改革后英语四六级段落翻译

改革后英语四六级段落翻译 改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点“社会民生”必备词句 1、句子翻译改为整个段落汉译英翻译。 2、考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、 社会民生、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传 统文化”，其中亮点就是把“民生发展”改为了“社会民生”，这就要求我们对国家的经济发展、 社会热点话题、、教育与生活常识等有一定的了解。为此，针对社会民生，需要掌握以下社 会话题语句的通用表达，必背～背下这15句，社会民生考点将一分不丢。 1、为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了 相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。// 中国政府动员社会采取多 种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、 ”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之互助的道德风尚。// 中国民族素有“携幼 幼”了流传至今。// 我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童 办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。// To effectively protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departmentsconcerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up correspondingmechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing forchildren”. We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions forthe progress of child development programs.// 2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。 改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外 企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的 政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。 Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterpriseswiththeir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises. 3、假日经济的现象表明:中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国 消 费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国 人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会 的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。 The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life. 4、泰山的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争奇斗妍的花朵到处可见。 夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪盖 群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。喜逢艳阳日，极目远眺，重峦叠嶂，尽收眼帘。 //但遇天阴时，环顾四周，苍茫大地，尽入云海。泰山的日出与日落，闻名遐尔。壮观的自 然风景以及不可计数的历史名胜，激发了古代文人墨客，为之舞文弄墨，创作了无数经典 佳 作。泰山历来是画家骚客所钟情的聚集地。// Each season here hasits beauty: bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring,spectacular summer thunderstorms which are rarely seen elsewhere, blue riversrunning across the mountains overlaid with red maple leaves in fall, andsnow-capped mountains and frosted pine trees in winter that stage a quietsolemn spectacle of particular interest. On a clear day one can see the peaks risingone after another. // When the sky is overcast, the horizon disappears into asea of clouds. Mount Tai is most famous forits spectacular sunrise and sunset. Its landscape and numerous historical siteshave inspired many great classics of ancient writers, scholars andcalligraphers. Mount Tai has long been thepreferred gathering place of artists and poets.// 这个句子有难度，建议大家先看完昨天的那些，都大同小异. 5、2013年6月20日在中国 各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员(astronaut)王亚平在距离地球300 公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对 比了在地球上重力(one-gravity)环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂 知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。 On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China. 6 、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能 与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。 今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会 发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述 了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。 Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today’s Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has beendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China. 7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以 不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的 亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发 展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟 适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。 In modern times, Asiaexperienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, thepeople of Asia have been forging ahead in anindomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia’sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asiaare fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for economic and social development. 8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌 发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生 组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不 抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就 有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。 Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded. 9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时， 也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他 们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎 没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支 持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化 遗产。 An increasing number of English-educatedChinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while Englishlearning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kidshave a good command of Chinese. China’srise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefitfrom their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitivenessin the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity withthe two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardlychanged their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared thatthey knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kidslearning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage. 10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世 界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视 而不见。// 相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西 方社会的许多恶疾。// 在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再 有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。// 因此，我 们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相 互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。 I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing ,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact thatindividual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extremeindividualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.// 11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠 纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸 易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资 设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中 国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。 中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关 系的深 化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一:中美贸 易具有很大互补性。其二:中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。// Equality and mutual benefit is thefundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal thatcountries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As forChina-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in Chinastands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have theirbusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the sametime, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade andeconomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vastfields. Secondly, Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.// 12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政 府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则， 全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为 了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要 选派一些青年员工到国 The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing anddistribution establishment, its predecessor being the International PressBureau of the Central People’s Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China’s march to the worldand facilitating world’s understanding of China”, the Group commits itselfentirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancingcultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallydemanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the worldcirculation market, aiming at the international readership. Our initial effortshave been very rewarding.// 13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象 与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉 语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的 哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文 化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国 人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习 东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。 目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。 As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConf ucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school ofthought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.// 14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同 中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使 用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。 //“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而 内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得 在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。// Shanghai cuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped MandarinFish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance” as the fourth element. 15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之 间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主 旋律;而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。 //美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以 儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学 英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国， 《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。// American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to carefulplanning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among teammembers.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moralautonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America becomecloser than ever. Chinesele arn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exerciseKung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway.// 16、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化 遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的 推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现 在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术 的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。 //老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快 就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。 // Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can betraced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As weall know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’ t belong to the nation alone andit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// TheChinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have beenworking very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closerto the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and internationalstandard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu isattributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrantChinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generationshave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as selfdefense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on newlands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateursare on the increase with each passing day. 17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合 传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。//40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文 化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134 公 顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。//中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工 5200多人，近 万名本科生、约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。//中大 实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。 中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。// The ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, was founded in 1963. It is aresearch-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine traditionwith modernity and bring together China and the West.//For more than40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue ofour rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique collegesystem. 134-hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world.//CUHK’ s faculty and students come fromall corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible creditunit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree offree choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-facetededucation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.// 18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的;生态恶化、物种灭绝、 臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环 境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多亿人，面临缺水 问题。据预测，未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。 // 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国 在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和 生物多样性的 保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右，高 等植物 3 万多种。// Sea level rose and forest were destroyed atan unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmentalproblems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed aserious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to oneof the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% ofthe world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. Itis predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from sixbillion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmentalprotection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confrontedwith the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promotingits overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of itsbasic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecologicalenvironment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protectionwork. Chinais rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants. 一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等 动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合 过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明 亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦 听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北 某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐 在其中。 Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year. 三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有 去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说:“不到长城非好汉。” 实 际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而， 今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。 The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it’s just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括: 1) 擀皮、2) 备馅、3) 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特， 百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗， 寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可 少的Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调 和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是 用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治 疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起 被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。 六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on. 中国功夫即中国武 术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文 化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、 流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中国人 使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为 箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视 筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式 不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。 九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks. 印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓， 而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印 章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。 十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”. 天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为:甲、 乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸;十二地支为:子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、 申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望 月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。 干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 C 十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in souther n China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female). 京剧被誉为“东方 歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到 了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱(歌唱)、 念(念白)、做(表演)、打(武)、舞(舞蹈)为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事， 刻画人物。角色主要分生(男性)、旦(女性)、净(男性)、丑(男性女性皆有)四大行当。 十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所 著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道， 非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始;有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙;常有，欲 以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。 十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定 俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组 成，例如:自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、 寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。 十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty ( 206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸 的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联 系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰 富的文化The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations. 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建 筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假 自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is. 笔 墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可 追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔;汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨;有了 纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用;砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指 湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。