full stop. Do not add the word ‘Note:’ unless needed for clarity. 9. Footnotes should be represented in the table by superscript letters a, b, c, etc., and appear below the Table (smaller font, TS will format). Each footnote should start a new line and end with a full stop. These notes should precede the source for the table, if included. 10. Captions are positioned above the table and left aligned. 11. Captions should start, for example, Table 1. (with a full point also in bold) and have a full point at the end. Where the text runs onto multiple lines, the captions need not be justified but aligned left. 12. Dates in Tables can be shortened to, for example, 4 Dec 10, if space is lacking. Do not use the form 04/12/10, as this could be confused as 12 April in US. 13. Normal text in columns should always be left aligned. Data in tables should be aligned on units if all the data in that column take the same units. Otherwise, the data should be left aligned. Units in table headings should be enclosed by parentheses, not square brackets (if any brackets are required at all). 3.4 Lists 1. For lists where items are not full sentences, use (a), (b), (c) etc. or bullet points (whichever is more appropriate) and separate items with semi-colons. Start list with a preceding colon and end list with a full stop. 2. For lists where items are full sentences or multiple sentences, use 1. 2. 3. Start list with a preceding full stop or semi-colon (whichever is more appropriate), and end list with a full stop. 3. List numbering/bullets should be full out and left aligned, with text indented and aligned. Lists should be separated from preceding/following text with a line space. 4. Where list items include headings, that heading should be italic, same size as text and end in a full stop. The following text should run on. 3.5 Maths/equations (see section 5, p. 14 for more details) 1. Equations should be left aligned with a 3 mm indent, not centred. 2. Equations can be broken at operator symbols (x, -, +, etc.), and continue on the next line, starting with the operator itself. 3. Equations should be separated from text above and below by at least one line space. 4. Any equation numbers should be enclosed in parentheses and right aligned, and aligned horizontally with the bottom line of the equation or equations, where multiple terms are covered by one equation number. (Not all equations need be numbered, see section 5). General note: text following Figures, Tables, equations does not need to be full out with no indent. If the next block of text after any of these items is a new paragraph, then this may be indented. 3.6 Appendices Maths notation list 1. Where present, notation should appear as Appendix 1, following the references. The heading Notation should be a B-head (not Notations; it is not plural). 2. Abbreviations list should be separated from mathematical notation under a separate B-head Abbreviations. SAGE UK Style Guide 8 3. Notation should be listed in alphabetical order, English letters first, followed by Greek, followed by numbers, followed by symbols. 4. Subscripts and superscript should come under a separate C-head (italic and smaller font), and symbols should follow the same order as in point 2 above. 5. The Notation section does not need to be cited in the text, like other Appendices. 6. Notation list should be left aligned. Text in the notation section should be left aligned in general, not justified. 7. Please note that a notation list is not compulsory in mathematical papers, as long as all symbols are defined in the text. Other appendices 1. Numbering of figures/tables/equations in Appendices should follow on from the numbering in the text. 2. All tables/figures should have captions. 3. All appendices should be cited in the text, e.g. (see Appendix 1). If they are not cited, authors need to be queried for a citation position. 3.7 Notes and footnotes Textual notes HSS References: Vancouver style reference citations are represented as textual notes, as a numeral enclosed in a square bracket. Harvard style references are as follows (Smith, 1999). Any other textual notes: are indicated by a superscript Arabic numeral placed after the punctuation. All textual notes should be collected and placed after the text and before the reference section with the heading Notes. STM References: Vancouver style reference citations are represented as textual notes, as a superscript Arabic numeral. Harvard style references are as follows (Smith, 1999). Any other textual notes (whether references are Harvard or Vancouver) are indicated by a superscript Arabic letter and the corresponding footnote appears at the bottom of the relevant column. In STM journals, footnotes should be edited into the text if appropriately and easily incorporated. However, please leave footnotes if this is not possible. Authors’ biographical notes These should appear at the end of the paper with the heading Author biography (or biographies), in same font size as References/Funding etc. heading. Follow journal style. 3.8 Book reviews Please check that the book details are given in this format at the top of each review. Author, title, publisher: place, date of publication; 000 pp.: ISBN, price (hbk), ISBN, price (pbk) Editor(s) (ed[s].), title, publisher: place, date of publication; 000 pp.: ISBN , price (hbk), ISBN, price (pbk) SAGE UK Style Guide 9 4. Spelling, punctuation and formatting 4.1 Author style/voice We will endeavour to keep the author’s voice as much as possible: 1. Some authors write in the first person. CEs please note that we will not be taking articles out of the first person into the third person. 2. Where American authors have used American spellings, we should also endeavour to keep the author’s grammar/punctuation, e.g. closed em-dashes instead of spaced en-dashes, single quotation marks within double, series comma etc. 3. Where UK authors have used –ise spellings throughout their papers in a consistent fashion, please do not change. Where there is inconsistency, use -ize. 4.2 General spelling rules The general rules are as follows: • UK spellings should be followed for European articles (-ise is acceptable) • US spellings should be followed for North American articles • Rest of the world – follow author style but make it consistent • Canadian spellings should be standardized to UK or US, depending on author preference • The following list shows some common exceptions to the ‘-ize’ rule: Samples advertise arise devise enfranchise expertise merchandise promise surmise advise chastise disenfranchise enterprise franchise misadvise reprise surprise affranchise circumcise disguise exercise improvise premise revise televise apprise comprise emprise excise incise prise supervise treatise Note also: analyse (for UK), catalyse, dialyse, paralyse. Do not mix English and US spellings. Some common US variations in spelling: analyze color favor fulfill labor license (noun) program traveler/traveling behavior counseling fetus gray mold pediatrics practice (verb) willful Follow author style regarding use of the possessive’s for proper names ending in s. However, ’s is not used for classical names, e.g. Socrates’ philosophy. The following books are recommended: Hart’s Rules; Fowler’s Modern Usage. 4.3 Punctuation and formatting Commas • Follow author style but make consistent • Oxford or series comma are not generally used; only use an Oxford/series comma if essential for clarity Parentheses These can be used throughout. Double sets of parentheses are acceptable, e.g. (see Figure 2(a)). Do not use square brackets in the text, except in the following circumstances. Square brackets are used only to enclose an author’s comment within a quote, e.g. [sic], [emphasis added]. Square brackets are also used for equations and mathematical expressions within the text. Quotes Use single quotes, with double quotes within quoted material. (See section 4.1 for exceptions for articles written by US authors.) Hyphenation The basic rule is to follow author style but be consistent. Use of upper and lower case SAGE UK Style Guide 10 Check the author’s usage first, and make consistent. For specific titles use initial caps, for generic titles use lower case (useful pointers follow): Institutions, movements, denominations, political parties: • the Roman Catholic Church • he has catholic tastes • They were Bolsheviks • bolshevism, communism Titles, ranks: • the President (referring to a particular one) • the Spanish Foreign Minister • a president • several government ministers Geographical names: Capitalize politically defined or geogr