How Write Paper Wuhan

nullRequest for writing samplesRequest for writing samplesHave you written a technical paper in English? (Or would you like to? Please give us a one or two page writing sample - any of the following Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References Figure LegendsHard copy or email to Linda - hopewuhan@163.comHands-on critiques availableHands-on critiques availablePlease submit today Sessions 20 October 10:30- 11:30 20 October 14:00 - 15:00How to Write a Scientific PaperHow to Write a Scientific PaperBiomedical: basic science or clinicalHandouts (also on the web)Handouts (also on the web)How to Write a Manuscript for Submission to a Biomedical (Basic Science) Journal How to Write a Manuscript for Submission to a Biomedical (Clinical) Journal http://www.mcg.edu/research/editorialo.htm pdf links on bottom on the web pagePoints to RememberPoints to RememberYour paper should represent a critical argument. Clear writing results from clear thinking. Clear thinking results from clear writing. Write with vigor. Write to excite.And……..And……..LOGIC LOGIC LOGIC Your paper must be logical!Universal GuidelinesUniversal GuidelinesUniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals http://www.icmje.org Contains a lot of useful informationSections of a PaperSections of a PaperTitle (title page) Abstract Introduction Materials & Methods Results, including figures Discussion Acknowledgments References Figure legendsTitleTitleConcise and descriptive Preferably not a declarative sentence This: Disruption of the ARF-Mdm2-p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway in Myc-induced Lymphomagenesis Not: B-cell Lymphomas Occur in Transgenic Mice When the Myc Oncogene Inactivates ARF or p53 Authorship a sticky issueAuthorship a sticky issueTo be an author, the investigator must: Have contributed significant ideas and experimental design Have taken part in significant aspects of the experimentation, data analysis, or interpretation Have participated in the writing (draft or revision) of the manuscriptnullEach author should see the final version and give consent to authorship. Order of authorship should be joint decision of co-authors. MCG’s guideline to authors http://www.mcg.edu/research/policy/guidelines/htm AbstractAbstractLess than 250 words Make every word count Single paragraph (except for clinical journals) nullAbstract should summarize: Problem Methods used Results Overall conclusions Abstract should be able to stand alone No abbreviations No references IntroductionIntroductionPurpose of the paper Why should you care about this problem? Background information Previous experiments done by others (but tell a story, start to finish, not random details)Remember Remember Be Logical Introduction should be a logical story Materials & MethodsMaterials & MethodsStart with biological materials: cell lines, mouse strains Use chronological order for methods End with data analysis tools Statistical methods, computer programs How much detail? Enough so that another investigator can repeat the experiment nullFor established method, give reference and include modifications you made Southern blots were performed as described (24) except that…. For method published but not widely known, give brief description In vitro phosphorylation was performed essentially as described (30). Phosphorylation reactions contained 25 mM…….nullIdentify chemicals precisely, give manufacturer, city, and state in parenthesis Glutathione-agarose, (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) For specific instruments and equipment, give precise name and manufacturer information Analyzed on a FACScan (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA) Give concentrations of chemicals For assays, give final concentration of solutions nullFor animal studies, indicate that the procedures were in accordance with the institutional guide or Animal Care & Use CommitteenullFor human subject studies, indicate that procedures followed were in accordance with the Institutional Review Board and Declaration of Helsinki. Indicate that informed consent was obtained No patient names, initials, or hospital numbers Use unique identifiers that allow only the investigator to link the data to the patient ResultsResultsFlow in a linear fashion Logical For each set of experiments, Tell why you did the experiment Tell how you did it Present the data Give the conclusions from the data But not the interpretation nullUse topic sentences In order to determine whether.. Results from the previous experiment suggest that……To more precisely map the DNA-binding region… Refer to Materials & Methods Western analysis was performed as described in Materials and Methods, using antibody RM203 as probe. nullState what the data tell you. As can be seen in Fig. 3B, control cultures contained large numbers of apoptotic cells, whereas cultures of cells expressing the PDQ gene showed very little apoptosis. It may be helpful at times to add in the text: (compare lanes 1 and 2 to lanes 5 and 6, Fig. 4A) DiscussionDiscussionState your conclusions. Why are they novel and important? Do not reiterate the actual data from Results section. Discuss the implications of your work in reference to studies by others. Do not repeat the Introduction, but relate your work to what you presented earlier.nullDiscuss possible reasons why your results conflict with others. Speculate, but be sure the reader knows you are speculating! Suggest new experiments, but remember, someone else might do them before you do! Make every word count. Kill verbosity.AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledge and thank colleagues who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship. Provided reagents Referred patients Provided technical help Suggested an experiment Discussed your results Critically read the manuscriptnull Acknowledge financial support Agency, grant number Use We thank… not We would like to thankReferencesReferencesUse a reference program EndNote, Reference Manager Keep it up-to-date Every time you read a paper, add it to the libraryFigure LegendsFigure LegendsThe reader should be able to look at the figure and legend and be able to understand how the experiment was done, as well as know the results. Title of figure can state what figure represents Levels of p53 protein in human lymphomas. Northern blot analysis of myc oncogene in colon carcinomas.nullOr, title can give conclusion of figure p53 protein expression is absent in most human lymphomas. Expression of myc oncogene is increased in colon carcinomas. Use brief, clipped style (can leave out a/an/the) Legend should state how the experiment was done null Tumors were excised from brains of mice and DNA isolated as described in Materials and Methods. Equivalent amounts of DNA were digested with Eco RI as described and loaded onto agarose gels. Southern blotting was performed using c-myc probe 468. Lanes 1-4, DNA isolated from malignant glial tumors from four different mice; lanes 5-8, DNA isolated from normal glial cells from syngeneic control mice; lane 9, size markers as indicated. Arrow indicates 683 bp band, as expected for…… nullCheck lane numbers, graph symbols, other notations between figures and text!!!Differences between Western and Chinese JournalsDifferences between Western and Chinese Journals From Lu Jinxiu (Ningxia Medical College) Science Editor (2004) 27:120-121nullWestern journals have more developed and complete Introduction and Discussion sections Chinese journals use Discussion to repeat well-known knowledge; Western puts that in the Introduction nullWestern journals discuss limitations of the research; Chinese usually do not. Chinese journals use much fewer number of references. Western journal articles may contain 30 to 50 references. Final Bits of AdviceFinal Bits of AdviceWrite for an extended period of time. Let your first draft lie dormant for a while, then reread. When you rewrite, check meanings of words. Let a colleague read your paper Listen to his/her comments. Accept them. Don’t be defensive.nullAny Questions ?