奥风英语《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》冠词

奥风英语《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》冠词 奥风英语《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》冠词(讲义) 第二讲:冠词 一、冠词 类别 形式 用法概述 用于以辅音发音开头的a 单词或字母前 不定冠词 表示泛指 用于以元音发音开头的an 单词或字母前 定冠词 the 表示特指，其意义同this/that/these/those 注意:用a还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音，而不是字母。如:an hour，a university 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) 表示初次提到的人或物。 如: A boy is waiting for you. A thief was caught by a policeman just now. (2) 表示一类人或物 如: A horse is an animal. A knife can be used for cutting. (3) 用于某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的情况或事物。 如:He has a wide knowledge of history. I want an ice-cream. (一份冰淇淋) (4) 用于姓氏前表示不认识的“一个姓„..的人/叫„„的人”、“某家庭的成员”或是 “像„„ 一样的 人”。 如: A Mr. Wang (Gang) called you. His daughter married a Smith. He is a Lu Xun. (5) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如: all of a sudden, in a word, in a hurry, a great deal of, at a discount, many a, at a loss, in a sense, at a distance, keep a diary, once in a while 2. 定冠词的用法 (1) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。 如:I saw a boy yesterday. The boy is very tall. (2) 特指双方都明白的人或物。 如: Open the door, please. Give me the book. (3) 指世上独一无二的事物前或由普通名词组成的专有名词前。 如: The sun is bigger than the earth. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. The United States and the United Kingdom are developed countries. 注意:当前面有形容词修饰时，sun, moon, earth等前也可用a/an. 如:a pale moon, a red sun (4) 与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。 如: The horse is a useful animal. (5) 与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。 如:They are the teachers of this school. (该校全体教师) 比较:They are teachers of this school. (部分) (6) 用于形容词/副词最高级、序数词前，及形容词only、very、same前。 如:I live on the second floor. He is the same age as you. (7) 用于乐器前。 如: He plays the piano very well. (8) 用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。 如:The Smiths are watching TV. The old are taken good care of. (9) 用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。 如:the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean, the Taihang Mountains 注意:独山的表达方式通常用Mount +名字 如:Mount Tai, Mount Lao (10) 用于by后表示计量单位。 如:The waiters are paid by the hour/day. These eggs are sold by the dozen/kilo. (11) 代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词前。 如:He caught the man by the arm. Tom hit the thief in the face. (12) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如:break the ice， in the rain，on the spot，on the contrary，on the increase 3. 不用冠词(零冠词)的情况 (1) 在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。 如:Failure is the mother of success. We can not live without air. (2) 名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。 如:Pass me that book. The letter is in her bag. Come to see me any day this week. (3) 复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。 如:Horses are useful animals. (4) 季节、月份、星期和节日(~ Day)名称前不用冠词。 如:It’s Sunday today. Mid-Autumn Day falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. 注意: the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival (5) 三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名称前不用冠词。 如:When do you have lunch? He often plays football. Do you like playing cards/chess? (6) 由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。 如: We traveled by train. (7) turn表示“变成”时，其后的名词通常不加冠词。 如:He was a farmer before he turned writer. (8) 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。特别是表示头衔的名词作补语时。 如:We elected him chairman of the meeting. Professor Chen, may I ask you some questions? 注意: 当表示任某一职务的人时其前可以有冠词。 试比较:He was made president of the club. The president of France visited China last week. (9) 两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。 如:face to face，day and night，father and son，from door to door (10) 某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。 如: at dawn/daybreak /sunset, at work, take place, by mistake, go to town, in danger, on foot, in short, in trouble, on earth, on sale, in time, on time, for example, in honor of, lose (one’s) heart, under construction 注意: (1) 一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。 如:The singer and poet is going to visit our school. 比较:The singer and the poet are going to visit our school. (2) 两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。 如:a knife and fork, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer，a watch and chain 4. 冠词对意义的影响 英语中有一些词组，用不用冠词或用不同的冠词，其含义截然不同。 如:in hospital(生病住院), in the hospital(在医院里做某他事) at table(在吃饭), at the table(在桌子旁) go to church(去教堂做礼拜), go to the church(去教堂做某他事) on earth(究竟;到底), on the earth(在地球上) three of us(我们中的三个，表部分), the three of us(我们三个，表全体) in front of(在外部前面), in the front of(在 内部前面) in charge of (Tom)(主管汤姆), in the charge of (Tom)(由汤姆负责/管理) in a way(在某种程度上)，in the way(挡路) in future(今后), in the future(将来) out of question(没问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ), out of the question (不可能) a most(很;非常=very), the most(最) a third time(再一次);the third time(第三次) a number of (很多);the number of(„„的数目) have a word with sb.(与某人说句话);have words with sb.(与某人吵架)