初中化学计算题专题复习学案[1]

初中化学计算题专题复习学案[1] 初中化学计算题专题复习 一、 知识储备: 1、相对分子质量: ;CO的相对分子质量= ; 2 2、化学式中各元素的质量比: ;CO中C:O= ; 2 3、化学式中某元素的质量分数: ;CO中C%= 。 2 4、根据化学方程式计算的步 骤: ; ; ; ; 。 5、溶质质量分数 。 二、典题讲解及跟踪练习 (一)、根据化学式计算 例1.(2011 济宁市)茶是我国的特产，种类很多。其中，绿茶是将新鲜的茶叶炒熬，破坏其中酵素，再经搓揉、烘焙而成。茶叶的化学成分:主要是茶碱(CHNO?HO)，还有鞣酸及芳香油等。阅读以810422 上信息后回答:?茶碱(CHNO?HO)分子中______原子的个数最多;810422 ?茶碱(CHNO?HO)中________元素的质量分数最大。 810422 【跟踪练习1】((2011 肇庆市)媒体近日报道:市面上部分方便面遭到塑化剂污染，长期接触塑化剂可引起血液系统、生殖系统损害，其中，塑化剂(DMP)分子式为CHO。求:(1)DMP的相对分子质10104 量为_______;(2)DMP分子中C、H、O 三种元素的质量比为____________;(3)DMP分子中氧元素的质量分数为(结果精确到0(01)________。 (二)、根据化学方程式计算 题型一:根据质量守恒定律，在有气体生成的化学反应中，反应前后减少的质量为生成的气体质量;有气体参加的反应，反应后增加的质量为气体的质量。 real, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decision-making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by the investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counter-current process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Marketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion of 例2((2011 宿迁市)某兴趣小组为测定实验室中一瓶久置的过氧化氢溶液中溶质的质量分数，实验测得相关数据如下图所示: (1)剩余的混合物中二氧化锰的质量为 g，反应生成氧气的质量为 g。(2)计算该过氧化氢溶液中溶质质量分数。 【跟踪练习2】1、(2011 徐州市)医学上常用双氧水来清洗创口和局部抗菌。小美同学为了测定一瓶医用双氧水溶液的溶质质量分数，取该双氧水69g放入烧杯中，然后加入2g二氧化锰，完全反应后，称得烧杯内剩余物质的总质量为69(04g。请回答下列问题; (1)二氧化锰在反应中的作用是 ，生成的氧气为 g。 2)该双氧水溶液的溶质质量分数。(写出计算过程) 2、(2011 肇庆市)某同学欲测定草木灰中碳酸钾的含量，称取69 g试样于烧杯中，加入29(2g稀盐酸恰好完全反应，充分反应后，称得混合物的总质量为93(8 g(忽略二氧化碳的溶解对质量的影响)。请计算: (1)反应过程中产生的二氧化碳质量为 g。 (2)该草木灰试样中碳酸钾的质量分数。 题型二:有关图像题的计算，要从图像中获取数据进行分析后计算，特别注意图像中拐点的意义。 promo nts within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets,e to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departmeGuid Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification t Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation.gemenpotential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk mana valuations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significantrketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence ecurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Ma-on, credit first and then record, counterthe investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigatimaking errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by -sion, resulting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omis-credit decision false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting inovide ed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to prfor by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failreal, in each pen business lending Qian not 2tion of 例3. (2011 湛江市)实验室有一瓶未知浓度的BaCl溶液，某同学取出150g该溶2 液于烧杯中，向其中逐滴加入溶质质量分数为26(5%的NaCO溶液。 23 反应过程中生成沉淀的质量与所用NaCO溶液质量的关系如图甲所示。已知:BaCl232，NaCO,BaCO?，2NaCl 请计算: 233 (1) 配制26(5%的NaCO溶液80g， 23 (2) 需要NaCO固体 g。 23 (3) BaCl溶液的溶质质量分数是多少, 2 (4) (写出计算过程，结果保留到0(1%) 【跟踪练习3】(2011 烟台市)(6分)某环保小组监测到一湿法冶铜厂排放的废水中含有硫酸和硫酸铜两种污染物，为测定该废水中各污染物的含量，给冶铜厂提供处理废水的参考，环保小组的同学进行了以下实验。取废水500g，向其中加入溶质 所加入的氢氧化钠溶液的质量关质量分数为20,的氢氧化钠溶液。测得沉淀质量与 系如下图: 根据所得数据计算: (1)500 g该废水中硫酸铜的质量。 (2)该废水中硫酸的溶质质量分数。 题型三:有关表格题的计算，要分析表格，从表格中获取数据，并选择正确的数据进行计算。 icle 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendmees artns result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articlent to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violatiorketing Management Departmcurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Ma-the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counterthe investigators. (10) without making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by -clusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report con-management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decisionts, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit evant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warranreal, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the rel3vidual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion off indiisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality o. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jur2), Nont. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (201 例4((2011 哈尔滨市)(5分)为了测定某粉末状黄铜(铜、锌合金)样品中铜的质量分数，洋洋同学取一定质量的黄铜样品放入烧杯中，再取40g稀盐酸分四次加入烧杯中，均充分反应，实验数据如下: 第一次 第二次 第三次 第四次 (1)上述反应的化学方程式 加入稀盐酸质 10 10 10 10 为 量(g) (2)根据锌的质量列出求解第 剩余固体的质量 9(10 8(45 7(80 7(80 二次生成氢气质量(x)的比例 (g) 式 ; (3)所用稀盐酸中溶质的质量分数为 ; (4)用36(5,的浓盐酸配制40g上述稀盐酸，需要浓盐酸的质量为 ; (5)黄铜样品中铜的质量分数为 。 【跟踪练习4】(2011 乐山市)(8分)小苏打(主要成分为NaHCO)中常含有少量氯化钠。3 化学兴趣小组的同学为了测定某品牌小苏打中NaHCO的质量分数。进行了以下实验:称量样品3 置于烧杯中，向其中慢慢滴加稀盐酸，至不再产生气泡为止，测得的有关数据如下表所示。 t Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendment. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation.gemenpotential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articles article 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk mana valuations or providing false information. (12) other violations result in credit business at substantial risk or significantrketing Management Department to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence ecurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Ma-on, credit first and then record, counterthe investigators. (10) without the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigatimaking errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by -sion, resulting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report conclusions of false record, misleading statement or material omis-credit decision false information, is not required by the guest rating credit management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting inovide ed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warrants, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to prfor by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bank operation, failreal, in each pen business lending Qian not 4tion ofpromo nts within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality of individual credit business, optimize the structure of assets,e to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departmeGuid Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (2012), No. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification 试计算:(计算结果保留一位小数)(1)样品中的NaHCO质量分数; 3 (2)所得溶液中NaCl的质量分数。 反应后溶液 物 质 样 品 消耗稀盐酸质量 质量 质量(g) 9 75(4 80 isdiction of business lines, Jinan branch, head office departments within its jurisdiction: in order to improve the quality o. 289Qilu Bank personal credit on issuing the Notification Guide to business risk management branch, jurisdiction and the jur2), Nont. 29th spontaneous herein from the date of implementation. Qilu silver computer transmission of qilu Bank documents (201icle 28th of this approach by the Head Office of risk management Department is responsible for the interpretation and amendmees artns result in credit business at substantial risk or significant potential risk behaviours. Sixth chapter supplementary articlent to carry out supervision and inspection and due diligence evaluations or providing false information. (12) other violatiorketing Management Departmcurrent process operations such as operation prior to approval. (11) article does not meet the risk management Department, Ma-the approval of authorities, after the first credit investigation, credit first and then record, counterthe investigators. (10) without making errors. (I) the orders, directives, orders, suggest that others not involved in the investigation business, issued by -clusions of false record, misleading statement or material omission, resulting in credit decisionmaking errors. (H) the investigation report con-management objective, impartial ratings of credit, resulting in credit decisionts, etc. (VII) in the credit risk management system to provide false information, is not required by the guest rating credit evant provisions of the Bank operation, failed to identify false documents, certificates, authorizations, warranreal, in each pen business lending Qian not for by pen query, led to mortgage failure of. (Vi) not in accordance with the rel5vidual credit business, optimize the structure of assets, promotion off indi