易混淆动词（英语）

易混淆动词（英语） 易混淆动词 第一组: spend/ take /cost ?spend的主语通常是“人”，即“某人在?花多少时间或金钱。” 例句: 1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.(那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。) 2)She spent lots of money on books last year.(去年她花费很多钱在书本上。) ?take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes ，(人)，时间， to do sth. 1)How long does it take you to finish the work?(你需要多少时间才能完成那工作,) 2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.(我花了一个小时修理自行车。) 3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.(说真话需要很大的勇气。) ?cost的主语通常是事物，即指 ?某物值多少钱?需要多少时间?某人花了多少钱?使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)，cost，(人)，时间/金钱 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.(这块手 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 花了我200块钱。) 2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.(写本小说要花很多时间。) 3)The girl’s bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights. (那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。) 注意:cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。 第二组: speak/say/tell/talk ?speak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。 1)The students speak English very fluently.(这些学生英语说得非常流利。) 2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.(首相就国际形势发表了演说。) 3)She always speaks ill of others.(她总是说别人的坏话。) ?speak的习惯用语: Generally speaking一般而言 Frankly speaking坦白地说 Strictly speaking严格地说 not to speak of且不说;更不用说 1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.(一般而言，男人比女人强壮。) 2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.(我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。) ?say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句，(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”，习惯用法 1)She said ,“I love you.”(她说:“我爱你。”) 2)Say goodbye to them.(跟他们说再见。) 3)She says she is busy. (她说她很忙。) 4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.(我的表是十点整。) 5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.(报上说上海发生了一场大火)。 6)It is said that she has been away for a month.(据说她已走了一个月了) 7)It goes without saying that education is important.(不用说，教育是重要的。) 8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school. (Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。) ? ?tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don’t tell a lie.(不要说谎。) 2)She likes to tell stories.(她喜欢讲故事。) 3)We should always tell the truth. (我们应该永远说实话。) ? ?tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell，宾语，that从句 1)Sometimes we can’t tell right from wrong.(有时我们无法辨别是非。) 2)He told me where he would go. (他告诉我他要去那儿。) ?talk连续地说话;习惯用法 1)What are the girls talking about ?(那些女孩们讲什么,) 2)Young people like to talk politics.(年青人喜欢谈论政治。) 3)I talked over the matter with her.(我与她谈论了那个问题。) 第三组: take /bring/carry ?take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句: 1)She’ll take her children to the park.(她要带孩子去公园。) 2)It’s raining, you’d better take an umbrella with you.(下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。) ?bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me.(把字典拿给我。) 2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow. (明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。) ?carry作“携带，带去;搬运”解 1)She always carries a red handbag.(她总是带一个红色手包。) 2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.(请把这台电视搬到楼上去。) 第四组: wear/put on/ dress ?wear穿着，戴;留，表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句: 1)She always wears a pair of glasses.(她总是戴着一副眼镜。) 2)He wears a black jacket today.(今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。) ?put on穿上，戴上，表示“动作” 例句: 1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.(老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。) 2)Put on the gloves .It’s cold outside.(戴上手套外面很凉。) ?dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句: 1)She is dressed in red.(她穿着红衣服。) 2)The mother dresses the child every day.(那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。 3)She dresses herself in red.(此句等于第一个例句。) 第五组: do /make ?do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有: ?do one’s ?do (the) some ?do sb. a favor帮人忙 ?do with利用;忍受;需要 ?do away with废除 ?do without用不着;不需要 ?do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做?do business做生意 例句: 1)I’ll do the dishes today.(今天我来洗盘子。) 2)I’ve done my homework.(我已经做完了作业。) 3)Crying does harm to you.(哭对你没有益处。) 4)Will you do me a favor?(能否帮我一个忙,) 5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business. (我们做生意没有电话是不行的。) 6)The new teacher didn’t know what to do with the class.(新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.(昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。) 8)Who does your hair?(平常是谁给你做头发的,) ?make“作”，表示“制造”，其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有: ?make a speech ?make living ?make progress ?make a noise. 例句: 1) They have make great progress in learning English. ( 在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。) 2) Who is going to make a speech today? (今天谁来演说,) 3) Don’t make a noise.嘘～ (不要出声。) 4)She makes her living as a teacher. (她作教师来维持生计。) 第一组: lie/lay/lie 1)lie不及物动词，躺;位于 lie—lay—lain—lying 例句:?Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。) ?She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。) 2)lay及物动词，放置;下蛋 lay—laid—laid—laying 例句:?These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。) ?He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。) 3)lie不及物动词，说谎 lie—lied—lied—lying 例句:?Don’t lie to me. (别骗我。) ?She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。) 第二组: hear/listen to ?hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息 例句:The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。) ?listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语，listen后不可加to。 例句:?Listen, somebody is crying.(听，有人在哭。) ?I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了，但没听见什么。) ?Listen to me.(听我说。) 第三组: sit/set/seat ?sit不及物动;坐;就座; sit—sat—sat—sitting 例句:?He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。) ?Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。) ?set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样) set—set—set—setting 例句:?Tom, set the table for dinner. (Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。) ?He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning. (他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。) ?My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。) ?The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (太阳从东方升起从西方落下。) ?seat使坐;容纳 seat—seated—seated—seating 例句:?)The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。) ?Please be seated.(请坐下。)此句等于Sit down please. ?He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。) 第四组: rise/raise 1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起，起来;(物价)上涨;(水)高涨 rise—rose—risen—rising 例句:?Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。) ?Prices have risen quickly. (物价快速上涨了。) ?She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。) 2)raise举起;养育;募款 raise—raised—raised—raising 例句:?Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。) ?The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。) ?They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。) 第五组: lend/借出borrow 1)lend，人，物,lend，物，to，人 例如:?Please lend me your dictionary.,Please lend your dictionary to me. (请把你的字典借给我。) ?I will lend you $200, but I can’t lend money to him. (我借给你200美元，但我不能借钱给他。) borrow借入 borrow，物，from，人 ?She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多书。) ?He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。) 第六组: fall/feel/fell/fail/ fall?fell?fallen落下;跌倒 fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后 例句:?An apple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。) ?Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。) feel?felt?felt feel like，doing sth.想要; feel sleepy.想睡 例句:?Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳动吗,) ?Both my legs didn’t feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。) ?I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。) ?Do you feel like taking a walk?(你想不想去散步,) fell?felled?felled砍伐 例句:A lot of trees were felled last night. (昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。) fail?failed?failed失败 例句:He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。) 第七组: win/beat win?won?won win a prize得到奖品win a war打了胜仗 n a game赢得比赛win an election选举获胜 例句:?Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比2赢了比赛。) ?Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜,) beat?beat?beaten beat是打败了对手 例句:?He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。) ?We have beaten their team for 3 years. (我们已连续3年打败他们的球队。) ?My heart beat fast at the sight of her. (一看见她，我的心跳就加快。) 第二组: reach/arrive/get to 1)reach——reached——reached 及物动词到达，不加to等分词。 例句:They will reach Shanghai tonight.(今晚他们将抵达上海。) 2)arrive——arrived——arrived 不及物动词到达，加介词in(大地方)at小地方。 例句:?I'll phone you when I arrive in New York.(我到纽约后会给你电话。) ?What time will they arrive at the airport?(他们什么时候会到达机场,) 3)get——got——gotten(got) 不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达，但接地点副词时不加to。 例句:?What time does the train get to Beijing? (火车什么时间到达北京,) ?When I set to Japan, I'll write to you.(我到了日本就给你写信。) ?They got home safely.(他们平安到家。) 注?:此处home是副词不能加to。 注?:“到达”reach,arrive at (in),get to 第三组: hang/hang 1)hang——hanged——hanged 及物动词吊死;处(人)绞刑;上吊。 例句:?He hanged himself last week.(上星期他上吊自杀了。) ?The man was hanged for murder. (那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。) hang——hung——hung 及物动词把…挂上;把…吊起。 例句:?She hung curtains over the windows.(她把窗帘挂上窗上。) ?A picture is hung on the wall.(墙上挂着一幅画。) 第七组: join/join in/take part in/attend 1)join及物动词加入(团体，组织，参军)、同……一起干或玩、连接 例句:?I joined the Party in 1975.(我1975年入党。) ?His brother joined the army two years ago.(两年前他哥哥参军。) ?They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.(他们在 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。) 2)join in 参加(某些活动) 例句:?May I join in your discussion?(我可以参加你们的讨论吗,) ?Many people join in the game every year.(每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。) ?He joined in the work without a second thought.(他未加思索地参加了那项工作。) 3)take part in 参加(群众性活动，会议等)参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。 例句:?A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.(昨天许多学生参加大扫除。) ?A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.(去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。) 4)attend 出席，参加，到场;上学 例句:?Did you attend the meeting last week(上星期你出席会议了吗,) ?He was ill so he didn't attend his classes.(他生病了，所以没上学。) 注意:attend的词语搭配 attend a ceremony 参加典礼 attend a funeral 参加葬礼 attend a lecture 听演讲 attend a concert 听音乐会 attend church 上教堂