专四英语语法考点串讲及真题再现

专四英语语法考点串讲及真题再现 语法回顾篇: 专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法,省略～时态～反义疑问句～代词～强调句～主谓一致～冠词～形容词及副词,、as的特殊用法。 专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气 一般说来～有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点, 考点1. 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用did(be用were)， 主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do; 考点2. 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用had done， 主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done; 例如: 43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‘t been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying 49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there. A. weren‘t B. hasn‘t been C. hadn‘t been D. wouldn‘t 考点3.与将来事实相反～ 从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。 例如: 43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年) • A. shall need C. would need • B. should need D. will need 考点4. 时态的交叉现象～也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段 例如: If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没 事了。 考点5.虚拟条件句if可以省略～但从句的语序要用到装～即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面形成倒装～但否定词not不前移。 例如: 65.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.,05年, • A. Hadn't he been taken good care of • B. Had he not been taken good care of • C. Had not he been taken good care of • D. Had he been not taken good care of 考点6. insist(一个坚持,,order command(两道命令,,suggest～ advise, propose,三条建议,,ask, require, request, demand(四点要求, 及相应的名词的从句～谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形 例如: 58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(04年) • A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 1 考点7.It is +advisable, essential important,, imperative, incredible,等等相关的从句～ 谓语要使用:should+动词原形或动词原形 例如: 46.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.,04年, • • 考点8.it is high(about) time that的结构中～从句使用一般过去式 例如: 54 It‘s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.,06年, A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点9.much as尽管～虽然～引导让步状语从句～从句中用would have done表示假设～可 以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉～真诚。 例如: 52. Much as ____, I couldn‘t lend him the money because I simply didn‘t have that much spare cash.,99年, A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to 考点10. if only表示要是…就好了相当 与wish, as if/as though 的用法。 与现在事实相反:动词过去式 与过去事实相反: had + done 与将来事实相反: could/would + do 例如: 52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you! ,06 年, A would B could C should D might 备考1. would rather或would sooner后跟宾语从句～从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟～表示“宁愿某人作某事” 例如: The manager would rather his daughter ____ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 备考2.用于lest,for fear that引导的状语从句。在lest, for fear that等引导的状语从句中～ 通常用"(should +)原形动词"这一虚拟语气形式 例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself. A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure 专四语法考点串讲之二 情态动词 考试中～情态动词部分重点测试以下 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 : (1)情态动词+行为动词完成式 (2)某些情态动词的特殊用法 1. must have v-ed must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事―一定‖发生了。其否定形式为:can‘t / couldn‘t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 例如: 2 Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 2. could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了 3. may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。 4.ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldn?t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示―责备‖、―不满‖，分别表示―本应该…‖和―本不应该…‖表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作 5.needn?t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事～但没有做的必要～ 意为“本没必要…”。 例如:You needn‘t have waken me up; I don‘t have to go to work today. 注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生 例:I didn‘t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m. *特殊用法 (1) can?t表示―不可能‖， may not 表示―不可以‖， mustn‘t(must not) 表示―不许可 禁止‖，needn't (need not) 表示―不必‖，dare not ，动词原形 表示―不敢‖ (2) must表推测 的否定现在式用can‘t ,过去式用couldn‘t (3)May I / we …,这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don‘t.或No, you mustn‘t. 例如: ―May we leave now?‖ ―No, you mustn‘t. You haven‘t finished your home work yet.‖ (4) need I / we …,这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn‘t (5)在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn‘t，而要用needn‘t或don‘t have to (6)May/might as well may……but….(表转折) (7) I wish to go home with you, may I? (8) Do help yourself to have fruit, won‘t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求) *情态动词短语的使用 would like to do… would rather do… would rather + 从句 would prefer to do... had better do... *情态动词: will(愿意), shall(将), must(必须), can, may, would, should(应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢)，have to(不得不) *dare, need 也可作一般(行为)动词 *情态动词一般用法的否定: mustn‘t 不准, 禁止，不要 can?t(couldn?t) 不会;不能; may (might) not 不可以; needn‘t 没必要 ( = don‘t have to ) used not,usedn‘t to或didn‘t use to… 过去不… dare not 不敢 *情态动词推测用法 Must 一定，肯定 can?t (couldn?t) 不可能 Can/ could 可能 Can?t (couldn?t) 不可能 may/ might ―可能，也许‖ May (might) not 也许不，可能不 3 *推断用法 should,ought to―按理应当，应该是; shouldn‘t 不应该 ( = ought not to ) *情态动词，have ，done结构表示对过去动作的推测 1. must have done:对过去的肯定推测，译作―一定做了…‖，只能用于肯定句中。 其否定形式为can?t, It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy 2. can/ could have done:对过去的可能性推测，译作―可能做了…‖。只能用疑问句中 Can,Could he have said it? 他可能说过那种话吗, 3. may / might have v-ed:对过去的可能性推测，译作―也许能，有可能。 It‘s too late. I think he may have gone to bed. *情态动词，have，过去分词结构表示轻微的责备和后悔 肯定:过去应该做而没有做; 否定:过去不该(不必)做而做了。 ? might,could，have，过去分词:―本来可以，早就应该‖ (只用于肯定句，且不能用may, can) You could have told me you were going to be late!.你应当早告诉我你会晚到的～ ? should(ought to)，have，过去分词:―本应‖(没做) should not(ought not to)，have，过去分词:―本不该‖(做了) You should not have handed in your composition yesterday morning.你本不应把作文交了。 You should have been here earlier.你应该早点来才对。 3. needn't，have，过去分词:―本不必，本不须‖(need只用于否定句)(做了) You needn't have woken her up. It's only six(你其实不必叫醒她。现在才六点。 注意:did not need to do 动作并没发生,没做, 例:I didn‘t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m. *八大注意点 1.在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may — Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you ________. A. may B. must C. might D. can 2. May I / we …,这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly;否定回答为Please don‘t.或No, you mustn‘t. 例如: ―May we leave now?‖ ―No, you mustn‘t. You haven‘t finished your home work yet.‖ 3. need I / we …,这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, we must; 否定回答为needn‘t 4. 在回答must引起的问题时，肯定must; 如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn‘t，而要用needn‘t 或don‘t have to 5. I wish to go home with you, may I? 6. Do help yourself to have fruit, won‘t you/ will you? (表示一种委婉的请求) 7.Shall 用于第三人称，表示许可，允许 8. let‘s do this job, shall we? Let us do this job, will you? 9. should 也表示惊讶的语气， 例如:I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(她竟然对你说那样的话,…) *四大特殊结构 1.may/ might as well + 动词原形‖意为―最好，满可以，倒不如‖，相当于had better You may as well do it at once. 2.may well + 动词原形‖是一种常见的结构，意为―(完全)能，很可能‖ 4 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子高兴。 3. cannot … too / enough 表示 ―无论怎么……也不算过分‖、―越……越好‖ You cannot be too careful. 4. had better 最好 You had better not wake me up when you come in. *两大类区别: 一、表示能力: can, be able to be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力 *was / were able to : ―设法做成某事‖ 相当于 managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth. 二、used to 和would 的区别 used to过去常常(但现在已无此习惯，would无此含义) He used to drink beer, now he drinks wine.他过去喝啤酒，现在喝白酒。 would只能用来谈动作;used to用来谈动作或状态(可与be, live, like, stay等状态动词连用): He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在乡下时总是早起。 We used to live in a small town.(不能用would) Be used to doing sth: 习惯于做某事 专四语法考点串讲之三 非谓语动词 ? 非谓语动词是历年专四测试的重中之重～每年 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 一般一到两道,1-2分,。 ? 命题特点 1. 非谓语动词的时态与语态, 2. 非谓语动词的否定式, 3. 动词不定式的各种形式及应用, 4. -ing结构的各种形式及应用, 5. -ed结构在句中的不同用法, 6.非谓语动词作状语、宾语等的辨析, 7.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。 【非谓语动词基础知识 】一个句子当中～已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下～ 需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分。 动词不定式; 现在分词; 过去分词; 动名词 I(不定式的时态及语态 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或 进行式 to be doing 表示谓语的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行 完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生 用途: 表将来 表某一次具体的动作 表目的 5 I have a lot work to do; I do not like to dance; To learn English well, I practice more. 2. 动名词 一般式 doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having done having been done 在谓语动作之前 用途: 抽象、习惯性, his hobby is painting; I am proud of being a Chinese, 3.分词的时态和语态 现在分词 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 done 用途: 现在分词: 主动、进行、令人……的 过去分词: 被动、完成、 感到……的 The swimming boy is Tom. (主动、进行, the room facing south,主动, The film is disappointing. Tom is disappointed,令人……的)/(感到) Look at the broken glass.(被动、完成) 注意* 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_ *如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生～有时需要用动词的完成时态。 ? 考点一 不定式做结果状语的固定搭配 too +adj/adv to do～ so +adj/adv as to do ～ such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。 ? 考点二―使……怎么样”之类的动词 amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move, relax, satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify, worry，它们的ing形式表示主动～而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下“人”用过去分词～“物”用ing形式。 *考点三 除。.之外的介词but except,前面有行为动词do时～不定式不带to,否则带to. *考点四 why not do sth (为何不做某事) ? 固定搭配 cannot / hardly / never / scarcely too …to… ―越……越好,无论……也/都不过分‖。 You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。 can?t (help/choose) but 不得不,只能,不禁 I cannot help but tell her the truth. 我只能告诉她真相。 *解题思路:看似纷繁复杂的各种非谓语动词考题实际上是有解题规律可寻的, 非谓语动词解题四步曲: 一、首先抓住主谓结构～确定主句 没有连接词 只有一个主语 6 二、分析主动被动 分析语态就是在确定主语之后～分析非谓语动词和主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。 三、分析动作先后 要考虑动作发生的时间先后～即时态。 独立主格 独立主格: 句中没有连接词～逗号分开两个句子～存在两个主语 形式:名词/代词，分词 在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为: 独立主格的分类: (1) -ING分词(还有-ED分词)短语作状语时～有自己独立的逻辑上的―主语‖。相当于各种形式的状语～表示一种伴随的动作或情况,或表原因 There being nothing more for discussion,the meeting was over half an hour earlier. (2).介词, with,+名词+形容词～副词+现在分词或过去分词～表示陪村行动做或补充说明 例如:He lay on his back, with his arm behind his head ,3,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等, 例如: He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴随情况) The shower being over, we continued to march. (时间) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) Weather permitting, we‘ll have an outing tomorrow. (条件) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The composition written, he handed it to the teacher. 专四语法考点串讲之三—不定式、动名词作宾语,非谓语补充, *常跟不定式做宾语的词 三个w、h、c ～ 二a领着四d 、p, 一r 、m～二l、b, 外加三个o, u, e。 3 w: want(想要), wish(希望), wait(等待) 3h: hope(希望), help(帮忙), hesitate(犹豫) 3c: care(愿意), choose(选择), claim(声称) 7 2a:agree(同意), afford(担负得起), 4d: dare(敢于), demand(要求), determine(决定), decide(决定) 4p: plan(计划), pretend(假装), promise(允诺), prepare(准备) 1r: refuse(拒绝) 1m: manage (设法) 2l: learn(学会), long(渴望) 2b: beg(乞求), bear(忍受) 1o: offer(提出) 1u: undertake(答应,同意) 1e:expect(希望) *接不带to的不定式的特殊动词 一感:feel 二听:listen to; hear 三让:make, have, let 四看:watch, see, look at, observe 被动句里to还原。 *接不定式作宾语～动名词作宾语均可～且意思基本不变的词 双方一旦开始(begin, start),无论喜欢(love, like, prefer )与否(hate, dislike)～都得继续(continue) 下去。都不能企图,attempt,忽视,neglect,开始的爱,love,。习惯也好～害怕也好～难 以容忍( can‘t bear/ stand/ endure)也好。 *可以动名词作宾语～也可用不定式作宾语～意思却不同的词 四“记”力争不后悔 ?四―记‖ (记住)remember,(忘记)forget, (计划/打算)mean, (继续)go on, ?力争:try ?不后悔: stop regret ?remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事 ?forget to do sth 忘了要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事, ?mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着～就是 ?go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 ?try to do sth 试图做某事～ try doing sth. 尝试做某事 ?stop to do sth 停下来做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。 ?regret to do sth 对要发生的事表示―遗憾‖～ regret doing sth.对发生过的事表示―后悔‖。 *常接动名词做宾语的词 MP\2r\ café\ disk ,military policeman, 宪兵带着2把手枪在咖啡馆里看光盘 M指mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及) 8 P指prevent, postpone, practice 2r指risk(冒险), resist(抵制) c指consider(考虑, a指admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), f指 fancy(幻想), finish(完成)～feel like(喜欢) e指enjoy(享受), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) d指delay(延迟), deny(否认), detest(痛恨) i指imagine(想象) s指suggest(建议) k指keep(保持) *介词后的ing have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事 succeed in doing sth… 成功做某事 give up doing sth 放弃做某事 prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止…做… spend/waste time /money in doing 在做…方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱 how /what about doing sth 做…怎么样了, Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在…方面有些困难 There is no sense in doing (做…是没有理由的 Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人 *to是介词～不是不定式标志～接动名词做介词to 的宾语 • apply oneself to 致力于 • be accustomed to 习惯于 • confess to 供认 • come to 谈到 • devote oneself to 献身于 • get down to 着手做 • give way to 对…让步 • lead to 导致 • look forward to 期待 next to 几乎 12. object to 反对 13. pay attention to 注意 14. stick to 坚持 15. stand up to 勇敢面对 16. turn to 求助于 17. be used to 习惯于 * 用于“be+过去分词+to”结构中的过去分词 常见的有: accustomed/used,习惯, addicted,沉溺于, astonished,惊讶, devoted,致力于, 9 determined,决定, engaged,订婚, exposed,遭受, known,已知, married,结婚, opposed,反对, prepared,准备, related,相关, * 用于“be+过去分词+with”结构中的过去分词 常见的有: armed,配备, connected,相关, covered,覆盖, crowded,挤满, faced,面对, fed up,厌烦, filled,充满, pleased,高兴, satisfied,满意, tired,劳累, *用于“be+过去分词+in”结构中的过去分词 常见的有: absorbed,全神贯注, engaged,从事, involved,参与, lost,陷入, seated,坐在, situated/located,位于 *用于“be+过去分词+of” 结构中的过去分词 常见的有: convinced,相信, informed,了解, tired,厌烦, *几组易错的现在分词、过去分词 lie vi. lay lain lying 躺 lie v. lied lied lying 撒谎 lay vi. laid laid laying 放,下蛋 found vt. founded founded 成立 find vt. found found 发现 Wind wound wound 盘旋 蜿蜒 Wound wounded wounded 受伤 rise vi rose risen 上升 raise vt. raised raised 上升 fall vi. fell fallen 落下 fell vt. Felled felled 砍 feel vt. felt felt 摸,感觉 hang vi hung hung 悬挂 10 hang vt. hanged hanged 绞死 light vt. lit ,一般作谓语, light lighted ,作定语, 燃着的 burn vt. /vi burnt 烧焦的～ burning 正在燃烧的 专四语法考点串讲之四 复合句 一、 定语从句 五大概念: 概念一、什么是定语从句, 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。 在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。 概念二、关系词有哪些, 1、关系代词:which(指sth 作主语或宾语)，that(指sb或sth 作主语或宾语)，who(指sb作主语或宾语)，whom(指sb作宾语)，whose(指sb或sth，作定语),as(指sb,sth 作主语或宾语); 注意: 做宾语的时候～ 关系代词可以省略。 2、关系副词:when(指时间 on which)，where(指地点 at which)，why(指原因 for which) 概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用, 1.引导定语从句; 2.代替先行词; 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法, 主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 Focus in: , 方法一:句子成份法:关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语;关系副词在从句中作状语。 , 方法二:句子完整法:关系代词引导的定语从句不完整;关系副词引导的定语从句 是完整的。 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 A. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“(((的” 通常译成主句的并列句。 在非限制性定语从句中，通常用who, whom, whose 指人，用 which 指物。 Eg. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.(意含:她还有其他哥哥。) Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。(意含: 她只有一个哥哥。) 五大考点: 五大考点: 考点一. 先行词为人时引导词who和that a. 用who不用that的情况: 11 (1)当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practice more. b. 用that不用who的情况: 1)当主句已经出现who时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. 考点二. 先行词为物时引导词that和which a.只用that不用which 的情况: (1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词 (2)先行词既有人又有物。 (3)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。 (4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰 (5)关系代词在从句中作表语( (6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中 (7) 主句是there be句型: This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. China is no longer the country that it used to be. All that can be done has been done. He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad. This is the very book that I am looking for. Who is the man that is talking to Jim? There is a man that lives in that village. b.只能用which不用that的情况: 1.介词后面 2.逗号后面 1. 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which 2. 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which, 其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分. (1) The machine, which I have looked after for many year, is still working perfectly. (2)My glasses, without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. 考点三:?????介词+关系代词 (which/ whom) **** 关系代词前介词的确定方法: 1. 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。 Eg. The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. 2.非限制性定语从句中，表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构， e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing. 3. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词‖型，whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同， 即whose+n=the +n + of which =of which + the + n. e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south. Of which the door open to the south. 考点四:关系副词的运用 ? 先行词为―时间的名词‖用when:time(day, night, morning, week, month, year等)，when… 12 Eg. I don‘t remember the day when he left.(on which) ? 先行词为―表示地点的名词‖ ????? where:place(case, point, situation, condition, scene, stage, country, room, house, hotel, museum, school, street等)，where… Eg. That is the house where he lived two years ago. (In which) ? 先行词为―表示原因的名词‖why:reason，why…(表示原因的名词只有一个) That's the reason why I helped him.(why =for which) 考点五:????? as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such , as或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. That‘s the same tool as I used last week. I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。 3. 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。 Eg.Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 三大区别: 1.the same... as 和 the same ...that的用法辨异. That‘s the same tool as I used last week.(同类事物) That‘s the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。(指原物) 2. 定语从句与强调句型的区别 判断是否是强调结构的方法是采用删除法 分析:强调句句型:It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分(去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。 ?It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport( ?It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works( 3、定语从句与习惯句型的区别 ?It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai( (It is,was the first,second ( time ，that从句) ?It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life( 三大注意: 1. the way 做先行词时～定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。 2. 定语从句中主谓一致问题:从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊) 3.疑问句的解题思路 :先把疑问句还原成陈述句～然后判断谁是先行词～再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分～最后确定正确 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。 1. Is this factory ____ we visited last week? 2. Is this the factory ____ we visited last Week? A、where B、that C、to which D、the one ??小试牛刀 That is the factory where produces 100,000TV sets a year. That is the factory that his father once worked. I‘ll never forget the days when we spent on that lonely island. 13 I‘ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party. 二、状语从句 一:时间状语从句 ,～连词:when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as ，every time, the moment, no sooner ..than hardly…when等 the minute， ,(五大考点: 考点 ? when VS while VS as ? 当….的时候 ?当…的时候 ? 当….的时候 when while as ?一边….一边…. ?趁着…时候 ? 随着… 考点 ? till / until “直到….为止” Eg. Mother waited for Tom till/ until it was far into the night. ( 持续性动词) Eg. Tom didn‘t get back till / until everything was all right.(短暂性动词) 考点? when 的两个句型 Sb is about to do sth when / Sb is doing sth when since“ 自从” 考点 ? 句型:it is/ has been +一段时间，since +从句 Eg. it is three days since I left Beijing. It has been 10 years since I smoked. 考点 ? No sooner than/ hardly ..when/ scarcely..when 一 .就..用于句首要求倒装 Eg. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. ?几种特殊句型结构的区别: (1)It is/was + 时刻 + when从句―某事发生时是什么时候。‖ (2)It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句―自从……以来有多长时间了。‖ (3)It will/would be + 时间段 + before 从句―还要过多长时间……才……‖ (4)It will/would not be + 时间段 + before 从句―过不了多长时间……就会……‖ (5)It was + 时间段 + before从句―过了多长时间才……‖ (6)It was not + 时间段 + before从句―没过多长时间就……‖ 二、条件状语从句 1,连接词:if , unless( 如果..不，除非), so/as long as(只要), on condition that(条件是)，as (so) far as ( 据..所知), provided that(要是，如果)， in case(假使，如果)，等 ,(两大考点: 考点 ? Once --- 一但……就…… Eg. Once you see him, you will never forget him. 考点 ? In case --- 假使, 如果 The plane cannot take off in case it rains. 三～原因状语从句 1～连接词: Because, since, as(放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于), when(既然), considering that(顾及到---), seeing that(由于)。(都表示原因，语气依次减弱) 2～考试聚焦 考点一、Because VS since VS for 14 Because: 表示―因为‖，表示直接的或明确的原因; Since: 表示―既然‖， 表示已知或显然的原因; for : 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充 解释、说明，不放在句首。 Eg: It was because his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy. Since everyone makes mistakes in life, you needn‘t scold him for it. The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 考点二、 when 既然 Eg. How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 四～让步状语: 1.连接词:though/although(虽然), as /though(虽然), even if/though(即使)whatever(无论什么), wherever(无论哪里), while (尽管)等引导。 2～考试聚焦: 考点一:though/although 不与but 连用, 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的 考点二:while 尽管 eg. While I have sympathy for you, I can‘t help you. 考点三:Whether ---不管～常与or not 连用 Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad. 考点四:no matter +疑问词相当于疑问词+ever: 不管…都… 五、地点状语从句: where/ wherever ,wherever --- 无论哪里, 考点聚焦:地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别: Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。 Eg. Where there is a will, there is a way. This is the factory where my father works. 六、结果状语从句 1. 连接词: so that(=in order to 因而,, so…that.,太..以至于)，such…that,太…以至于) 2.考试聚焦:考点句型 (1) so + 形容词/副词+ that从句; (2) such a/an + 形容词+可数名词单数+that从句; (3) so + 形容词+ a/an + 可数名词单数+that从句; (4)such + 形容词+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 七、目的状语从句 1. 连接词:so that,以便,, in order that,为了,, for fear that(为了防止), lest(以防) Eg. He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. 八、比较状语从句 (倍数+the depth/height/width/weight of ) 1. 连接词:A. ….as…as… B. ….adj. + -er than… C. the more…the more… Eg. This work is not as easy as you think The more you work, the more you earn. He runs faster than i. The room is twice as big as that one. The room is twice bigger than that one. The room is twice the size of that one. The well is three times the depth of that one. ? While 的总结用法:1. 当…的时候;2. 而，却;3. 趁着;4. 只要;5.虽然，尽管。 专四语法考点串讲之五 倒装句 ?倒装考点口诀 15 倒装两大类～全倒部分倒, 主倒从不倒; 全倒分两种:副词、地点介短在句首; 部分倒装分六种: 否定副词在句首～only加状在句首～ so ... that结构so提前～承前否定/肯定neither nor/so, 状语从句as/ though～省去if虚拟 句 一、全部倒装 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副词开头的句子里。 (1) The birds flew away. ?Away flew the birds. (2) The rain came down. ?Down came the rain. 2. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 ,1,山脚下有一个美丽的湖。At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. ,2,教室外面站着一个男孩。Outside the classroom stood a boy. 二、部分倒装 1. Only+状语位于句首时 (1) He only found it important to get along with others then. ?Only then did he find it important to get along with others. We can only make great progress in this way. ?Only in this way can we make great progress. 2. 否定副词及短语位于句首时。 常考的这类词或词语有:not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 。 I have never seen such a beautiful place. ?Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 3. 在省略if的虚拟条件从句中。 ,1,如果我是你～我会努力学习。 Were I you, I would work hard. ,2,如果明天下雨的话～我们就延迟会议。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. ,3,假如他听从了我的建议～他早就 成功了。 Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. 4、so\ neither\ nor 位于句首的情况。 1.So + 助动词 +主语 …也一样。So + 主语 + 助动词 …确实如此。 2.Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句～表示― 也不～也没有‖。 Neither\ Nor +助动词+主语 5、as/though引导的让步状语从句 名词\形容词\副词\动词+as\though+主语+其他 6、 在“so + adj./adv. + that…”句式中～将“so + adj./adv. ”放在句首时的倒装。 So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English. ?特殊倒装句型: not only … but also… 句式的倒装 Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. (前倒后不倒) 考点倒装四注意: 16 1、as/ though从句的表语是名词～倒装后其名词前不加任何冠词 ; As he is a child---child as he is 2、if 虚拟句 Were it not...或者Had it not been..., 但不可以说Weren‘ t it... 或者hadn‘t it been...,not 不提前, 3、承前肯定so, 只能指定一件事情～两件事情用 so it is(the same) with sb 4、So + 助动词 +主语:也一样 So + 主语 + 助动词:的确如此 专四语法考点串讲之六 小语法点 一、反义疑问句的考点聚焦: 1)陈述部分的主语是I～疑问部分要用 aren't I. I am a student, aren‘t I 2)陈述部分的谓语是wish～疑问部分要用may +主语 I wish to have a word with you, may I? 3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时～疑问部分用肯定含义。 Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 4) 否定前缀不能视为否定词～其反意疑问句仍用否定形式It is impossible, isn't it? 5)must在表示"推测"时～根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be a doctor, isn't he? You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 6)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句～疑问部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ? 7) 复合句的反疑疑问句 A .带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定: He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? B上述部分主句谓语是I /we think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I don't think he is bright, is he? 二、主谓一致的考点聚焦 1,“就远原则”“主语，介词短语等”作主语 在―A +(with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B‖结构中，谓语动词的单复数与之B一致。 2,就近原则neither…nor…, (either)…or…, not only…but also…, not…but…等并列结构作主语时采取就近原则:谓语动词的数由与其最接近的那个主语的数决定。 3,“a / the number of，复数名词”作主语 表示―…的数量‖的―the number of +复数名词‖作主语时，谓语动词用单数;表示―一些 / 许多…‖的―a number of +复数名词‖作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 4). more than one + __/ Many a + ___ / Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half + 谓语动词用单数。 注意:more 复数名词+than one 用复数～More members than one are against your plan. 5,.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式。 注意:整体看待:bread and butter bread and cheese a knife and fork a cart and horse needle and thread law and order fish and chips meat and potatoes 例如: Truth and honesty is the best policy( 注意:adj. + and + adj. + 不可数名词,复数名词 ， 谓语,复数, 17 Eg. Chinese (beer) and French beer are served here. 6,.表达时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值,算式的短语通常接动词的单数形式。 eg. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise( 7,.如果主语由“the，形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时, 谓语通常用复数, 8).由what引导的主语从句～谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的内容是复数意义时～谓语动词 通常用复数. Eg. What we need are good textbooks. 9).people, police, cattle, militia, 是复数名词, 接动词复数形式。Peoples指民族。 sheep , deer, fish , means, aircraft works单复数同形; clothes +复数动词 10) All 指人～用复数动词,all指物～用单数动词。 11). 集合名词指整体时～用单数代词,指由不同的人组成的集合时～用复数代词。 audience couple family public class crowd government staff (全体职员) committee group team crew(船,飞机全体工作人员)company 12). 书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式～其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 三、强调句的考点聚焦 1. 强调句结构: It is/was+被强调部分+that引导的从句 2. 强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who。 Was it she who said it like that? 是她那样说的吗, 3.强调句型的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问+is/was +it+ that/who。―究竟是谁…，到底在哪里…… What was it that started the big fire in the building? 到底是什么原因引起那栋大楼的大火, 注意1:当强调not…until结构时～须将not until连用～后面接肯定式。 It is/was not until+时间+that…～“正是直到……才……”。 It was not until at that time that I realized what trouble he was in. 直到那个时候我才意识到他有什么麻烦。 注意二:强调句和定语从句区分 It was in the house that he was born.(强) It was the house where he was born.(定) 区分方法:将句子中的―It was… that( when/ where)…‖ 结构去掉: 如若还能成完整的句子～则为强调句,如若不能成完整的句子～则为定语从句。 四、连词与介词 考点聚焦一、并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore等。重点:常用的几组并列连词 1、and组表示联合关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。如: Let‘s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。 2.but组表示转折和对照关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:however, still, yet ,while, nevertheless。如: He hasn‘t arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过会儿来。 3、or组 表示选择关系。属于这一组的并列连词还有:or else, otherwise, neither…nor, either…or等。如: We‘ll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。 4、so组 表示因果关系的连接词还有:so(that),for, therefore, thus, then等。如: He has broken his leg and therefore he can‘t walk.他摔伤了腿，因此不能走路。 考点聚焦二、at, as, to, by, on, in, of, with, like, along, for, over, up, through, across, except, but, besides, beside, near等。 重点:常用的介词 18 1、常见介词by的用法。介词by含义较丰富，主要有:靠，凭借，在……旁边等含义。可有by oneself单独，靠自己;by and by不久以后，不一会儿，连续不断地，立刻;by and large总的说来。 ??2、常见介词with引导的复合结构。with的复合结构，也叫with引导的独立主格结构。由with(也可省略)+名词/代词+现在或过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语或副词构成。它相当于一个状语从句，表示行为方式/伴随状况/时间/原因或条件。(更口语话) with his hand still raised; with a book in his hand( book in hand); With him sitting next to her，she felt safe.(he sitting next to her, she felt safe.) Eg. He sat at the table, his nose red, collar off, head down, and pen in position。(独立主格) 3、常见表示时间的on的用法。与时间搭配的介词须注意:在具体某星期几及具体某天的上午、下午和晚上等都用介词on。 4、常见介词as的用法。as作为介词，可表示―充当，作为，如同‖。 5、常见over的用法。介词over有―在……之上，过之，多于‖意思。 五、形容词、副词考点聚焦 考点聚焦一、何时形容词后臵: (1)修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等时，例: There is something difficult in this book. (2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语的时候。例: This is a student worth of praise. (3)用and或or连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调修饰的作用。例: They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern. (4)形容词同表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面。例:The pipe is twelve feet long. 考点聚焦二、ly结尾的形容词:名词+ly结尾构成的词常作形容词。 friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。 考点聚焦三、同根副词辨析: 1)close接近地 closely 仔细地，密切地(2)free免费地 freely 自由地，无拘束地 3)hard 努力地 hardly几乎 (4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来 5)most 极，非常 mostly 主要地 (6)wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地 7)high 高 highly 高度地，非常地 8)loud 大声的 loudly大声地(含有喧闹意思) 9)deep 深，迟 deeply 抽象意义上的―深‖(10)near 邻近 nearly 几乎 考点聚焦四、比较等级的常见句型: (1)as+原级+ as(as+原级+a/an+单数可数名词+ as)，其否定形式为not as/so+原级+ as (2)比较级+than+比较对象(less+原级+比较对象) (3)比较级+and+比较对象或more and more +原级 (4)the+比较级…，the+比较级… (5)the+比较级+of the two (6)the+最高级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词 (7)be one of/among+ the+最高级+复数名词 (8)the last+原级(+单数可数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词 考点聚焦五、比较等级的修饰语: (1)修饰原级:fairly, quite, rather, so, very, too等。 (2)修饰比较级:much, even, far, rather, still, any, no(而不用very, quite, fairly，Greatly)，a bit, a little, a head, two metres, a great deal. a lot , by far等。 考点聚焦六、某些以a-开首的形容词只能作表语,不能作定语。 19 如:afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等 考点聚焦七、如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such;注意:little不表示数量而表示―小‖的意思时,仍用such。 考点聚焦八、almost与nearly的用法区别:在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。 Eg. I'm not nearly ready. I almost never see her. ? 形容词排序:好美小高状其新～彩色国料特别亲 ???特殊结构: 1.A is to B what / as X is Y ; A+倍数或几分之几 as + adj. / adv. + as +B. 2.inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to; 六、代词的考点聚焦 考点一、both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法比较 两者 both(两者都) either(任何一个) neither(两者都不) 三者或三者以上 all (都) any (任何) none ( 都不) 考点二、none,of,, no one (nobody), nothing的用法比较 考点三、every, each的用法比较 Each:两者或两者以上/ Every:三者或三者以上 考点四、another, other, the other, others, the others another用于泛指三者以上中的―另一个‖ other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词 the other两者中的―另一个‖,是特指 others泛指―其他人‖或―其他物‖= other + 名复 the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部 考点五、it, one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those It:表同类同物表单数 one :表同类但不同物,表单数，可用形容词修饰，泛指 ones:表同类但不同物,表复数，可用形容词修饰，泛指 the one :表同类但不同物,表特指，表单数 that:表同类但不同物, 指代单数或不可数 the ones / those:表同类不同物，表特指，表复数 专四语法考点串讲之七 As 的用法、比较级的用法及隐含比较级 一、as的用法: 1. 原级比较一般结构 as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; Eg: The work is not as difficult as you think. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as, those outside the pinelands. 2. as引导的非限制性定语从句位臵较灵活～可以位于主句前面(中间或后面～一般用逗号与主句隔开～但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。as可引导非限制性从句～常带有„正如?。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one?s health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one‘s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语,例2中～它充当从句的主语～谓语动词 20 know要用被动式。 3. 尽管～虽说(引起让步状语从句) Eg. Intelligent as she was, she had not much insight. 尽管她很聪明，但她没眼力。 4. As much as 达到,和,。。。,一样,的程度 5. as(so) far as 就……而论～据……(引导方式状语从句) 6. So as to 为的是以便 7. Such as to 以致 8. as(so) long as 只要(=only if 引导条件状语从句) 9. as soon as 一…就(引导时间状语从句) 10. as well (as) 也～以及～还,和,不仅(连接并列成分或从句) 二、比较级的用法归纳 1. more than 其含义为: ―不仅是～ 非常～ 十分‖等～ 用法和意义较多。 more …than 其含义可以是: ―与其说……不如说～ 不是……而是‖ 2. no more than not more than a. He has no more than five dollars on him. 他身上仅有5美元。(强调少) b. He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上带的钱不超过仅有5美元。(强调数额少于5美元) 3. no more … than not more … than a. He is no more diligent than you. 他不勤奋～你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋) (含有消极否定的意思) b. He is not more diligent than you. 他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋～但你更勤奋) (含有积极、肯定的意思～表示程度上的差异, 4. no less than = as much as 意为:“竟有…之多～多达”强调多 not less than 意为“不少于～至少”～可观地描述 no less … than 前后均为肯定～含有惊奇的感情色彩。可译为:“是…是～ 正是～ 和 … 一样～ 多达～应有…之多” a. His son has read no less than 50 English books. 他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。(强调多) b. His son has read not less than 50 English books. 他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。(不强调多或少) 5. hardly more than用来表示“仅仅”。 Eg. The little man was hardly more than one meter fifty high. 这个小个子男人仅有1.5米高. 6. 在 more … than 结构中～ than 有时可看作关系代词～相当于than what… Eg. There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today. (Than = than what…) 人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症 7. no other than 只有～正是。它常用来加强语气～多用于书面语。 Eg. The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himself. 结果是～那个杀人犯不是别人～正是巡官自己。 8. no better than 和……一样～实际上等于(practically the same as) Eg.A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind. 不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。 9. most 大多数的意思; most of某个范围中的大多数。 21 10. better …than 与其说……倒不如说。 Eg. Certain programs work better for some than for others. 某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然。 11. more likely … than 比较结构 Eg.There are few electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future 很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧。 12. so much as用在否定句中:与其说～不如说 Eg. The trumpet player was certainly loud. but I wasn't bothered by his loudness so much as his lack of talent. 演奏者吹得声音很大～但是我不是被他的噪声打搅～而是因他缺乏天赋而生气。 13.other than意思是:不同于～除……之外,rather than意思是:而不是。 三、隐含比较级 inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior +to 1) prior to 较早的～较重要的 The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 2)superior to优越～高于 In math he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。 3)inferior to 下等的～次的 4) senior to 年长的～地位高的,junior年幼的～地位低的～迟的 He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。 5,preferable to 更好的 Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。 6) prefer…to 更倾向于… prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do rather than do 真题再现篇 专四语法真题再现之一 虚拟语气 历年考题 58. It was recommended that passengers ___ smoke during the flight.(94) A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 62. ___you were busy, I wouldn‘t have bothered you with my questions.(94) A. If I realized B. Had I realized B.I realized that D. As I realized 65. ____, he would not have recovered so quickly.95 A. Hadn't he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‘t been quite such a crowd of people there.96 A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed d. will be enjoying 43. He left orders that nothing ____ touched until the police arrived here.97 A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 51. I was to have made a speech if ________.97 22 A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away 43. If your car __ A. shall need C. would need B. should need D. will need 49. If you have really been studying English for so ling, it‘s about time you ______ able to write letters in English.99 A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 52. Much as _______, I couldn‘t lend him the money because I simply didn‘t have that much spare cash. 99 A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.00 A. weren‘t B. hasn‘t been C. hadn‘t been D. wouldn‘t 50. _____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.02 A. Had it not been B. Hadn‘t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 51.‖What courses are you going to do next semester?‖02 ―I don‘t know. But it‘s about time _____on something.‖ A. I‘d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I‘m deciding 44.____ if I had ar 46.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.04 A. hand in B. wo 51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 60. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it‘s high time we ________ strong actions against him.05 A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take 63.________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. 05 A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had 专四语法真题再现之二 情态动词 历年考题 历年考题: 59. ―She must be in the dormitory now. ‖―No, she ___ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago.‖(94) 23 A. mustn‘t B. can‘t C. couldn‘t D. wouldn‘t 64. He ___ the 8:20 bus because he didn‘t leave home till 8:25.(94) A. 55. The meeting's been cancelled. Ann ____all that work.95 A. need to do B. need have C. needn't have done D. needed not to do 62. We could ____him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.95 A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided 49. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______so formally.96 A. need not have dressed up B. must not have dressed up C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up 52. You ___ Mark anythi A. needn‘t have told B. needn‘t tell C. mustn‘t have told D. mustn‘t tell 48. He _______ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.99 A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act 48. You _________ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.00 A. needn‘t have told B. needn‘t C. mustn‘t have told D. mustn‘t tell 57.I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days.05 A. must take B. must have made C. was able to make D. could make 56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.06 A ought to have B must have C may have D should have 57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.06 A that you should think B by what you are thinking C that you would think D with what you were thinking 专四语法真题再现之三 非谓语 历年考题 历年考题: 4 A. 42. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ___ by the police each time.99 A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured 43. Professor Johnson is said ___ some signi41. After ___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager‘s office.99 A. that B. there C. what D. it 51. _________ is not a serious disadvantage in life.01 A. To be not tall B. Not to be tall C. Being not tall D. Not being tall 46. AIDS is said _____the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.02 A. being B. to be C. to have been d. having been 57. The country‘s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars ___ the most important of 24 B. have been B. are C. being D. are being 51.______no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom. 96 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 45. There _________ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.00 A. to be B. to have been C. being D. won‘t 45.If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all C. be treated D. having been treated 48.The Minister of Finance is 63 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.06 A not counting B not to count C don‘t count D having not counted 55. ___ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.(94) 45.He wasn‘t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ____insufficiently popular with all members.96 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered d. being considered 51. _________ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn‘t seem so gloomy.00 A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look 52. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder ____out and three men climbing down it.(95) A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 63. This missile is designed so that once ____nothing can be done to retrieve it.95 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 45. ___, he can now only watch it on TV at home.98 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match C. a lot o 专四语法真题再现之四 复合句 历年考题 历年考题 58.I was very much mistaken, ____there was something wrong with Louise.95(条件) A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 41.You won‘t get a loan _________ you can offer some security.96(条件) A. lest B. in case C. unless D. other than 42. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _________ left untreated.00(条件) 25 A. after B. if C. since D. unless 46.______,he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.97(让步) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions 48.___ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.98 (让步) 51. ______, he always tries his best to complete it on time.99(让步) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 46. _________ I sympathize, I can not really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.01(让步) A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even 48. Fool _____Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.02(让步) A. who B. as C. that D. like 48.Come and see me whenever __________.97(时间) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you 46. _________ I sympathize, I can not really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.01(让步) A. As long as B. As C. While D. Even 41. She did her work _____her manager had instructed.02(方式) A. as B. until C. when D. though 52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.05(让步) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist 47. The team can handle whatever _____.97 A. that needs handling B. which needs handling C. it needs handling D. needs to be handled 41. After ___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager‘s office.99 A. that B. there C. what D. it 43.The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood- A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever A. as were B. as they are C. as they were D. as are 45.The physicist has made a discovery, ____ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.97 A. I think which is B. that I think is C. which I think is D. which I think it is 50. I have never been to London, but that is the city_________.97 A. where I like to visit most B. I‘d most like to visit 26 C. which I like to visit mostly D. where I‘d like most to visit 42. She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar A. 47. I‘ve never been to Lhasa, but that‘s the city _____.99A A. I‘d most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. I‘d like much to visit 50. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _________ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.00D A. whose B. as C. what D. that 45. We‘ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _____should make great differences in our life next summer.02A A. which B. what C. that D. they 44(This company has now introduced a policy _______ pay rises are related to performance at work.96 A. which B. where C. whether D. what 44. There is no doubt_____ the company has made the right decision on the sales project.01 A. why B. that C. whether D. when 44. Have you ever been in a situation _____you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?02 A. by which B. that C. in where D. where 专四语法真题再现之五 倒装 历年考题: 56.So badly___ in the car accident 61. He is not under arrest, ____any restriction on him.95 A. or the police have placed B. or have the police placed C. nor the police have placed D. nor have the police placed 50. Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than ____ Eastern Nebraska.96 A. in B. it receives in C. Being D. There being 50.____ both sides accept the agreem 专四语法真题再现之六 小语法 历年考题 1. 时态, 历年考题: 41. How can I ever concentrate if you ____continually ____ me with silly questions? 97 A. have …interrupted B. had… interrupted C. are… interrupting D. were…interrupting 44.Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ____for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.97 A. has worked B. works C. has been working D. is working 43. For some time now, world leaders _____out the necessity for agreement of arms reduction.02 A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed 27 54.James has just arrived, but I didn‘t know he _________ until yesterday.05 A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 55._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.05 A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 2.平行结构, 历年考题: 43. The central provinces have floods in some years, and _________.00 A. drought in others B. droughts are others C. while other droughts D. others in drought 42.Even as a girl, ______to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.01 A. performing by Melissa were B. it was known that Melissa‘s performances were C. knowing that Melissa‘s performances were D. Melissa knew that performing was 3.省略句, 历年考题, 41. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ________.00 A. do B. hear C. do them D. hearing it 4.冠词: 历年考题, 60.___ human problems that repeat themselves in ___ life repeat themselves in ___ A. /,/,the B. /,the,/ C. The, /,/ D. The, the, the 54. The idea of traveling through ____space to other planets interests many people today.95 A. a B. the C. / D. one 5.强调句型, 历年考题, 56. It was not until midnight ____the snowcapped peak.95 A. that they sighted B. that they did not sight C. did they sight D. had they sighted 6.特殊用法, 历年考题, 59. He prefers____.95 A. to write his letters rather than dictating them B. to write his letters rather than dictate them C. writing his letters rather than dictate them D. writing his letters rather than have dictated them 42._________time, he will make a first-class tennis player.96 51. ___ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this 50. He‘s ______ as a ―bellyacher‖ – he‘s always complaining about something.99 A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known 28 45. Intellect is to the mind ____ sight is to the body .01 A. what B. as C. that D. like 7,附加疑文句(反意疑问句), 历年考题, 60. You and I could hardly understand, ____?95 A. could I B. couldn't you C. couldn't we D. could we 42. When you have finished with that video tape, don‘t forget to put it in my drawer,____?97 A. do you B. will you C. don‘t you D. won‘t you 44. Do help yourself to some fruit, _________ you?00 A. can‘t B. don‘t C. wouldn‘t D. won‘t 8,主谓一致, 历年考题: 51.Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave 专四语法真题再现之七 as的特殊用法及比较结构 历年考题 历年考题: 65. ___ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion A. 64. ____the two, Bob is____student.95 A. Of, more diligent B. In, more diligent C. Of , the more diligent D. In, the more diligent 48. ___ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.9 44. Fat cannot change into muscle _____ muscle changes into fat.99 A. any more than B. no more than C. no less than D. much more than 45. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.99 A. but B. nor C. as D. like 46.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals____ in Africa. 96 A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted 41. John is ___ hardworking A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so 44.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than _.98 A. is necessary B. being necessary C. to be necessary D. it is ne 46. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _________ in the public mind today.99 A. exists B. exist C. existing D. to exist 49. The experiment requires more money than _____.02 A. have been put in B. being put in 29 C. has been put in D. to the put in 41.That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn‘t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack 47.The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the 53.His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.05 A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to 注意词的用法: quite 完全,彻底 例: I arrived at the airport so late that I quite missed the plane. Carry 包含具有 All our products carry 12 months guarantee. Slim 渺小 The chance is slim. Make a bid for 出价买,企图获得 Indicative of表明 Take offence 生气 Be concerned in 与…有牵连 Inform of notify of acquaint with reaction to have intention of 有打算 adapt ….to stand up to pay up 偿还清 come up with 提出 the other way 相反的 off the coast of 离海岸不远的地方 dispose of deprive of be lacking in be lack of in need for be intent on 聚精会神 be engrossed in be proficient at 熟练的 be reduced to 处于…境况 by chance by heart by sight 面熟 relevant to consistent with apply to Vast majority pose problem 造成困难 for all 尽管 30