电影片名的翻译如何呈现国际化理念

代写商务英语 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 AbstractAbstract:Theideahatfilmisaformofartlovedbypeoplehasbeengenerallyaccepted.Nowadays,filmshavebeenmoreandmoreinternationalized,andthetranslationofthefilms’titlehasbecomeoneoftheimportantpartsintranslatingofafilm.Thetranslationinthisfieldhasitscharacterandgoodtranslationoffilmtitlesplaysakeyroleinattractingaudience.Throughanalyzingmanytranslatedtitles,theauthorfoundsomeclassicalones.However,notallthetranslatedtitlesaresatisfying.Therearesomeinappropriateones,whichareonlymadewiththepurposeofpursuingthesuccessinbusiness.Therefore,therearealsosometranslations,whichhavenothingincommonwiththeoriginalEnglishones.So,inordertoavoidthesemistakes,translatorshouldpaycloseattentiontothebasicprinciplesandmethodsoffilmtitletranslation.Thebasicprinciplesoffilmtitletranslationnotonlyprovideatheoreticalgroundforthedynamicprocessoftranslationofmovietitles,butalsoserveasaguidanceforstandardizingsuchkindoftranslation.Whatismore,withtheguidanceofequivalenttranslationtheory,throughdevicessuchasliteraltranslation,transliteration,andfreetranslation,itispossibletoensurethatthetranslatedChinese-Englishfilmtitlescanproduceequivalenteffectsontargetaudience.Keywords:filmtitletranslation principles methods             摘要摘要：电影是一种人民喜闻乐见的艺术形式，这一点已得到公认。目前,电影越来越表现出国际化的趋势,而电影片名的翻译是电影国际化的点睛之笔。电影片名的翻译有自身的特点，其翻译质量的好坏将直接影响到能否吸引译入语观众。由于各民族间文化和审美之间存在差异,对外来电影片名的翻译很难把握。本研究通过对大量实例的 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 发现，虽然片名的翻译中不乏经典之作，但并不是所有的电影片名翻译都让人满意。有些电影一味追求商业效果而使片名哗众取宠，有些翻译的片名与电影 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 大相径庭。因此，在电影片名的翻译中应该注意翻译 原则 组织架构调整原则组织架构设计原则组织架构设置原则财政预算编制原则问卷调查设计原则 和方法。电影片名翻译的四大原则不仅为片名翻译的动态性过程提供了理论依据，同时对 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 电影片名的翻译起到了引导作用。而且，只有在翻译理论的指导下，灵活运用直译，音译，意译等多种手段，才能保证英语电影译名在译入语观众中产生和在原语观众中相似的效果。关键词：电影片名翻译 翻译原则 手段                          ContentsAbstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅱ摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ⅲIntroduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------1PartⅠReviewofRelatedTranslationTheory-----------------------------------11.1Thebasicprinciplesoffilmtitletranslation--------------------------------------21.2Thebasicmethodsoftranslation---------------------------------------------------3PartⅡThetranslationoffilmtitles------------------------------------------------42.1Thetranslationofpersonandplacenames----------------------------------------42.2Thetranslationofothertypesoffilms---------------------------------------------42.2.1Literaltranslation-------------------------------------------------------------------52.2.2Freetranslation----------------------------------------------------------------------62.2.3Thesynthesisoftransliterationandfreetranslation----------------------------7PartⅢCaseAnalysis------------------------------------------------------------------73.1美国丽人vs.美国红蔷薇---------------------------------------------------------83.2我知道你是谁vs.有种来抓我----------------------------------------=-----------83.3洛丽塔vs.一树梨花压海棠-------------------------------------------------------93.4后天vs.末日浩劫------------------------------------------------------------------10Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------------10Bibiography------------------------------------------------------------------------------12Appendix----------------------------------------------------------------------------------13  IntroductionThisisastudyoftheproblemsintranslatingthetitlesofEnglishfilmsintoChinese.Thiskindoftranslationisaninterestingtopic,anditisalsoanimportantone.Itisinterestingbecauseitinvolvestheelementsofhistory,art,culture,natureandliterature,whichneverceasetoamuseaudiences.ItsimportanceisduetothefactthatthesuccessfultranslationoffilmtitlesdetermineswhethercertainmoviescanbesuccessfulornotinthemarketofChina,especiallyatperiodoftimewhentheEnglishfilmsareflooding.ThisthesiswillfocusonthetranslationofEnglishfilms’titles,categorizinganumberofcollectedtranslatedtermsonthebasisofthetranslatingmethodstranslatorsuseandjudgingthetranslationsbasedontherulesofculture.ItcanbeseenthatthetranslationofEnglishfilmsintoChinesedeploysmainlyfourtranslatingmethods：(1)literaltranslation;(2)freetranslation;(3)transliteration;(4)thesynthesisoftransliterationandliteraltranslation.However,severalcasesdiscussedinthispaperdon’tfallintoanycategorieslistedabove,andafurtherstudyandanalysisaredevotedtothem.Asweknow,therearemanydifferencesexistingbetweenChinaandEnglishspeakingcountriesintermsofhistory,cultureandlanguage.Welackbothtranslatorswhoknowlanguagesaswellascultureswellenough,andtheoreticalguidelinesoftranslation.Therefore,moreeffortsarerequiredinthisfield.PartⅠ  ReviewofRelatedTranslationTheoryAsanewthinginthelastcentury,thedevelopmentoffilmfactoryisamazing.BothinChinaandothercountries,therearemanyclassicworks,whicharealreadypartofvaluableculture.Filmshavebeenanewbridgeofcountries.Theycanpresentthehistory,natureandliteratureinadirectway.NomatterwhetheritisaChinesefilmoranEnglishfilm,translationisneededifthefilmisgoingabroad.Therefore,thetranslationoffilmtitleisthekeypointinthisfield.Thefilmtitleisthesummarizationofscenarioandthoughtsofonefilminafewwords.Thetitlemustbeconcinnity,dramatic,meaningfulandacceptedbydifferentkindsofaudience.Thegoodexamplesinthisfield,suchasWaterlooBridge,GonewiththeWind,andTopGun,makegreatcontributiontotheirsuccessfulreleasingofthefilmsinChina.AnothercaseinpointistheAmericanfilmTheMatrix.Originally,“Matrix”isaprofessionalwordofcalculatingmachine,whichmakesaudiencepuzzled.TheChinesetranslationofthistitleis“黑客帝国”.Itnotonlytellspeoplethefilmisasciencefiction,butalsoarousesaudiencegreatinterest.Infact,fortheaudience,thetitleisthefirstsightofthefilmanditmakesalotofsense.1.1ThebasicprinciplesoffilmtitletranslationInordertoprovideuswithagoodbasisforobservationanddiscussion,itisnecessarytoclarifysomebasicideasaboutfilmtitletranslation.Althoughthefilmtitletranslationisoneoftheimportantpartsinthedevelopmentoffilm,infacttherearefewdeterminaterulesandtheoryaboutit(Ruan＆Li,2006).Theproblemwillbediscussedindetailsinthefollowingparagraphs.AsSusanBassnettputsit,“Thepurposeoftranslationtheory,then,istoreachanunderstandingoftheprocessundertakenintheactoftranslationand,not,asissocommonlymisunderstood,toprovideasetnormsforeffectingtheperfecttranslation.”(SusanBassnett，2005)Tobetterperformthejoboffilmtitletranslating,thereareseveralfundamentalprinciplesoftranslationfortranslatorstofollow.First,thetranslatorshouldunderstandperfectlytheimportanceoftheculture.Eachpersonhashisownwayofexpressingideas,andtherearealsophrases,idiomsandnames,withparticularmeaning.Itisreallyimportantbecauseifthetranslatordoesnotunderstandandusethemcorrectly,histranslationwillbemisunderstoodbypeople.TherewasafamousAmericanfilmSevenin1995.“七宗罪”isthefinalChinesetitleforit,becausethefilmtellsusastoryaboutacrazyguy.HethoughthewastheGodandkilledpersonwhomademistakesconcerninggluttony,greed,sloth,lust,pride,envyandwrath.Basedontheplot,thetranslationof“七宗罪”ismuchbetterthanasimplecharacter“七”.Second,thetranslatorshouldmakeconnectionsbetweenlanguageandthestoryinthefilm.Thisiscalledtheruleofinformation.Atthispointthetranslatormusthaveanappropriatewordtosumuptheplotofthefilmtomakingtheaudienceclearlyunderstandaboutthefilm.Infact,thisisahardjob,especiallywhenthereareparallelsbetweenthefilms.Forexample,thefilmsactedbyArnoldSchwarzeneggeraretranslatedasthefamilyof“魔鬼”，nomatterwhattheyareabout.SomeofthefamilymembersareTerminator(魔鬼终结者), KindergartenCop(魔鬼孩子王)，Eraser(魔鬼毁灭者)，TotalRecall(魔鬼总动员).Thisseriesoftitlesgreatlylacktheinformationoffilms,whichgivetheimpressionthatallofthesefilmshavethesamestory.Third,thetranslatorshouldpayattentiontotheaestheticsintitletranslation.Differentcountrieshavedisparatedefinitionsofaesthetics.ForChinese,wepursesymmetryandrhyme,adorethefour-wordstructureforthefilmtitleandsometimesevenhaverecoursetorhetoric.However,Englishcountriesprefertheterseones.Wecanseeitformthefilmtitles.TherearemanyEnglishfilms’titlesonlyhaveoneword,suchas,Fugitive,Patton,Eraser,Happiness,BounceandBeautiful.InChina,thenamesaretranslatedas“亡命天涯”, “巴顿将军”, “蒸发密令”,“童年往事”,“机票情缘” and“美若天仙”.Anotherwaytogettheaestheticsintitletranslationisrhetoric.Inthisway,wegetmanygoodones,theChinesenameforGaslight,theGreatGatsby，OldWivesforNewandLoveMeTenderlyare“郎心如铁”、“大亨小传”、“旧宠新欢”and“铁汉柔肠”.Theaestheticsplaysanimportantrolehere.Chinesepeoplearefamiliarwiththiskindoftitlesandtheywillbemorewillingtowatchthemovie.Forth,thetranslatorshouldknowthatthesuccessinbusinessisthefinalgoalforthetitletranslation.Agoodtitlemayarousepeople’sinterestattheirfirstsightandmakethempayforthefilm.Ifthetitlemakespeoplethinkthatthemoviehasaboringplot,thefilmwillfail.Duetothisprinciple,theChinesenameofTheRockbecomes“勇闯夺命岛”.Thesuspensioninthetitlemakesitnovelandbringsaboutthesuccessofticketsselling.Examplesofthiskindvary,suchasItHappensOneNight(一夜风流),SisterAct(修女也疯狂)andTheNet(网络惊魂).1.2ThebasicmethodsoftranslationWithoutanydoubt,themethodsoftranslationaremajorissueswhenwearedealingwithtranslation.Sofar,therearefourmajorbasictranslatingmethodsinfilmtitletranslation,andtheyaretransliterationliteraltranslation,freetranslationaswellasthesynthesisofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Thefirstmethodistransliteration.Transliterationreferstotheprocessbywhichonereadsandpronouncesthewordsandsentencesofonelanguageusingthelettersandspecialsymbolsofanotherlanguage.Thustransliterationismeanttopreservethesoundsofthesyllablesinwords.Thesecondmethodisliteraltranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslatingasentenceliterally,keepingtheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Literaltranslationworkswhenequivalencecanbefoundamongthelanguageaswellasthetargetlanguageintermsofformsandcontents,atthesametime,theculturalinformationcanbepreserved.Anotherwaytotranslatethefilmtitleisfreetranslation.Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsandthetranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Infreetranslation,inordertopreservethecontents,theliteralmeaningofthesourcelanguagewouldbegivenupbecauseofcertainsocialandculturallimitations.Thelastwaycombinedtheabove-mentionedtwoways.Thesynthesisoftransliterationandliteraltranslationisbeingusedinphrasesorsentencesthat,partly,canusetransliterationwhiletheotherisconfinedtofreetranslation.PartⅡThetranslationoffilmtitlesAfterreviewingthemethodsusedinfilmtitletranslation,itisnecessarytoanalyzethecases.Generallyspeaking,thetranslationoffilmtitlecanbedividedintotwocategories:thefirstoneisthetranslationofpersonandplacenames,whichusuallyadoptsthemethodoftransliteration;whilethesecondoneisthetranslationofothertypesoffilms,whichinvolvesmuchmorecomplicatedtranslatingmethods.Agreatnumberofexampleswillbeanalyzedtoexplainthetheoreticabove.2.1ThetranslationofpersonandplacenamesAsapartoffilmtitletranslation,thetranslationofpersonorplacenameadoptstransliteration,whichpreservesthesoundsofthesyllables.Theapplicationoftransliterationrequiresveracity,standardizationaswellasspecialconsiderationtotraditionaltranslatedterm.Inotherwords,transliterationrequiresrigidlyabidingthestandardizedpronunciationrulesofthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage.ThefilmsnamedbypersonorplacetakealargepartinEnglishfilms.Transliterationisthebestwaywhenthepersonorplacenameisfamousandknownbymostpublic.Usually,thereisnorightwordmatchingthenameofapersonoraplaceinthelanguageintowhichthetranslatoristranslating.Amongthecollectedtranslatedtermsoftransliteration,Titanicmustbethemostfamousone.Asthenameofaboat,thereisnorealmeaningfortheword“Titanic”,sothesmartestwayistotranslatebymeansoftransliteration.ThesamereasongoeswellinthecaseofHarryPorter,CasablancaandSahara. 2.2ThetranslationofothertypesoffilmsThefirsttypeoffilmsiseasytodealwith.However,comparingtopersonandplacenametranslation,othertranslationsoffilmtitlesdonotadoptthemethodoftransliteration;instead,theyusuallyemployliteraltranslation,freetranslationorthesynthesisofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Thereasonleadingtothedifferenceisthat,toafilm’stitle,thebasicprinciplesplaykeyroleinthetranslation.Therefore,transliterationcanmakethetranslatedtermofapersonorplacenamesimplerandeasiertomemorize.However,toothertypesoftitles,weneedtoknownotonlytheirpronunciationbutalsotheirmeaning.Sometimes,thenamesofsometitleshavecertainhistoricalorculturalimplications;hence,thetranslationofthosetypesismuchmorecomplicated.2.2.1LiteraltranslationTranslationshouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.Generallyspeaking,aminorityoffilmtitletranslationsemployliteraltranslation.Comparedwithothermethods,itisaneasyandintelligentmethodbecausethiskindoftranslationkeepsthestyleofthefilm.Soliteraltranslationisthefirstchoicewhenequivalencecanbefoundbetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguageintermsofformsandcontents.Inthisway,theculturalinformationinthefilmtitlecanbepreserved.However,literaltranslationmakesthetranslatedfilmtitleconfusingsometimes.Therearesomebadexamplesinthisfield.ThefilmTheDukeistranslatedas“公爵”atfirst.Butthefilmisaboutadogwhichgetsalargeheritage.Thetitle“亿万神犬”isamuchbetterchoicethan“公爵”forthisfilm.AnotherexampleisTheThirdMan.IfitistranslatedbythewayofLiteraltranslation,theChinesetitleforitshouldbe“第三者”.Therefore,thethirdmanheremeansthethirdwitnessofatrafficaccident,notamistress.ButChinesewillloseinterestinitbecausetheythinkitisafilmwhichtalksboutfamilylife.Later,thefilmhasanewname,“黑域亡魂”.Thisoneisperfectbecausethefilmtellsusaseriesofmysteriousincidentswhilesomeoneislookingforthetruthofanother’sdeath.Becauseofthedifferenceofmodalitybetweentwolanguages,thesequenceandstructureshouldbechangedinordertohelptheaudiencecomprehendthemeaningofthetitle,suchasthefilmManinBlack.TheChinesetitleis“黑衣人”,insteadof “男人穿着黑色”.2.2.2FreetranslationThetheoryoffreetranslationhasbeendiscussedbefore.Freetranslationreferstostressingthemeaningoftheoriginaltitlewithoutpayingattentiontothedetails,andtranslationwillalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,andmetaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnaturally,andexpressthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillwhichmeanstranslatorsmustbeawareofthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmustbelearnedandknowledgeable.Thefreetranslationsoffilmtitlecouldbefurtherdividedintoseveralcategories,inaccordancewiththetranslatingmethodstheyemploy,amongwhichdeviatedtranslationandcreativetranslationaretwomostfrequentlydeployedmethods.Translatorswillconsideraboutdeviatedtranslationwhenthefilm’sEnglishtitlecontainsomeparticularculturefeaturesormetaphors,suchasplaceandpersons’names,whichmaynotbecomprehensiblebyChinese.DeviatedtranslationwillkeepthestyleoftheEnglishtitlebutaddorreducesomeinformationinthetranslatedtitle.ForrestGumpisagoodcaseinpoint.ItsChinesenameis“阿甘正传”.TheTranslatorkeepsthelastpartofthetitleandaddsChinesecultureinthetranslation.ItwillremindChineseof<<阿Q正传>>(themasterpieceofLuXun).Bothofthetwostoriestellusanunusualerafromtheeyesofaperson.Bothheroesareasinineandmanyhistoricaleventshappenintheirages.Although“阿甘正传”hasnorelationwith<<阿Q正传>>,thetitlemakesaudiencesinterestedinthemoviebecausethelatteroneisclassicalandknownbyalmosteveryoneinChina.TranslatorswillconsideraboutcreativetranslationwhenthefilmEnglishtitleisunacceptableforChinesebecauseoftheculturegapbetweentwodifferentcountries.Creativetranslationshouldobserveculturerules.ManyforeignersarefamiliarwithBourne,whoisafamouscharacterinRobertLudlum’sbook,butfewChinesehaveheardaboutitbefore.Bourneisamysterioushero,dealingwithespionage,soTheBourneIdentityistranslatedas“谍影重重”ratherthan“伯恩的身份”.Kate＆Leopoldisanotherfilmthatshouldbecreativetranslated.Themovieisaboutaromanticlovestoryandthedistinguishedplotisthattheheroandtheheroineareindifferenttimes.Kateisasuccessfulmodernwoman,livinginthe21thcentury,whileLeopoldisacharmingduke,livinginthe19thcentury.BothofthemliveinNewYorkandtheyfallinlovewitheachother.However,therearemanyconflictsbetweenthem,incaseoflifestyle,thewayofthinking,andsoon.TheChinesetitle“隔世情缘”expressestheexactmeaningofthefilm.IfthetranslatorsimplytranslatedthesetwoEnglishnamesintoChineseandusethemasatitle,itwillleavenoimpression.Inthewokoftranslation,theculturegapistoocriticaltobeignored.However,someEnglishfilmtitlescanfindperfectChineseidiomforthem.Forexample,“女大不中留”istheChinesenameforthefilmHobson’sChoice.Thereseemstobenorelationbetweenthetwotitles.Actually,itwasmistakenlytranslatedas“霍布逊的选择”and“无可选择”.Thelatterismuchbetterthantheformer,butstillnotthebestchoicecomparedwith“女大不中留”.Hobsonisthebossofashoeshopandheisunwillingthathisthreedaughterswillmarrytotheshoeshopworkers.Atlast,hehastoacceptthefactbecauseoftheinsistencehisdaughters.ThesamethinghappensinChina,parentsgetangryaboutdaughter’smarriagebutfinally,theycandonothingbutblessher.SotheChineseidiom“女大不中留”perfectlysuitsthisEnglishfilm.2.2.3ThesynthesisoftransliterationandfreetranslationFromwhatwehavetalkedabout,afilmnamedbyplaceorperson’snameisusuallytranslatedbythewayoftransliteration.While,sometimesitdoesnotworkthatwellwhenthenameisnotthatfamousandfamiliarbyaudiences.So,inordertomakeaudiencemoreclearaboutthefilm,translatorschoosethemethodsoftransliterationandfreetranslationforonetitle.Hereisanexample,Patton.PattonisoneoffamousheroinAmericanhistory.IthasnowrongforthefilmnamedbyhimasfortheaudiencesinAmericanknowhimwell.However,thethingisdifferentinChina.MostChinesehavenotheardofhimbefore,soitisconsiderabletotranslatedas“巴顿将军”.Thecharacterof“将军”makesaudiencesknowtheidentityofthisperson.AnotherexampleisBambi.Ifitistranslatedsimplyas“班比”,theremustbefewpeopleknowthatBambiisadeer,notaperson.Sothebettertitleforitshouldbe“小鹿班比”.PartⅢCaseAnalysisInthispart,Iwouldliketocomparesomecasesoftranslation,showingthedifferencebetweentwotransplantedtitles,whichareforthesameEnglishfilm.Usually,theyaretranslatedbydifferentmethods.Someofthemareterrific,somearemediocreandsomeareevenwrong.Wecanlearnthepointthattherearefourmethodsoffilmtitletranslationandfourbasicprincipleswhichshouldbeconsidered.Themethodthetranslatorchooseandthewordhepickscanchangethemeaningtotally.3.1美国丽人vs.美国红蔷薇EventhoughmostofusarequitefamiliarwiththeChinesetranslatedterm“美国丽人”asthetitleofAmericanBeauty,itisnotstrangethatsomeofusknowthatitisacompletelywrongtranslation.Then,thequestionarisesthathowthetranslationcomesabout.AmericanbeautywontheOscarin2000anditishardforChinesetounderstandwhatthelifeinthefilmisaboutbecausemostofushavenotbeentoTheUSA.ItisreallyridiculoustochooseliteraltranslationforitbecauseAmericanbeautyisawordhere.Itmeansakindofflower,whichshowsupmanytimesinthehero’sfantasy,evenontheposterofthefilm.ThisfloweristhesymbolofAmericamiddleclassbecauseitiselegant,vividbutdecadent.Themaninthefilmisamemberofmiddleclassandheisgoingthroughtheconfusedageofhislife.NeitherFamilynorcareergoeswell.AccordingtoChineseordinaryopinion,“美国丽人”shouldbeastorysomewhatliketalkingaboutabeautifulAmericangirl.TheAmericanculturesignificationisnotexpressedbythetitleatall.InTaiwan,thenameforitis“美国心,玫瑰情”,whichisbetterthan“美国丽人”.Inmyopinion,therightoneforitshouldbe“美国红蔷薇&rd