[精彩]学英语语法窍门

[精彩]学英语语法窍门 学英语语法秘诀 英语语法(小 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 ),反义疑问句(附加疑问句) 注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即: 陈述句 + 逗号 + 省略问句 + 问号 You are from America, aren’t you? 注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则(但在祈使句等一些特殊句子中需注意，详细见注意七) Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he? 注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同 Mr. Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he? 注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记) 1( this 或that改it，无论是否指人 This is your brother, isn’t it? 2. these或those改they Those are books ,aren’t they? 3. 不定代词one改one或he One can’t be always young, can one / he? 4. something、anything、everything和nothing改it Nothing is serious, is it? (注意为什么后面用is it而不是isn’t it?) Everything seems all right, doesn’t it? 5. everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、 nobody改they或he(任选，但选定后注意单复数形式) Everyone knows this, don’t they / doesn’t he? Nobody likes to lose money, does he? (这里最好用he) 6.each of改he或they Each of the boys had an apple, didn’t he / they? 7. no one, none, neither, either改they 或he No one came, did they? 8. some of„、none of „改it、they或you(联系上下文或句子) None of the food was delicious, was it? Some of the dustmen have come back, haven’t they? 9. 由neither„nor„、not only„but also、both„and„、either„or„、not„but„、„or„、„ and„等连接的并列主语，改复数代词 Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they? 10. 由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改it To learn English well isn’t easy, is it? Swimming is great fun, isn’t it? 11. the + 形容词表示一类人，改复数代词 The poor had no right (权力) to speak at the time, did they? 12. there 引起的句子(There be句型等)，仍用there There stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn’t there? There are many children in the park, aren’t there? 注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下: 1. have (有)改have或do Mary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she? 2. have (有)必须与陈述部分一致 He hasn’t a lot of time, has he? Miss Green doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she? 3. have不做“有”解释，必须用do They all have a good time, don’t they? 4. have to用do或have We have to get up early, don’t we / haven’t we? 5. have got to用have We have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we? 6. had better用should或had We had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we? 7. can’t(不可能，表示推测)根据can’t或的动词选择相应的形 式 He can’t be a doctor, is he? The workers can’t have finished their work, have they? 8. may 用may + 主语 + not (英语中不用mayn’t) They may be here next week, may they not? 9. must(必须)用needn’t You must do it today, needn’t you? 10. must(应该)用mustn’t I must study hard, mustn’t I? 11. mustn’t用must或may You mustn’t talk like that, must you? We mustn’t stay here any longer, must we? 12. “must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的 附加疑问句进行处理 He must be happy, isn’t he? He must be working hard at the office, isn’t he? must表示推测时，也有用mustn’t的 He must have been working very hard, mustn’t he? You must have told Mr. Wang the secret, mustn’t you? 13. “must + 完成时”表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加 疑问句处理 He must have come yesterday, didn’t he? You must have seen the play last week, didn’t you? 14. “must + 完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成 时的附加疑问句来处理 You must have studied English for years, haven’t you? He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasn’t he? 15. 实义动词need和dear用do He needs help, doesn’t he? I have never dared to ask him, have I? 情态动词need和dear用need和dear He dare not say so, dare he? We need not do it again, need we? 16. needn’t 用need或must You needn’t go yet, need you? He needn’t do that, must he? 17. “ would rather + 动词原形”和“would like to + 动词原形” 用wouldn’t He would rather read the text ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he? You’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you? 18. “ought to + 动词原形”用oughtn’t或shouldn’t The child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he? We ought to go there, shouldn’t we? 19. “used to + 动词原形” 用“didn’t + 主语”或“usedn’t + 主语”或“used + 主语 + not” He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he? He used to play football when he was a child, used he not? 注意六、句子中有seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定 形式 Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? He is hardly able to swim, is he? There is little ink in your pen, is there? no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式) He has nothing to say, does(n’t) he? You got nothing from him, did(n’t) you? 注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句 1. I am„改aren’t I I am your friend, aren’t I? 2. I wish to do sth或I wish I „改may I I wish to go home, may I? I wish I were you, may I? 3. 主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致 He says that I did it, doesn’t he? David wouldn’t go there if it rained, would he? 4. 并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致 Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadn’t she? 5. 表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 Come here, will you? Turn off the light, will you? Do sit down, will you? 6. 表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句，用will you、can you、would you或can’t you、won’t you, Stop talking, can you? Write down the new words, will you / won’t you? 7. 否定的祈使句用will you或can you Don’t make a noise, will / can you? 8. Let me „用will you 或may I Let me help you, may I? Let me do it, will you? 9. Let’s „表示建议包括听话人在内，用shall we Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 10. let us „表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用will you Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 11. Let接第三人称宾语时用will you Let him come in, will you? 12. Let’s not „ 用OK或all right Let’s not go to the party, OK / all right? 13. 感叹句用一般现在时be的形式(故事中用一般过去时be的形式) What fine weather, isn’t it? How clever the boy is, isn’t he? How hard she works, isn’t she? PS: 1. 反义疑问句的回答用yes，or no， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如: They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗, Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对， 他们工作不努力。 2. 反义疑问句因音调不同，其含义亦有所不同。陈述句总是用降调，而反义疑问句既可用升调亦可用降调。 用升调时希望对陈述句的内容的真实性做出自己的判断，而说话人不带任何倾向性。 He likes his job, doesn’t he? 他喜欢他的工作，不是吗, He doesn’t like his job, does he? 他不喜欢他的工作，是吗, 用降调时则希望对方对陈述句的内容加以证实，说话人有明显的倾向性，即支持陈述句的内容，如: He likes his job, doesn’t he? 他喜欢他的工作，不是吗,(希望对方回答:Yes，he does.) He doesn’t like his job, does he? 他不喜欢他的工作，是吗,(希望对方回答:No，he doesn’t.) 否定陈述句后接肯定附加疑问句时，有时表示请求或询问。 如: You couldn’t give me a life, could you? 你可以让我搭你的车吗,(请求) I’m not on the wrong train, am I? 我没有坐错火车吧，我坐错了吗,(询问) 还有一种附加疑问句并不代表反义，陈述句与其后的附加疑问句可以都是肯定结构。这种附加疑问句用升调，常表示一种回忆或推断，有时带惊讶、愤怒、讥讽等感情色彩。如: You’ve had an accident, have you? 你遭到一次事故，是吧,(重复已说过的话) Your car is outside, is it? 你的汽车停在外面，是吧,(表推断) So he likes his job, does he? 那么他喜欢他的工作，是吗,(表惊讶) Oh, you’ve had another accident, have you? 噢，你有出事故啦，是吗,(表愤怒) SO that’s your game, is it? 原来那就是你的把戏，是吗,(表讥讽) 附加疑问句又是可用eh? right? am I right? don’t you think? isn’t that so? 等。如: She didn’t pass the exam, eh? 她没有通过考试，呃, They forgot to attend the lecture, am I right? 他们忘了去上那一次课了，对不对, 说话人有时可用附加疑问句和对方对话，表示同意、惊讶等。如: 1)—— Their daughter is very clever. 他们的女儿很聪明。 —— (Yes,) isn’t she? 可不是。(用降低，表同意) 2)—— They’re moving to New York. 他们要迁到纽约去。 —— Are they? 是吗,(用升调，表惊讶)