1995年考研英语阅读真题单词解析（考研1号读者原创）

考研1号网：专注考研 共同进步 - ---------考研1号读者“瓶子”制作 1995年考研英语阅读真 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 单词解析（考研1号读者原创） Text 1 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. organize vt 组织 使有系统化 给与生机 组织成立工会等 vi 组织起来 成立组织 basically adv 主要的 基本上 private adj 私人的 私有的 私下的 enterprise n 企业 事业 事业心 orient (v.)为……定方向，为……定位，（n.）东方； oriental (a.) 东方的； -oriented后缀意思是：以……为目标的，如：market ~ 以市场为导向的，test- ~ 以考试为目标的，应试的 striving 原型strive n努力 斗争 v. 努力奋斗力争 strive (v.) 奋斗，争取，~ to/for/against 努力，争取 profit motive 利润动机 motive (n.) 动机，目的；（a.）运动的，发动的 operate vi 运转 动手术 起作用 vt 操作 经营 引起 对……开刀 competitive 竞争的 比赛的 求胜心切的 demand n需求 要求 vt 要求 需求 查询 vi 需要 请求 查问 coupled 原型couple v 耦合的 连接的 成对的 coupled with 与……结合在一起；couple (v.) 连接，结合 desire n 欲望 要求 心愿 vt 想要 要求 希望得到 maximize vt 取最大值 对极为重视 vi 达到最大值 An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. 1994年考研英语阅读真题单词解析（考研1号读者原创） market-oriented 以市场为导向 demands 要求 mechanism n 机制 原理 途径 进程 mechanism (n.) 机制，机构，机械装置， mechanics(n.)力学，机械学 express vt 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达 快递 adj 明确的 迅速的 专门的 n 快递 快车 专使 provide vt 提供 规定 准备 装备 vi 规定 抚养 作准备 process n 进程 行为 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 adj 经过特殊加工（或处理）的 vt 处理 加工 vi 列队前进 relative adj 相对的 有关系的 n 亲戚 相关物 relative adj 相对的 有关系的 成比例的 n 亲戚 相关物 offer vt 提供 出价 试图 vi 提议 出现 relative to 相当于 涉及 bid n 出价 vt 投标 出价 表示 吩咐 vi 投标 吩咐 bid (n. / v.) 出价，投标， ~up 哄抬价格 bid up 抬价 eliminate vt 消除 排除 commodity 商品 货物 日用品 permit vt 许可 允许 n 许可证 执照 regulating (a.) 调节的，regulate (v.) regulation (n.) mechanism n 机制 原理 途径 进程 The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. enterprise (n.) 企（事）业单位，事业，事业心，进取心； private ~私人企业，state-owned ~国有企业，commercial ~ 商业企业 property n 性质 性能 财产 所有权 permit vt 许可 允许 gain control over获得对……的控制 profit (n.)利润，收益，益处，at a ~ 获得利润地；（v.）获益，得利，有利于， ~by/from sth. concept n 观念 概念 embrace n 拥抱 vt 拥抱 信奉 包含 ownership n 所有权 certain adj 某一 必然的 确信 contract vt 感染 订约 使缩短 n 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 婚约 51. In Line 11, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ________. [A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes [B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes [C] Americans want to have their incomes increased [D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________. [A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production [B] consumers can express their demands through producers [C] producers decide the prices of products [D] supply and demand regulate prices 53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________. [A] private property and rights concerned [B] manpower and natural resources control [C] ownership of productive resources [D] free contracts and prices 54. The passage is mainly about ________. [A] how American goods are produced [B] how American consumers buy their goods [C] how American economic system works [D] how American businessmen make their profits overstate vt 夸张 夸大的叙述 purchase n 购买 紧握 起重装置 vt 购买 赢得 sentence n 句子 关于阅读的唯美句子关于古风的唯美句子执行力的经典句子鼓励人努力奋斗的句子用沉默代替一切的句子 命题 宣判 vt 判决 宣判 express adj 明确的 迅速的 专门的 vt 表达 快递 n 快车 快递 demand n/v 需求 regulate vt 调节 规定 控制 characterize vt 描绘的特征 具有的特征 vi 塑造人物 contract n 合同 婚约 vt 感染 订约 使缩短 Text 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here. issue vt 发行 发布 发给 n 问题 流出 issue (v.) 流出，放出，发行，颁布；（n.）发行物，（报刊）期号，问题，争端；issued (a.) 由……发行的 如：bank- ~银行发行的 automatic adj 自动的 无意识的 必然的 automatic (a.) 自动的，无意识的，机械的；（n.）自动机械；automatically (adv.) available adj 有效的 可得的 可利用的 空闲的 available (a.) 可以利用的，可得到的，可见到的，随时可来的； avail (n.)效用，利益，帮助；（v.）有助于 avail n 效用 利益 帮助 v 有助于 automatically adj 不经思索的 adv 自动的 机械的 无意识的 withdraw vt 撤退 收回 撤消 deposit n 存款 保证金 vt 使沉积 存放 scatter n 分散 散播 vt 使散射 使散开 使分散 vi 分散 散开 location n 位置 地点 branch n 树枝 分枝 支流 vt 分支 出现分歧 cashless adj 无现款的 无钱的 不同现金的 cashless (a.) 无现款的，无钱的；cash (n.)现金；（v.）兑换现金； cashier (n.) 出纳 cash n 现金 v 兑换现款 cashier n 出纳 horizon n 地平线 视野 眼界 范围 horizon (n.) 地平线，眼界，见识，on the ~即将来到，已露端倪的；horizontal (a.) horizontal adj 水平的 地平线的 同一阶层的 n 水平线 水平面 on the horizon 在地平线上 即将来临 While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. convenience n 便利 厕所 便利的事物 ring 打电话 ring up 把款项记入现金进出记录机 range n 范围 幅度 track n 轨道 足迹 踪迹 vt 追踪 通过 keep track of 记录 与……保持联系 item n 条款 项目 一则 reorder vt 再订购 重新整理 n 再订购 employee n 雇员 从业员工 efficient adj 有效率的 有能力的 生效的 personnel n 人事部门 全体员工 adj 人员的 有关人事的 staff n 职员 参谋 adj 职员的 行政工作的 vt 供给人员 给配备职员 staffing n 安置员工 assignment n 分配 任务 作业 功课 accordingly adv 相应的 因此 从而 照着（办） accordingly (adv.) 相应地，因此，从而，照着（办）； accordance (n.) 一致， in ~ with与……一致；~ to按照，根据 accordance n 一致 in accordance with 与 ……一致 accordance to 按照 根据 identify vi 确定 认同 一致 vt 确定 识别 使参与 把……看成一样 preferred v 偏爱（perfer的过去分词）adj 优先的 首选的 preferred customers 有优先权的顾客 promotional adj 促销的 增进的 奖励的 提升的 campaigns.是campaign的复数 n 活动 竞选 v 参加战役 参加竞选（campaign的第三人称单数形式） promotional campaigns 促销活动 promotional (a.) 推销的，促销的，提升的，促进的，~campaigns促销活动；promotion (n.)，promote (v.) rely on 依靠 依赖 manufacturers 制造商 厂商 emphasize 强调 raw material 原材料 on hand 在手边 in hand 在手中 在控制下 out of hand 无法控制 无纪律 stock (n.)备料，库存，现货，股票，公债，in~现有 raw adj 生的 未加工的 on hand 在手边（随时可用）；in hand 在手中，在控制下；out of hand无法控制，无纪律 Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. commercial n 商业广告 adj 商业的 盈利的 靠广告收入的 enterprise n 企业 事业 进取心 事业心 gas n 气体 vt 加油 electric utility 电气设施 电业 utility n 实用 效用 公共设施 adj 实用的 通用的 多种用途的 utilities (n.)公用事业，公用事业公司，utility (n.)效用，有用；utilize (v.) utilities 公共事业 公用事业公司 utilize vt 利用 processor n 处理器 处理程序 加工者 efficient adj 有效率的 有能力的 生效的 55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________. [A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes [B] obtain more convenient services than other people do [C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper [D] cash money wherever he wishes to 56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________. [A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards [B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today [C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash [D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 57. The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”. [A] make an order of goods [B] record sales on a cash register [C] call the sales manager [D] keep track of the goods in stock 58. What is this passage mainly about? [A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers. [B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business. [C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises. [D] Advantages of credit cards in business. Text 3 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. exceptional adj 异常的 例外的 exceptional (a.) 反常的，有缺陷的；杰出的，出类拔拔萃的；~children需要特殊照顾的儿童；exception (n.) 除外，例外，with the~ of除……之外 significant adj 重大的 有效的 有意义的 值得注意的 in some way (s)=in one way以某种方法；in a way =to a certain extent but not entirely在某种程度上 potential adj 潜在的 可能的 势的 n 潜能 可能性 potential (n.) 潜能，潜力，full ~最大的潜能；（a.）潜在的，可能的 be adapted to 适应 adapt (v.)（使）适应，适合，改编，改写 ~ to；adaptation (n.) Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation. focus vt 使集中 使聚焦 focus on 集中于 describing 原型describe 描述 描绘 形容 the leading actor 主演 on the stage 在舞台上 capture vt 俘获 获得 attention 注意力 be aware 意识到 了解 省悟 supporting (a.) （演员、节目等）次要的；support (v./n.)支持，支撑，拥护，供养，维持；supporter (n.) 支持者，拥护者；supportive (a.) 支持的，赞助的 scenery n 风景 景色 舞台布景 expression n 表达 表示 表情 expression (n.) 表达，表示，词语，措辞，式子，符号，full ~of 充分表达； express (v.) 表示，表示，(a.)特快的，快速的；(n.) 快车，快递 pass on to 传达 传给 传递给 Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. strengths 优势 强势 prejudices原型prejudice n 偏见 侵害 vt损害 使有偏见 the central value 中心值 代表值 exceptional 反常的 有缺陷的；杰出的， 出类拔萃的 exceptional children 需要特殊照顾的儿童 with the exceptional of 除……之外 indicate v 表明 指出 预示 象征 deserve vt 应受 应得 capabilities capability的复数 n 能力 功能 性能 capability (n.) 能力，才能，技能；capable (a.) “All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. created creat的过去分词形式 v 创造 建立 造成 adj造成的 引起的 democratic adj 民主的 民主政治的 大众的 phrase n 短语 习语 措辞 vt 措辞 denote vt 表示 指示 denote (v.) 表示，意味着，作为（某事物）的名称、符合或象征等 equality 平等的 interpreted interpret的过去分词 v 解释 解读 口译 interpret (v.) 解释，说明，口译；interpreter (n.) 译员，口译者 concept n 观念 概念 implies imply的第三人称单数形式 v 意味着 蕴含 暗指 to the limit of 到顶点，到最大限度 capacity 能量 容量 court decision 法院判决 法院裁定 confirmed confirm的过去分词形式 v 确证 使坚定 adj 确认的 保兑的 坚定的 appropriate adj 适当的 vt 占用 拨出 provide 提供 modify vt 修改 修饰 更改 instruction n 指令 命令 substantially adv 实质上 大体上 充分的 substantially (adv.) 真正地；substantial (a.) 实质的，真实的，坚固的，结实的，富裕的；substance (n.)物质，实质，大意，财产，财物 59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that [A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society [B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are [C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society [D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ________. [A] they are expected to be leaders of the society [B] they might become a burden of the society [C] they should fully develop their potentials [D] disabled children deserve special consideration 61. This passage mainly deals with ________. [A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities [B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society [C] the special educational programs for exceptional children [D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children 62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________. [A] is now enjoying legal support [B] disagrees with the tradition of the country [C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders [D] will exert great influence over court decisions Text 4 “I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.” confidence n 信心 信任 秘密 in vast detail 非常详尽的 in vast detail 非常详尽地；vast (a.)辽阔的，巨大的，大量的；（2） in detail 详细的 detail (n.)细节，详情；in detail详细地 microbiologist n 微生物学家 microbiologist (n.) 微生物学家，micro-前缀表示“微小的，微观的”，如：microeconomics微观经济学 expert n 专家 行家 能手 adj 熟练地 内行的 caution n 小心 谨慎 警告 vt 警告 caution (n.) 警告，告诫，小心，谨慎；（v.）警告，告诫；cautious (a.)小心的谨慎的，~ of cause n 原因 事业 目标 vt 引起 使遭受 infection n 感染 传染 影响 传染病 infection (n.) 感染，传染；infect (v.) infectious (a.) available adj 有效的 可得的 可利用的 空闲的 This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging -- 13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas. suffer 遭受 忍受 survive 幸存 活下来 institute n 学会 协会 学院 estimate vt 估计 估量 判断 评价 figure n 数字 statistic n 统计数值 adj 统计的 统计学的 statistics (n.) 统计资料，统计（学），survival~ 存活人数的统计；statistical (a.)统计的，统计学的 pancreas n 胰腺 With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous. variteies variety n 多样 种类 杂耍 variety (n.)品种，多种多样，a~ of 各种，种种 oncogenes oncogene的复数 致癌基因 inactive adj 不活跃的 cosmic adj 宇宙的 等于cosmical radiation n 辐射 发光 放射物 dormant adj 休眠的 静止的 隐匿的 cancerous adj 癌的 生癌的 The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.” The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. exact adj 准确的 精密的 精确地 mechanism n 机制 原理 途径 进程 mysterious adj 神秘的 不可思议的 难解的 likehood adj 可能性 initiated initiate的过去式 v 开始 发起 开创 prevent vt 预防 防止 阻止 vi 妨碍 evolutionary adj 进化的 发展的 渐进的 oncologist 肿瘤学家 factor 因素 eliminate vt 消除 排除 cosmic ray 宇宙射线 prospect n 前途 预期 景色 distant adj 遥远的 prepare against 为防止……而准备 prepare against为防止……而准备 “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.” responsible for 是……的缘由 为……负责 counteract v 对抗 抵制 中和 counteract (v.) 对抗，抵制，中和；counter-前缀表示“反”，“逆”，如：counter-clockwise (a./ad.)逆时针方向 63. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to ________. [A] predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade [B] indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright [C] prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years [D] warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered predict vt 预报 预言 预知 conquer vt 战胜 征服 攻克 64. The author implies that by the year 2000, ________. [A] there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients [B] 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living [C] the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers [D] there won’ t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients drastic adj 激烈地 猛烈地 statistic adj 统计的 统计学的 n 统计数值 fairly 相当的 公平的 various adj 各种各样的 多方面的 65. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes ________. [A] that are always in operation in a healthy person [B] which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated [C] that can be driven out of normal cells [D] which normal cells can’t turn off 66. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably m