前缀、后缀、词根
总结
初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf
英语单词构词法——前缀
1. 表示否定意义的前缀
(1) 纯否定前缀
前缀
举例
a-, an-
asymmetry (不对称), anhydrous (无水的)
dis-
dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-
incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-
none, neither, never
non-
nonsense
un-
unable, unemployment
(2) 表示错误的意义
前缀
举例
male-, mal-
malfunction, maladjustment (失调)
mis-
mistake, mislead
pseudo-
pseudonym (假名), pseudoscience
(3) 表示反动作的意思
前缀
举例
de-
defend, demodulation (解调)
dis-
disarm, disconnect
un-
unload, uncover
(4) 表示相反、相互对立的意思
前缀
举例
anti-, ant-
antiknock (防震), antiforeign (排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-
contradiction, controflow (逆流)
counter-
counteraction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-,
object, oppose, occupy
with-
withdraw, withstand
2. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
a-
在……之上、向……
aboard, aside
by-
附近、邻近、边侧
bypath, bypass
circum-, circu-
周围、环绕、回转
circumstance, circuit
de-
在下、向下
descend, degrade
en-
在内、进入
encage, enbed
ex-, ec-, es-
外部、外
exit, eclipse, expand, export
extra-
额外
extraction
fore-
在前面
forehead, foreground
in-, il- im-, ir-
向内、在内、背于
inland, invade, inside, import
inter-, intel-
在……间,相互
international, interaction,
intro-
向内、在内、内侧
introduce,
medi-, med-, mid-
中,中间
Mediterranean, midposition
out-
在上面,在外部,在外
outline, outside, outward
over-
在上面,在外部,向上
overlook, overhead, overboard
post-
向后,在后面,次
postscript (附言), postgraduate
pre-
在前,在前面
prefix, preface, preposition
pro-
在前、向前
progress, proceed
sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-
在下面,下
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
super-, sur-
在……之上
superficial, surface, superstructure
trans-
移上,转上,在那一边
translate, transform, transoceanic
under-
在……下面,下的
underline, underground
up-
向上,向上面,在上
upward, uphold, uphill
3. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
ante-, anti-
先前,早于,预先
antecedent, anticipate
ex-
先、故、旧
ex-president, ex-husband
fore-
在前面、先前、前面
foreword, foretell
mid-, medi-
中,中间
midnight, midsummer
post-
在后,后
postwar
pre-, pri-
在前、事先、预先
preheat, prewar, prehistory
pro-
在前、先、前
prologue (序幕), prophet
re-
再一次、重新
retell, rewrite
4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
by-
副、次要的
byproduct
extra-
超越、额外
extraordinary
hyper-
超过、极度
hypersonic, hypertension
out-
超过、过分
outdo (超过), outbid
over-
超过、过度、太
overeat, overdress, oversleep
sub-, suc-
次、低、副、亚
subeditor, subordinate, succession
super-, sur-
超过
supernatural, superpower, surplus
under-
低劣、低下
undersize, undergrown
vice-
副、次
vice-president, vice-chairman
5. 表示共同、相等意思的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-
共同、一起
combine, connect, coexist
syn-, syl-, sym-
同、共、和、类
synthesis, sympathy
6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
al-
完整、完全
alone, almost
over-
完全、全
overall, overflow (充满)
pan-
全、总、万
panentheism (泛神论), panorama (全景、概论)
7. 表示分离、离开意思的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
a-, ab-, abs-
分离、离开
away, apart, abstract, abstain
de-
离去、除去
depart, decolour
dis-, di-, dif-
分离、离开
disarm, divorce
ex-, e-
离开、分离
expel, exclude, expatriate
for-
离开、脱离
forgive, forget
re-
离开
release, resolve
se-
分离、隔离
separate, seduce, select
8. 表示通过、遍及意思的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
dia-
通过、横过
diameter, diagram
per-, pel-
通、总、遍
perfect, perform, pervade (浸透)
trans-
横过、贯通
transparent, transmit, transport
9. 表示加强意思的前缀
前缀
举例
a-
arouse, ashamed
ad-
adjoin, adhere (粘着)
10. 表示变换此类作用的前缀
前缀
举例
be-
befriend (帮助、扶助)
en-
enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-
adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign
11. 表示数量关系的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
mono-, mon-
单一、一
monotone, monopoly, monarch
ambi-, bi-, di- twi-
二、两、双
ambiguous, amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight
deca-, deco-, dec-, deci-
十
decade, decimals
hecto-, hect-, centi-
百,百分之一
hectometer, centimeter
kilo-
千、千分之一
kilometer
myria-, myri-, mega, meg, micro-
万、万分之一
myriametre, megabyte, microvolt
multi-, mult-, poly-
许多、复、多数
multipmetre, polysyllable
hemi-, demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-
半、一半
hemisphere, demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula
12. 表示特殊意义的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
arch-
首位、第一的、主要的
architect, archbishop
auto-
自己、独立、自动
automobile, autobiography
bene-
善、福
benefit
eu-
优、美好
eugenics (优生学), euphemism
male-, mal-
恶、不良
maltreatment, malodor
macro-
大、宏大
macroscopic (宏观)
magni-
大
magnificent
micro-
微
microscope
13. 表示术语的前缀
前缀
含义
举例
aud-
听、声
audience
bio-
生命、生物
biography
ge-
地球、大地
geography
phon-
声、音调
phonograph
tele-
远离
television, telephone
英语单词构词法——后缀
1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
后缀
含义
举例
-an, -ian
……地方的人,
精通……的人
American, historian
-al
具有……职务的人
principal
-ant, -ent
……者
merchant, agent, servant, student
-ar
……的人
scholar, liar
-ard, -art
做……的人
coward, laggard, braggart
-arian
……派别/主义的人,
humanitarian, vegetarian
-ary
从事……的人
secretary, missionary
-ate
具有……职责的人
candidate, graduate
-ator
做……的人
educator, speculator
-crat
某种政体、主义的支持者
democrat, bureaucrat
-ee
动作承受着
employee, examinee
-eer
从事于……的人
engineer, volunteer
-er
从事某职业的人,某地区、地方的人
banker, observer, Londoner, villager
-ese
……国人,……地方的人
Japanese, Cantonese
-ess
阴性人称名词
actress, hostess, manageress
-eur
……家
amateur, litterateur
-ian
……地方人,信仰……教的人,从事……职业的人
Christian, physician, musician
-ician
精通者,……家
electrician, magician, technician
-icist
……家,……者,……能手
physicist, phoneticist, technicist
-ic
……者,……师
mechanic, critic
-ie
爱称,指小
diaries, auntie, lassie
-ier
从事……职业
cavalier, clothier, brazier
-ine, -ina
阴性人称
heroine, ballerina
-ist
从事……研究者,信仰……主义者
pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
-ive
动作者,行动者
native, captive
-logist
……学家,研究者
biologist, geologist
-or
……者
author, doctor, operator
-ster
做……事情的人
youngerster, gamester, songster
-yer
从事……职业者
lawyer
(2) 构成具有抽象名词的含义
后缀
含义
举例
-acy
性质、状态、境遇
accuracy, diplomacy
-age
状态、行为、身份及结果、总称
courage, storage, marriage
-al
事物的动作、过程
refusal, arrival, survival, denial
表示具体的事物
manual, signal, editorial, journal
-ance, -ence
性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度
endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
-ancy, -ency
性质、状态、行为、过程
frequency, urgency, efficiency
-bility
动作、性质、状态
possibility, feasibility
-craft
工艺、技巧
woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft
-cracy
统治、支配
bureaucracy, democracy
-cy
性质、状态、职位、级别
bankruptcy, supremacy
-dom
等级、领域、状态
freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ery, -ry
行为、状态、习性
bravery, bribery, rivalry
-ety
性质、状态
variety, dubiety
-faction, -facture
作成,……化、作用
satisfaction, manufacture
-hood
资格、身份、年纪、状态
childhood, falsehood
-ice
行为、性质、状态
notice, justice, service
-ine
带有抽象概念
medicine, discipline, famine
-ing
动作的过程,结果
building, writing, learning
-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition
行为的过程、结果、状况
action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
-ise
性质、状态
exercise, merchandise
-ism
制度
关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载
、主义、学说、信仰、行为
socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
-ity
性质、状态、程度
purity, reality, ability, calamity
-ment
行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果
treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
-mony
动作的结果、状态
ceremony, testimony
-ness
性质、状态、程度
goodness, kindness, tiredness
-or, -our
动作、性质、状态
favor, error
-osity
动作、状态
curiosity
-ship
情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业
hardship, membership, friendship
-th
动作、性质、过程、状态
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
-tude
性质、状态、程度
latitude, altitude
-ure
行为、结果
exposure, pressure, failure
-y
行为的结果、状态、性质
glory, history, inquiry
(3) 带有场所、地方的含义
后缀
含义
举例
-age
住所、地点
village, cottage
-ary
住所、场地
library, granary
-ery, -ry
工作场所、饲养地、地点
laundry, nursery, surgery
-ory
工作场所、住处
factory, dormitory, laboratory
(4) 表示学术、科技含义
后缀
含义
举例
-grapy
……学,写法
biography, calligraphy, geography
-ic, -ics
……学,……法
logic, mechanics, optics
-ology
……学,……论
biology, zoology, technology
-nomy
……学,……术
astronomy, economy
-ery
学科、学术
chemistry, cookery, machinery
-y
……学,术,法
photography, philosophy
(5) 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义
后缀
举例
-age
baggage, tonnage
-dom
newspaperdom
-hood
neighbourhood, womanhood
-ry
cavalry, ministry
-ure
legislature, judicature
(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
后缀
举例
-ant, -ent
solvent, constant
-al
signal, pictorial
-ar
collar, pillar
-er
boiler, computer, washer, cooker
-ery
drapery
-ing
clothing, matting
-ment
instrument, equipment, attachment
(7) 表示“细小”的意思
后缀
举例
-cle
particle
-cule
molecule
-el
parcel
-en
chicken, maiden
-et
pocket, ticket
-etta, -ette, -etto
cigarette
-kin
napkin
-ling
duckling
-let
booklet
-y
baby, doggy
2. 形容词后缀
(1) 带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义
后缀
举例
-able, -ible
movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
-al
natural, additional, educational
-an, -ane
urban, suburban, republican
-ant, -ent
distant, important, excellent
-ar
similar, popular, regular
-ary
military, voluntary
-ic, -atic, -ical
politic, systematic, physical
-ine
masculine, feminine, marine
-ing
moving, touching, daring
-ish
foolish, bookish, selfish
-ive
active, impressive, decisive
-ory
satisfactory, compulsory
-il, -ile, -eel
fragile, genteel
(2) 表示“相像,类似”的含义
后缀
举例
-ish
boyish, childish
-esque
picturesque
-like
manlike, childlike
-ly
manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
-some
troublesome, handsome
-y
milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义
后缀
举例
-ful
beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
-ous
dangerous, generous, courageous, various
-ent
violent
(4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产的含义
后缀
举例
-en
wooden, golden, woolen
-ous
gaseous
-fic
scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义
后缀
举例
-ern
eastern, western
-ward
downward, forward
(6) 表示“倍数”的含义
后缀
举例
-ble
double, treble
-ple
triple
-fold
twofold, tenfold
(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义
后缀
举例
-teen
thirteen
-ty
fifty
-th
fourth, fiftieth
(8) 表示国籍、语种、宗教的含义
后缀
举例
-an
Roman, European
-ese
Chinese
-ish
English, Spanish
(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义
后缀
举例
-er
greater
-ish
reddish, yellowish
-est
highest
-most
foremost, topmost
(10) 其他的含义
后缀
含义
举例
-less
否定
countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
后缀
含义
举例
-ize, -ise
做成,变成,……化
modernize, mechanize, organize
-en
是成为,引起,使有
quicken, weaken, soften, harden
-fy
使……化,使成
beautify, purify, intensify, signify
-ish
使,令
finish, abolish, diminish, establish
-ate
成为……,处理,作用
separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
后缀
举例
-ly
possibly, swiftly, simply
-ward, -wards
downward, inwards, upward
-ways
always, sideways
-wise
otherwise, clockwise
英语单词构词法——词根
词根
含义
举例
aer, ar
空气,大气
aeroplane, aerial
ag, act, ig
做,动作
active, agent, reaction
alt
高
altitude
alter, altern, altr
其他,变更
alternate
bio, bi, bion
生物,生命
biology, bionics
brev, bri, brief
短
brief, abbreviation, abridge
cap, capt, cept, cip
取,获
capture, except, concept, capacity
ced, ceed, cess
行,让步
proceed, succeed, excess
centr
中心
concentrate, eccentric
clain, claim
呼喊
claim, proclaim, exclaim
clos, clud
闭合
conclude, enclose, include
col, cult
耕耘
colony, cultivate, agriculture
cor, cord
心
cordial, record, accord
curr, cur, cour
跑,动作
current, occur, concurrence
dic, dict
说,示
dictate, edit, indicate, predict
doc, doct
教
doctor, document
duc, duct
引导、传导
introduce, produce, conduct
fact, fac, fect, dic, dit
做,创造
factory, effect, profit, faculty
fend, fens
打,击
defense, offence
fer
搬运,转移
ferry, transfer, defer
fin, finit
终、极
final, finish, confine
firm
坚固
firm, confirm, affirm
fix
固定
prefix, affix
flect, flex
弯曲
flexible, reflex
flor, flour, flower
花
flower, flourish
form
形
uniform, formula, transform, reform
forc, fort
力,强度
force, enforce, effort
gen, genit
生产,发生
generate, generation
gram, graph
书写,记录
telegram, diagram, photograph
grad, gress, gred, gree
步,阶段
gradually, degree, progress
hab, habit, hibit
保持,住
inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
her, hes
粘附
adhere, cohesion
ject, jet
抛射
project, inject
jour
日,一天
journal, adjourn, journey
jug, junct
结合,连合
conjunction, junction
labour, labor
劳动,工作
labourer, elabourate, collaborate
lect, leg, lig
挑选,采集
collect, select, lecture
lif, liv
生活,生存
life, alive
loc
场所,位置
location, dislocate
long, leng, ling
长的
length, prolong, linger
loqu, locut
说话
colloquial, eloquent
mand, mend
命令
command, demand, recommend
man, manu
手,手法
manage, manual
memor, member
记忆
memory, remember, memorial
mind, ment
心
mind, remind, mental
merc, merch
贸易
commerce, merchant
meas, mens, meter, metr
测量,度量
measure, meter, diameter
min
小
diminish, minority
miss, mit
派遣,送
mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
mob, mot, mov
动
movement, motion, mobile, remove
nect, nex
捆扎
connect, disconnect, annex
not
记号,注意
note, denote, annotation
onom, onym
名字
synonym, autonym, anonymous
pair, par
相同,对等
compare
准备
prepare
pel, puls
追逐
expel, impel
pend, pens, poud
悬挂
depend, independent, expense
phon
声音
symphony, telephone, microphone
plac
位置,场所
place, replace
peopl, popul, publ
人民,民众
public, republic, popular, people
port
搬运
export, import, deport
press
压,压制
pressure, express, oppress, impression
prob, proof, prov
实验,验证
prove, approve
quer, quest, quir, quis
寻找,探问
inquiry, question, inquisition
rang, rank
排列
arrange, rank
rect, right, rig
正,直
correct, direct, erect
riv
河流,流远
river, arrive, derive
rupt
破坏,毁坏
eruption, bankrupt, corruption
sci
认识,知识
science, conscious
scrib, script
书写,记录
describe, script
sens, sent
感觉,情感
sensation, sentiment
sign
标记,符号
signal, signature, design
sembl, simil
相似,类似
similar, resemble, assimilate
soci
结合,社交
social, association
spec, spect, spitc, spis
看,视
inspect, spectator, conspicuous
struct
建筑,构造
structure, construct, instruct
tect, teg
遮蔽,掩盖
detect, protect
temp, tens
时间,时机
tense, contemporary, temporal
tend, tes, tent
倾向,伸张
tendency, intension, extend, intend
test
证明
住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问
,证实
testify, protest, contest
text
编织,构成
textile, texture, context
tract, trail
拖拉,吸引
attract, tractor, abstract, contract
tribut
给予
contribution, distribute
us, ut
用,使用
usable, utilize, abuse
vac, van
空,虚
vacancy, vanity, evacuate
vad, vas, wad
走,去
invade, wade, evade
vers, vert
旋转,反转
convert, inversion, reverse, divert
vid, vis, vey, view
观看,看见
television, visible, evident, interview, survey
viv, vit
生,活
vivid, vital, survival
war, ward
注意,保护
aware, wary, ward
way
路
way, away, subway, always