篮球裁判基础教学及裁判手势图

篮球裁判基础教学及裁判手势图 1. 篮球裁判法与竞赛规则 一、 篮球裁判方法和技巧 1、裁判员 政治素质:严肃认真，公正准确。 2、 业务素质:精通规则和裁判法;掌握篮球技术和战术;了解篮球运动的发展状况;不断更新知识;了解判罚尺度;提 高裁判水平。 3、 心理素质:有自信心，有胆量，有良好的心情，有良好的注意力，临场态度审慎宽容。 4、 身体素质:速度快，耐力好。 5、 比赛前的准备 按时到达比赛地点。开好准备会。做好身体准备活动。检查比赛设备。监督球队的热身练习。确定球篮与球队席位。选择 比赛用球。前十分钟主裁检查记录表。 前六分钟介绍运动员等。前三分钟运动员最后的准备。前一分钟主裁持球进入赛场。 二、 比赛的开始和结束 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 1、 比赛开始:主裁用握手明确双方队长;主裁与副裁联系;主裁面对记录台在两名跳球队员之间将球垂直抛起;副裁核实拍球是否合法;副裁做开表手势并做前导裁判;主裁做追踪裁判; 2、 比赛结束:当记录台发出比赛结束的信号时，主裁立即鸣哨宣布比赛结束，副裁拿球，两人一起走到记录台。检查计时钟核对记录表，由计时员、记录员、副裁、主裁依次在记录表上签字。 3、 前导裁判的占位:快速位于比赛的前方，在其左侧的 3 分线和其右侧的限制区边缘之间的端线外移动。 4、 前导裁判的责任:负责右边线和端线;三分投篮时作出手势;判罚粗野行为(附带的接触不判犯规)。 5、 出界和掷球入界 当球出界时，分管裁判立即鸣哨，举手以停止计时钟，指出掷球入界队的比赛方向(看不清哪方使球出界时，可寻求帮助或争球)。裁判员递交球给掷球队员并检查掷球入界的情况，在距违犯最近的边线或端线(篮板后除外)将球掷入界内，球入界作开表手势。另一裁判观察场内其他队员的情况。 二、 投篮情况 攻、防中的干扰球:在投篮中，球下落并整体在篮圈之上，在球触及篮圈之前或球明显不会触及篮圈之前，攻、防队员都不得触及球。守方触球得分有效，掷端线球。攻方触球违例，由守方掷边线球。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 1、 三分投篮:三分试投，追踪裁判打出试投手势(举起伸出三指的一只手臂)。如果投中，就举起双臂表示成功。队员在4区试投三分，前导裁判要协助同伴。三分线不是三分投篮区的一部分。 2、 手势和程序 3、 手势:指明比赛中发生了什么情况。对任何违犯只须吹一次洪亮而干脆的口哨，同时做停表手势(向上伸直手臂，犯规握拳，违例手指伸开并拢)。手势与眼同高、离开身体、在离记录台 6 至 8 米的空间做出。 4、 违例:负责此违例的裁判----(1)鸣哨停表;(2)指出违例类型(球出界除外);(3)指出比赛方向。(裁判递交球，掷界外球继续比赛) 5、 犯规:负责此犯规的裁判员:(1)鸣哨停表，另一臂指向犯规队员的腰部(2)移向记录台，报告犯规队员的号码(3)指出犯规类型(4)指出罚球次数或比赛方向。(手势完成后，裁判员交换位置。 5、 控制球队犯规:(1)鸣哨停表(2)握拳指向犯规队球(3)报告犯规队员的号码，做带球撞人手势(4)握拳指向比赛方向 6、 犯规和成功的投篮:宣判犯规的裁判----(1)鸣哨停表，确认投篮算得分。(2)报告犯规队员的号码。(3)指出犯规类型。(4)指出再判给一次罚球。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 7、 双方犯规:(1)鸣哨做出双方犯规的手势。(2)分别报告犯规的球队和队员。(3)掷界外球或跳球继续比赛。 8、 犯规后的裁判员占位:一裁判宣判犯规，另一裁判注意场上队员并拾球移向比赛重新开始的地方。两裁判交换位置。 9 两裁判员宣告犯规:两裁判员大约同时鸣哨判一个犯规，先联系，再由最靠近的裁判员或比赛朝其运动的裁判员处理这一宣判。 三、 罚球 1、 追踪裁判的责任:(1)进入罚球区(就不准换人或暂停)做出罚球次数的手势，将球递交给罚球队员;(2)注视罚球队员;(3)注视其对面罚球区站位的队员们;(4)计算 5 秒;(5)注视球的飞行和在篮圈上的球;(6)确认罚球是否成功;(7)管理多次罚球中的第一次罚球。 2、 前导裁判的责任:位于端线后两脚分别站在罚球区延长线的两侧。(1)注视其对面罚球区站位的队员们;(2)负责管理第2次以后的罚球，或犯规和中篮后仅有的1 次罚球。 3、 没有队员在位置区的罚球:执行两罚一掷时，队员不沿罚球区站位。由宣判裁判管理罚球，另一裁判站在记录台对面边线的中点处，准备执行掷界外球。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 四、 暂停和替换 1、 暂停的管理:某队请求暂停，记录员应在球成死球并停止比赛计时钟时(如果一裁判员正在报告犯规，要等报告结束)，用信号通知裁判员。信号发出前，暂停可撤消。靠近记录台的裁判员管理暂停。另一裁判员应持球站在将重新开始比赛的地方。如在靠近球队席处继续比赛，他应先到端线处，等暂停结束再进来。请求暂停后，对方投篮得分，可获得暂停。记录员发信号，计时员停表。 2、 替换的管理:记录员发出替换信号后，靠近记录台的裁判员管理这次替换。替换后一队在场上参加比赛的队员要有5名，责任是教练员的，而不是裁判员的。裁判员要尽快使比赛从新开始。 五、篮球竞赛规则 1、 裁判员:发生违犯时的 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx :鸣哨、停表;用手势宣告发生了什么违犯(如犯规要登记并举犯规次数牌);重新开始比赛(掷界外球或罚球)。 2、 记录员的职责:登记队员姓名和号码;记分;记录队员、教练员的犯规，举犯规次数牌;通知裁判暂停或换人，登记暂停等。 3、 计时员的职责:按规则规定掌握比赛时间的运行(计时钟的动和停)和停止的时间:每半时开始，暂停结束。 4、 30秒钟计时员的职责:一队员一获得控制活球，就开动30秒钟装置。球队一控制球结束，就停止30秒钟装置。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 5、 队员、替补队员和教练员 6、 球队:主队(秩序册中队名列前的队)穿浅色服装(最好白色)，客队(秩序册中队名列后的队)穿深色服装。球队要使用4至15的号码。 7、 教练员的职责和权力:在比赛前20分钟要将队员姓名、号码，以及队长、教练员的书面名单送交记录员。指明开始上场的5名队员。是唯一可与记录台联系的代表。队长可以担任教练员。 8、 队员和替补队员:必须把他们的背心塞进短裤内，一体的服装是允许的。不得佩带对其他队员有危险的装备。后背的号码至少高20厘米，前胸的号码至少高10厘米，号码的宽度不得少于2厘米。 六、 时间通则 1、 比赛时间:上下半时，每半时20分钟。或4节，每节12分钟。 .2 、开表:跳球，球被合法拍击时;罚球未中，球触及场上队员时;掷界外球，球触及场上队员时。 3、 停表:在半时、一节或决胜期时间终了时;裁判员鸣哨时;30秒信号响时;得分而对方已请求了暂停时;在比赛、决胜期最后2分钟期间，投篮得分时。 4、 30秒钟规则:一队员控制一个活球时，该队应在30秒内投篮，否则违例。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 5、 要登记的暂停:暂停的时机----死球且停表时;对方投篮得分时;裁判员报告犯规完毕时。40分钟的比赛，每队在上半时可要2次暂停，下半时可要3次暂停。 48分钟的比赛，每队在每半时(2节)可要3次暂停。每一决胜期可要1次暂停。 6、 决胜期:40或48分钟内的比赛结束得分相等，要延长5分钟为决胜期继续比赛，必要时可进行几个决胜期，直到分出胜负为止。决胜期是下半时或第4节的继续，要跳球开始。 七、 比赛通则 1、 比赛开始:上场队员不满5名，比赛不能开始。比赛以跳球开始。下半时双方要交换球篮。 2、 活球:当:跳球时球离裁判员手时。罚球时罚球队员可处理球时。掷界外球时掷界外球队员可处理球时。 3、 死球:任何中篮时;裁判员鸣哨时;罚球后还有罚则时。 4、 队员和裁判员的位置:取决于他们所接触的地面。 5、 跳球:任一跳球队员不能抓住球或触及球超过2次。如几名队员紧握球，不采取粗野动作，谁都无法获球时，判争球。 6、 控制球:队员控制球:拿着球或运着一个活球或掷界外球时掷界外球队员可处理球时。球队控制球:该队队员控制球或球在同队队员之间传递时。 7、 队员在做投篮动作:将球投、扣或拍向对方球篮开始得分尝试时。原地投篮，得分尝试继续到球离手。跳起投篮，得分尝试fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 继续到双脚落地。 8、 掷界外球:球中篮后，掷界外球的对方队员不得触及球(无意除外)，否则技术犯规。掷界外球的队员不得:在球离手前从裁判员指定的地点横向移动超过正常的一步;球离手的时间超过5秒;掷球越过篮板;从前场掷到后场;否则判给对方掷界外球。如界界外区域到障碍物不足2米，任一队员不得站在距掷界外球的队员1米之内。 9、 替换:当死球且停表时;裁判员报告犯规完毕时，替补队员可请求替换。一队违例后不得首先提出替换(任一队犯规、暂停例外)。在比赛、决胜期最后2分钟期间，投篮得分时不得替换。罚球队员可被替换。如场上出现某队多于5名队员时，若仅有5名队员的队控制球，等比赛告一段落再停止比赛来处理;若有6名队员的队控制球，比赛应立即停止。判给对方队两罚一掷。 10、 比赛因弃权告负:过了比赛开始时间15分钟球队未出场或能上场的队员不足5名时，和其他阻碍比赛正常进行的行为。罚则:判对方胜(20:0)，弃权队名次排列记0分。 11、 比赛因缺少队员告负:某队场上队员少于2人，判该队因缺少队员告负。罚则:获胜队比分领先，则以比赛停止时的比分作为结局。否则记获胜队以2:0的比分获胜。 八、违例 1、 违例(违犯规则)的罚则:违例的队失去球权，若中篮无效。由对方队在发生违例的最近地点掷界外球(篮板后面的地方除fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 外)。 2、 队员和球出界:当队员接触边(端)线或以外的地面，或其他物体，即是队员出界。当球触及界外的人或物、篮架、篮板背面或上方和篮板背面的任何物体，即是球出界。球出界前最后触及球的队员是使球出界的队员。 3、 运球规则:控球队员运球后，双手同时触球或使球在一手或两手中停留的瞬间运球即完毕。连续投篮、漏接、抢球中的挑拍、拍击别人控制的球、拦截传球不算运球。第一次运球结束后不得再次运球，除非他投篮、球被对方拍击、传球或漏接球触及了另一队员。队员不得掷球打篮板后首先触球(投篮除外)。 4、 带球走规则:定义----中枢脚不离开与地面的接触点时出现了旋转或改变了接触点。中枢脚的确定:接球前(后)双脚同时着地，可用任一脚作中枢脚，一脚抬起的一刹那，另一脚就为中枢脚。接球前一脚着地，接球后另一脚着地，则先着地的脚是中枢脚。在传球或投篮中，中枢脚可抬起，但在球离手前不能再落地。运球开始时，在球离手前中枢脚不能抬起。当一名队员持球跌倒或躺(坐)在地上获得球后，在地上移动或试图站起来，这是违例的。 5、 3秒钟规则:某队控球，该队队员不得在对方的限制区内停留超过持续的3秒钟。若接近3秒时，他试图离开限制区或运球投篮、他或同伴正在做投篮动作，必须予以默许。 6、 被严密防守的持球队员:要在5秒钟内传、投、滚或运球。否则违例。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 7、 10秒钟规则:某队控球，必须在10秒钟内使球从后场进入前场。 8、 球回后场:某队在前场控制活球(前场掷界外球)，球回后场前最后触球，球回后场后最先触球，判该队球回后场违例。 9、 干扰球:投篮时，球在飞行中下落或球碰篮板后，完全在篮圈水平面之上时，进攻或防守队员不得触球，否则违例。攻方违例不得分，守方违例判攻方得分，守方掷界外球，除非比赛时间终了。 九、 侵人犯规 1、 犯规:含有身体接触和/或违反体育道德的举止。 2、 接触:是否处罚一个身体接触，要权衡:规则的精神和意图、比赛的完整、有利/无利(附带的接触，没使责任人得利，也未置对方不利)。 3、 侵人犯规:在活球或死球时，与对方队员非法接触是侵人犯规。队员不准伸展手臂、肩、髋、腿，来拉、阻挡、推、撞、拌对方队员。罚则:登记一次侵人犯规。若对非投篮队员犯规，由对方掷界外球或处以犯规队全队犯规罚则;若对投篮队员犯规，中篮算并加罚1次球。如投篮不中，则根据情况判给2或3次罚球;攻方犯规，中篮无效，由守方掷界外球。 4、 垂直原则:队员以正常姿势占据的地面空间称为圆柱体，前到双脚脚尖，后到臀部，左右到臂、腿的外侧，向上无限延长，垂直跳起时的下方空间。任一队员有权占据没被对方占据的圆柱体。离开自己的圆柱体与已经确立了圆柱体的对方队员发生身体fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 接触，自己对此接触负责。 5、 合法防守位置:正面对对手，两脚以正常的跨立姿势着地。 6、 防守控球队员:时间和距离的因素不适用。建立合法防守位置的防守队员可移动防守，但不得伸展臂、肩、臀、腿以阻止进攻队员的行动。防守队员先建立合法防守位置，并接触发生在躯干，由进攻队员负责此接触。 7、 腾空的队员:有权落回起跳点，有权落在起跳时未被占据的地点，有权通过起跳点与落地点之间尚未被占据的直线通道。移至腾空队员的身下或路径上，通常是违反体育道德的犯规，甚至是取消比赛资格的犯规。 8、 防守无球队员:时间和距离的因素要适用。在移动的对方队员路径上占据一个位置，要给对手足够的时间或距离(正常的一步)停步或改变方向。如不顾时间和距离的因素，在占位时发生接触，他对接触负责。 9、 合法和非法掩护:发生接触时已双脚着地并静止不动是合法掩护。接触时正在移动、在静立对手的 视野之外建立掩护没给出适当的距离、对移动的队员忽视时间和距离的因素是非法掩护。 10、 用手和/或臂接触对方队员:获利、限制了对方的自由移动是犯规。 11、 双方犯规:两名对抗队员大约同时互相发生接触犯规。罚则:记双方各一次侵人犯规，不判给罚球。双方犯规时一方控球，由控球方掷界外球继续比赛。如都不控球就跳球继续比赛。如一方投篮得分，就由对方掷端线球继续比赛。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 12、 违反体育道德的犯规;是指队员不在规则的精神和意图的范围内合法地直接地试图抢球造成的侵人犯规或严重犯规。拉、打、推通常是违反体育道德的犯规。对多次发生违反体育道德犯规的队员可取消其比赛资格。罚则:登记犯规队员一次违反体育道德的犯规，判给对方罚球(未做投篮判2次罚球，中篮再判1次罚球，投篮未中根据地点判2或3次罚球)再加一次球权。 13、 取消比赛资格的犯规:是任何十分恶劣的不道德的犯规。当教练员因违反体育道德的行为而被登记2次技术犯规时，或因助理教练员、替补队员、在球队席上的随队人员的违反体育道德的行为而被登记3次技术犯规或3次技术犯规中其中1次是登记教练员的时，教练员也要取消比赛资格。罚则是登记一次取消比赛资格的犯规，令其去休息室或离开体育馆，判给对方罚球(次数同违反体育道德的犯规)和随后的球权。 十、技术犯规 1、 行为规则定义: 双方球队争取获胜，行为必须符合体育道德精神和良好的比赛作风、与裁判员有完美和真诚的合作。任何故意或一再违反上述精神要视为技术犯规。用十分恶劣的行为侵犯对方队员或裁判员，要立即取消其比赛资格。必要时可请保安进入场地维持秩序。 2、 队员的技术犯规:指所有不与对方队员发生身体接触的队员犯规。有技术犯规(漠视裁判员、讲话不礼貌、冒犯或煽动观众、戏弄对方、在对方眼前摇手妨碍他的视觉、妨碍掷界外球延误比赛、擅自换号码、替补队员擅自上场比赛、身体的整个重量都悬fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 挂在篮圈上、摇动篮板或篮圈阻止球进篮等)和违反体育道德的技术犯规。罚则:登记技术犯规，一起技术犯规判给对方2次罚球，一起违反体育道德的技术犯规判给对方2罚1掷。 3、 教练员、替补队员或随队人员的技术犯规:他们必须留在自己的球队席区域内，除非得到裁判员或医生的许可，才可进入比赛场地。替补队员可到记录台请求替换，教练员可到记录台请求暂停或在停止计时钟时礼貌地询问有关事宜，只准教练员在比赛中保持站立。违反本规定要记一次教练员技术犯规，判给对方2罚1掷。 4、 比赛休息时间内的技术犯规:比赛休息时间是指，比赛开始前的阶段(20分钟)，任何两节间的、两半时间的和所有决胜期前的时间间隔。宣判一名合格球员、教练员及随队人员休息时间技术犯规要登记，判给对方2次罚球，然后跳球继续比赛。球员休息时间内的技术犯规要计入全队犯规之中(是紧着的半时或下一节中发生犯规的一部分)。 5、 打架:是一种在两人或多人之间发生的相互斗殴。在打架中替补队员、随队人员离开球队席区域,教练员离开球队席区域不是维持秩序，他们要被取消比赛资格。罚则:替补队员被取消比赛资格，他要被登记一次技术犯规，另给教练员登记一次单一的技术犯规。随队人员被取消比赛资格，要给教练员登记一次技术犯规。教练员被取消比赛资格，要给教练员登记一次技术犯规。不论这次被取消比赛资格的人数有多少，只判给相关队2罚1掷。 十一、一般规定 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 1、 基本原则:每位裁判员都有独立做出宣判的权力。对每起犯规都要登记。 2、 队员5次或6次犯规:40分钟的比赛，一名队员累计5次犯规，48分钟的比赛，一名队员累计6次犯规，要通知他退出比赛并在30秒内被替换。他再犯规登记在教练员的名下。 3、 全队犯规处罚规则:每半时(20分钟)，一个队的队员犯规已共达7次时，每节(12分钟)，一个队的队员犯规已共达4次时，以后的犯规(除进攻犯规外)要处以2次罚球(由受到侵犯的队员执行)。如涉及更为严重的罚则，就要执行更为严重的罚则。 4、 特殊情况下的犯规:在一起犯规后的同一个停表期间发生多起犯规。登记所有的犯规，认定所有犯规的罚则，确定它们在宣判中的次序，抵消两队相同的判罚(跳球重新开始)，丧失所有的球权(除非该球权是被保留执行的最后罚则的一部分)，被保留的罚则按次序执行。 5、 罚球:侵人犯规，判给罚球时，裁判员要指定受到侵犯的队员执行罚球。如要替换罚球队员，他执行了罚球后才能被替换;如罚球队员受伤或被取消资格必须离场时，由替换他的队员执行罚球;如没有有效的替补队员或对方技术犯规，由队长指定队员罚球。 他可处理球时，要在5秒内投篮出手，在球触及篮圈前不得踩罚球线或罚球线前的地面，不得做罚球假动作，球向球篮飞行的途fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 中不得触球，球与球篮接触时不得触及球篮或篮板，否则违例。罚球队员违例的罚则:不得分，判给对方在罚球线的延长部分掷界外球(除非还有罚球)。 位置区的站据:防守队员最多3名、进攻最多2名可占据限制区两侧，第一、三位置区由罚球的对方占据，第二位置区由罚球方占据，不得站错。在位置区的队员，在罚球队员球离手之前不得移动;球在飞行中不得触球直到球触及篮圈或球明显不会触及篮圈;球与篮圈接触时不得触及球篮或篮板;还有罚球的任一罚球中，球有进篮的可能就不得触及球、球篮或篮板。 对方不得当球在球篮中时触及球或球篮，不得扰乱罚球队员。罚球合法并成功，其它违例不究，中篮计得分。罚球合法但不成功，本方违例，判给对方掷界外球;对方违例，重罚一次;双方违例，跳球继续比赛。如对方在空中干扰球违例，判罚球成功。最后一次或仅有的一次罚球，对方在球触及篮圈前触及了球，算得1分，并记对方一次技术犯规。 最后一次或仅有的一次罚球，球触及了篮圈并被其他队员在球进入球篮之前合法触及就为一个2分投篮。其他队员留在罚球线的延长部分和3分投篮线之后，直到球撞击篮圈或罚球结束。在2次罚球和随后还有球权时，位置区不得站人，所有队员留在罚球线的延长部分和3分投篮线之后。 6、 能纠正的错误:判给不应得的罚球;不该罚球的队员执行了罚球;在错误的球篮执行了罚球;没判给应得的罚球;不正确地判给了得分或取消得分。失误都发生在死球时，球成活球、计时钟运行、再次死球，失误可纠正。再次活球后失误不能纠正。当fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the 裁判员发现能纠正的失误时，可立即停止比赛，只要不使任一队处于不利。记录员发现失误，要等第一次死球时发出信号。 失误被识别之前已发生的比赛不得取消。失误是前3项时，作为失误的结果而罚球和伴随罚球过成的所有行为均取消，除非出现 违反体育道德的犯规、取消比赛资格的犯规或技术犯规。纠正失误时队员被合法替换，他必须再上场去纠正失误。如他不能再上 场时，他的合法替补人必须参加纠正失误。失误纠正后比赛要从纠正失误的中断处重新开始。主裁判在记录表上签字后，失误不 能被纠正。记录表上的错误可在主裁判签字前的任何时候对其纠正。 fertility better. Site preparation before planting, clearing rubble, if conditions for soil disinfection can be carried out. Thickness of planting soil: Arbor thickness not less than 90cm, shrubs not less than 60cm, to be not less than 20cm. Poor quality of the soil, should enlarge the hole (hole) specifications, and debris picked up by clearing encountered lime slag, against the growth substances such as stone, asphalt, you should pit (hole) diameter increased 1 to twice times, harmful substances removal clean and put on suitable planting soil. F, green natural trees found in the planting hole dug seriously affect the operation of the underground obstacle, get in touch with designers, the appropriate changes. ?, seedling quality of trees dug a well ... C, trees have been delivered to the site in a given place, to turn the roots covered with straw to prevent water loss. ? trees planted seedlings before planting quality requirements: should be checked according to the design drawings and seedling varieties, specifications and plant location. Principles of plant "outside the high to low, the first after the first" grown order "big tree---small tree---shrub-plants" before the tree into planting holes, you should check the planting hole size and depth, while root system requirements are not met, trimming plants dibble. A, seedling rate should be commensurate with the speed of planted seedlings, planted along, kind of finish, minimizing root exposure. On planting trench, remaining seedling exposed roots should be kept buried with soil. B, depending on the specific seedlings, good seedlings and planting depth should be identified, roots with soil plug solid rear mud balls can be under the