Unit8 虚拟等语法

nullnull An Integrated English Course My Forever Valentine Grammar (p.150)Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainConsolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainIt + be + … + thatVocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningReal and unreal conditionalsConsolidation Activities- Grammar1_1Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_1VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListening With real conditionals, there is a chance that the condition will be fulfilled; with unreal conditional there is no such chance. e.g.If he arrives on time, he will be able to go with us. (Real condition) If he had arrived on time, he would have been able to go with us. (Unreal condition) If I were (was) you, I would be careful. (Unreal condition). Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_2Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_2VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningConditional sentences have two clauses. Real conditionals:Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_3Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_3VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningUnreal Conditions — present: Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_4Consolidation Activities- Grammar1_4VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningUnreal Conditions — past:Consolidation Activities- Grammar _P1Consolidation Activities- Grammar _P1Practice: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarWhat (happen) if I press this button? If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) it. I (not buy) things on the installment system if I were you.1. 2. 3.will happen__________wouldn’t have printed___________________wouldn’t buy____________Consolidation Activities- Grammar_P2Consolidation Activities- Grammar_P2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarPractice: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.If he’d taken his doctor’s advice he (not die). She’ll lose weight if she (go) on a diet. If I were you, I (not believe) his story.4. 5. 6.wouldn’t have died_________________goes____wouldn’t believe_______________Consolidation Activities- Grammar_POP1Consolidation Activities- Grammar_POP1In a real conditional, when talking about the future, the verb in the if-clause is in the present tense while that in the main clause is in the future tense. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar_POP2Consolidation Activities- Grammar_POP2In an unreal conditional, we use “if + past perfect” and “would + have done” in the main clause when we talk about something in the past. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar_POP3Consolidation Activities- Grammar_POP3In an unreal conditional, we use a past tense in the if-clause and “would do” in the main clause when we talk about present or future situations. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar2.1Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.1 Sentences introduced by “It is” or “It was” are often used to emphasize a specific subject or object. The introductory clause is then followed by a relative pronoun. “It + be + … + that” can be used to highlight the subject, object, adverbial of time, place, manner, cause.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar2.2Consolidation Activities- Grammar2.2e.g.It is Jenny who spends all her money on shoes. (subject) It is shoes that Jenny spends all her money on. (object) It was in London that he met his first wife. (place) It was only when he phoned that I realized what had happened. (time) It is learning English that I find most enjoyable nowadays. (gerund action)VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar_ P1Consolidation Activities- Grammar_ P1Practice: Highlight the underlined parts in the following sentences using “it + be + … + that.”VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar1. I put them into the soil the day my first son was born.It was on the day my first son was born that I put them into the soil.2. We reached Istanbul by train.It was by train that we reached Istanbul.Consolidation Activities- Grammar_ P2Consolidation Activities- Grammar_ P2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar3. He’s feeling unwell because he’s been working too hard.It is because he’s been working too hard that he’s feeling unwell.4. The awful weather drives him crazy.It is the awful weather that drives him crazy.Consolidation Activities- Grammar_ P3Consolidation Activities- Grammar_ P3VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar5. We get light and heat from the sun. It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 6. I understood the true state of affairs not until I had read your letter. It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.Consolidation Activities- Writing_ mainConsolidation Activities- Writing_ mainVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarStringy sentencePracticeConsolidation Activities- Writing_1.1Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.1 Stringy sentences are sentences in which too many clauses are connected. Thus, they seem to be endless. They would be easier to read and understand if they were broken up into separate clauses. To avoid stringy sentences, we can use division, subordination, combination or phrases. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Writing_1.2Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.2 He went to a law school and joined a law firm in Miami. We seldom saw each other anymore. [Separate the original sentence into two.]VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarA. Division By division, it is to divide the original sentence into several sentences. Division is employed when the clauses in the original sentence are of equal importance. Example:Revised: Stringy: He went to a law school, and then he joined a law firm in Miami, and we seldom saw each other anymore.Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.3Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.3Although she was on a diet, Miss Lambert could not resist the piece of cake that Mr. Pym offered her because she was hungry. [Change all the clauses have been changed into subordinate clauses, except for the second one.]VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarB. Subordination By subordination, it is to change some clauses into subordinate clauses, if they are of less importance. Example:Miss Lambert was on a diet, and she was hungry, and Mr. Pym offered her a piece of cake, and she could not resist it. Revised: Stringy:Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.4Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.4After attending classes all morning, working all afternoon, and studying at night, many students are exhausted by the weekend. [Substitute the first three clauses with participle phrases.]VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarC. Phrase Phrases can be used to substitute the clauses in the original sentence. Example:Stringy: Many students attend classes all morning and they work all afternoon and then they have to study at night so they are usually exhausted by the weekend.Revised:Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.5Consolidation Activities- Writing_1.5 Because the rains had been heavy in the spring and the lake was filling up, my friends were thinking either about fishing in the stream or about getting out their sailboats. [Change the first two clauses into a subordinate clause, and the last one into a prepositional phrase.]D. Combination All the techniques mentioned above can be combined to revise a stringy sentence. Example:VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarStringy: The rains had been heavy in the spring, and the lake was filling up, and some of my friends were thinking about fishing in the stream, and other friends were thinking about getting out their sailboats. Revised: Consolidation Activities- Writing_P1.1Consolidation Activities- Writing_P1.1Practice Improve the following stringy sentences by any method or combination of methods.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListening1. We must accept the facts and our enormous energy requirements, but it is also important not to forget that attempts to economize on safety provisions in such hazardous industries result in increased risks, and these increased risks may result in terrible tragedy, even in disasters whose consequences exceed national boundaries, although it is certainly true that a nuclear power station working safely, without accident, is ecologically one of the cleanest of all industrial plants.Consolidation Activities- Writing_P1.2Consolidation Activities- Writing_P1.2VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningWe must accept the facts and our enormous energy requirements, but it is also important not to forget that attempts to economize on safety provisions risks. And these increased risks may result in terrible tragedy, even in disasters whose consequences exceed national boundaries. It is certainly true, however, that a nuclear power station working safely, without accident, is ecologically one of the cleanest of all industrial plants. [The original sentence is divided into three sentences.]Revised:Consolidation Activities- Writing_P2.1Consolidation Activities- Writing_P2.12. Whether it is deceiving yourself or deceiving others, deception requires much time and energy and because deception never really achieves anything of value, it is a great waste of your precious life and resources, but instead, you’d better put that time and energy into successfully dealing with the truth, because after all, you’ll have to deal with it eventually, and the sooner you begin the more you’ll be able to accomplish.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningConsolidation Activities- Writing_P2.2Consolidation Activities- Writing_P2.2VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningWhether it is deceiving yourself or deceiving others, deception requires much time and energy. And because deception never really achieves anything of value, it is a great waste of your precious life and resources. Instead, you’d better put that time and energy into successfully dealing with the truth. After all, you’ll have to deal with it eventually, and the sooner you begin, the more you’ll be able to accomplish. [The original sentence is divided into four sentences.]Revised:Consolidation Activities- Writing_P3.1Consolidation Activities- Writing_P3.13. Giving is more than merely offering objects and when you give, give your time, your attention, your love, compassion, consideration, patience and respect and give a part of yourself, and you will not ever lose it, because that part of you takes on greater influence and value as it touches other lives beyond your own.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningConsolidation Activities- Writing_P3.2Consolidation Activities- Writing_P3.2VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGiving is more than merely offering objects. When you give, give your time, your attention, your love, compassion, consideration, patience and respect. Give a part of yourself, and you will not ever lose it. That part of you takes on greater influence and value as it touches other lives beyond your own. [The original sentence is divided into four sentences.] Revised: Consolidation Activities- Writing_P4Consolidation Activities- Writing_P44. Almost every high school student wants to go to college, and tension and anxiety build to a ridiculous point in college candidates, and this spoils their final year in high school. VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningAs almost every high school student wants to go to college, tension and anxiety build to a ridiculous point in college candidates, spoiling their final year in high school. [The first clause is changed into a subordinate clause and the last clause into a participle phrase.]Revised: Consolidation Activities- Listening_ A1Consolidation Activities- Listening_ A1Valentine’s Day You are going to hear a short passage about the origin of Valentine’s Day and how people celebrate it.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningA. Listen to Part A first, and supply the missing information.Date of observance: “Valentines”: a decorated with a box of a tied withFebruary 14th____________romantic card____________heart-shaped___________chocolate candies________________bouquet of flowers ________________red ribbon_________