2012高考英语短文改错__专题

2012高考英语短文改错__专 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 专题:高考英语短文改错 短文改错是高考试题中的一个重要题型。《英语考试说明》中对短文改错题型做了如下描述:“本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文，要求考生判断是否有错，如有错将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。” 由此可以看出，短文改错题是知识和能力的综合性试题，它覆盖面广，设题灵活;不仅能准确地测试学生的语言 知识水平，而且能客观的反映学生综合运用语言的能力;不仅要求学生系统掌握所学的语法、词汇知识，而且要求学生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理的能力。高考试题中选择的短文难度相对适中，错误类型大部分都属于学生在平时学习中常犯、易犯的错误，比较容易判断。需要提醒考生特别注意的是，改错的 格式 pdf格式笔记格式下载页码格式下载公文格式下载简报格式下载 一定要严格按照要求，避免因格式错误造成不必要的失分。 高考英语短文改错题虽然所占分数不多，但是英语短文改错题好得分也最容易失分。高考英语短文改错题具有“高起点、低落点”的特点，对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求较高，但改正的错误往往比较简单。很多学生做不好改错题不是因为没有掌握这些语法知识，而是不能通过语感找出错误。所以培养学生有意识地去注意一些高考短文改错的常考点非常重要。 一、查时态是否一致 时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例如: Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 应改为was， 使之与时间状语in the past一致。 二、查主谓是否一致 在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如: 1. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET' 94) cost应改为costs，因 其主 语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。 2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class…(NMET'93) 由or连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式，故become应改为becomes。 主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。 三、查指代是否一致 对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如: 1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe…(NMET'92) 根据上下文 ，句中的They属指代不一致，应改为We。 2.The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代词themselves应改为单数itself，因为指代的是单数主语the game。 四、查平行结构是否平行一致 由and，or，but，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only …but also…，as well as等并列连词和词 组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。例如:Modern people know…，have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings.(N 1 MET'93)应将 to live前的to删掉，因为and连接的是know，have，live三个并列平行的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。 五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致 名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。例如: 1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92) time(次)显然与修饰语many不一致，应改为times。 2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96) question 是可数名词，其修饰词是lots of，当然应该用复数questions。 六、查行文逻辑是否一致 查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑，以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词(如come与go，take与bring)的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。 例如: 1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93) 根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或 条件状语从句。 2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91) 根据行文逻辑， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示并列关系的and 应改为表示转折关系的but。 总之，短文改错要注意联系上下文和时态的变化，做题时应以句子为单位，同时兼顾改错的原则。这个原则就是不能改变原意，不能轻易去掉动词、名词等实词，去掉的通常是固定搭配结构中多余的部分。同样，增加的词也是固定搭配中缺少的部分或者是定语从句中的先行词或介词。短文改错中名词的错误多是可数名词和不可数名词的混用;形容词的错误一般是比较级和最高级的混用;副词的错误一般来说是该用副词的地方用成了形容词。 做好短文改错题，可以从以下三方面去考虑: 1.快速阅读短文，如抓住中心思想，从整体上对短文有个了解。不了解全文，很难判断如时态和代词的相关错误。 2.充分运用语言的基础知识，从句型结构、词的变化、词类选择、词的搭配、习惯用法出发，进行分析判断，尽快找出错误在何处。 3.重视整体和语境，从上下文关系中找出表达连接关系或逻辑关系的词或词组，判断是递进关系还是转折关系，是因果关系还是让步关系。 短文改错解题步骤 1)通读全文，掌握大意 2)整句分析，逐行推敲3)反复通读，复查验证 高考中英语改错题有1:1:2:6的规律，即正确一行，缺词一行，多词一二行，错词六行。 短文改错解题思路和检查原则 1)句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词; 2)谓语动词的时态、语态; 3)非谓语动词的用法; 4)名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确; 5)定冠词和不定冠词是否正确; 6)代词的格和性的使用是否有误; 7)定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误; 2 8)并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。 短文改错解题四原则 1)改动以最少为原则 2)虚词以添加或删除为原则 3)实词以改变词形为原则 4)以保持句子原意为原则 短文改错常见错误类型 1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 ? 一般现在时与一般过去时错用; ? and 前后动词时态不一致; ? 主谓不一致; ? 缺少动词,特别是be动词; ? 第三人称单数形式错用; ? 主动语态和被动语态错用。 1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did 改为do 错误 类型属于 ?) 2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于?) 3) There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于?) 4)One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ? 主谓不一致) 其他常见错误有: 1)及物动词缺少宾语，或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语。短文改错的设置中，有时在及物动词后面没有加宾语，或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语，此时就要判断该动词是否是及物动词，以加上相应的宾语。这时宾语一般都是人称代词。或者或需要接双宾语时加上间接或直接宾语 2)不及物动词接宾语时其后缺少相应的介词。不及物动词不能直接接宾语，必须加上相关的介词，而出题人故意将该介词 漏掉，此时需要我们进行判断，该动词是及物动词直接接宾语，还是不及物动词，需要与介词 搭配才能接宾语，同时要根据句子含义判断用什么介词构成短语。因为同一个动词，与不同的介词搭配其含义不一样。 3)两个动词连用时，中间缺少不定式的符号to。 英语中两个动词连用时，除了个别动词如come、go、help之外，其他的动词都应该接不定式(此时要加to)或动名词做宾语。试题的设计有时候有意使用动词原形，此时就要判断该用不定式还是动名词做宾语。若是前者，就要在第二个动词前加to;后者则要将第二个动词改成v.-ing形式。 4)受汉语的影响，将某些形容词或表示动作含义的介词短语当作动词使用，导致句中缺少连系动词。此时要注意分析句子结构，看是否缺少谓语，因为谓语是句子的饿核心，没有谓语动词的句子是不完整的。要注意克服汉语思维的干扰。 2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用;注意区分名词是可数还是不可数;或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 ? I?ll get good marks in all my subject.(subject 改为subjects) ? Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word 改为words) ? Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge) 单数名词表泛指时缺少不定冠词a/an，或表示特指时没有定冠词the。 英语中，只要是单数可数名词，在使用时都应该加上冠词，表示定指加the，没有具体所指要加a/an。对这一知识点的考查在高考短文改错中出现的比较频繁。对于单数可数名词要注意其前面有没有加冠词，表示特指还是泛指。另外，如果该名词前有小品词如this、that、these、those、such等词修饰时，名词前不加冠词。 3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等 (一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ) ? I have a good friend who?s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) ? I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up. (此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) ? Clever as she is, but she works very hard. ? When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained. 3 4. 冠词错误 误用a和an(根据单词的因素来判定);误用a 和the(固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方) 多余的冠词或则少冠词。 ? We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) ? As everyone knows, it?s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ) ? My teacher advised me to keep my dairy. ? I hope you have pleasant journey. 5. 形容词和副词错误 1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel) 2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 ? I?m sure we?ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) ? My pronunciation was terribly. 6. 代词错误 1)代词的主格和宾格(I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ) 2)反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves) 3)代词的单数和复数 4)多余的代词和少代词 ? Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) ? One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加it) ? If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. ? What?s more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 7. 非谓语动词的常见错误 1)不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。 2)and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时)， 3)介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。 4)某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 ? Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk--talking) ? But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going ) ? Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. ? I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. 8. 介词错误 1)词组中的介词误用，2)介词意思理解偏差，3)介词的多用或少用 ? There are too many people among my family. (among 改为in in my family 为固定搭配) ? I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at ) 9( 习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种: 多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如: It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ? ourselves. of 10( 逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如: The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their 4 First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠 词的用法错误等。例如: She was smiling but nodding at me. and It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or We may be one family and live under a same roof. the 高考英语短文改错考点解析:非谓语动词 模拟单句演练 (1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day. (2) It„s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese. (3) It was silly of you believe what he said. (4) He was made wash the boss„s car once a day. (5) I„ll let you to know as soon as I hear from her. (6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention. (7) I have already seen the film twice. I don„t want see it any more. (8) What I want know is when all this happened. (9) It was clear that he wanted be alone. (10) Most children are interested in listen to stories. (11) Walk quickly is difficult for an old man. (13) Be careful in cross the street. (14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice. (15) Find work is very difficult these days. (16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English. (17) Look， some of my classmates are practising speak English over there. (18) Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting. (19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it. (20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things. (21) He decided to go to the south， find a good job and living there. (22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station. (23) Excuse me， would you to tell me the way to the zoo, 高考英语短文改错考点解析:从句及并列连词 模拟单句演练 (1) He is the man his car was stolen. (2) That„s the hotel which we were staying last summer. (3) That„s the palace where we visited last summer. (4) I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again. (5) In the past few years when we„ve planted thousands of trees along the river. (6) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined. (7) He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on. (8) She stayed in France for 10 years. That„s she spoke French so well. (9) It„s really a beautiful place， where everyone hopes to visit. (10) It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:代词 (1) Here are some letters for you and he. (2) She loves swimming. It keeps she fit. (3) Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it. (4) Everyone here gets up earlier than her does. (5) Here is my dog. It„s name is Petty. (6) He opened mouth as if to say something. 5 (7) Don„t lose your heart. Try again. (8) The Smiths have been married， but have no children of his own. (9) I tell him everything， for he is a good friend of me. (10) He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers. (11) When you are away from home， you should look after you. (12) If you have any question， put up hand. (13) It„s a very important thing. You must think over carefully. (14) I don„t like these; please show me some other. (15) In order to catch the thief， the police did his best. (16) This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago. (17) I„m very sorry about all the whole thing. (18) When I got up， I found parents were preparing breakfast for me. (19) Yes， money is very important， but it is not anything. (20) At the airport， all his baggage was stolen， but soon he got them back. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:动词 (1) I want to know how long the book can be keep. (2) Don„t worry. Your child is well looking after here. (3) All the invitations must sent out today. (4) You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting. (5) The public have a right to know what in the report. (6) What the English for this, Can anyone tell me, (7) He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer. (8) He is a nice girl. You„re certain to happy with her. (9) I use to play tennis a lot but I don„t play very often now. (10) He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be. (11) It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground. (12) There will have an English film in the school hall tonight. (13) After that， the boy decided not to a sailor. (14) After supper， my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. (15) Hear to me carefully. What I„m saying is very important. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:多词 1. I come from Zhongshan, and so I am currently a student at DSYSMMS. 2. My favorite pastime is by listening to music, especially classical music. 3. I am majoring in主修 educational psychology and to hope to be a teacher in the future. 4. My hobbies are reading books and travelling, in which I find very interesting. 5. Since that I am the only child in my family, I am quite independent独立性强的. 6. I deeply believe in that I can succeed in the near future. 7. Many interests as I have, English is what that I like most. 8. I want to keep on with learning new things to increase my ability能力 and broaden my horizons开阔眼界. 9. One hour in the morning is worth the two in the evening. 10. The number of people who has watched the game was not more than a hundred. 11. Susan doesn?t feel quite well, for which she is having an ache in her heart. 12. How did you get on well with your study at school? 13. I used to get really sun burnt from playing outside all the day. 14. It is not known for certain whether she is still living on. 15. An important meeting was held, Mr Chen sat in the chair. 16. It is eight or nine chances out of ten for that he will win. 17. The shop has been changed hands. 18. The driver was in the charge of the car. 19. The merchant商人 made money by his buying cheap and selling dear. 20. Would you like to check it over the proofs of this book? 6 高考英语短文改错考点解析:冠词 (1) Her sister， who is nurse， will marry one of the doctors in the hospital. (2) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. (3) It was raining hard， so I had to borrow a umbrella. (4) My friend Mary comes from an European country. (5) Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer. (6) In small village like this， everybody knows everybody else. (7) Only few of the children can read such books. (8) For long time neither of us spoke to each other. (9) Look， a girl in blue is my cousin. (10) Look～ A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. (11) She asked whether we came from a same city. (12) The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round. (13) You don„t know what wonderful time we?ve had. (14) People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes. (15) Soon the plane was out of the sight. (16) Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978. (17) In the word， he is a good student and all of us like him. (18) You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words， you stole it. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:介词 (1) We must serve for the people heart and soul. (2) I followed the man for a while， and saw him enter into the bank. (3) Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim. (4) I took a great many of photographs in the mountains. (5) In English class， we often talk each other in English. (6) Don„t talk. What the man says is well worth listening. (7) The chair looks hard， but it is comfortable to sit. (8) She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us. (9) I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday. (10) Are you glad to be going to back to school, (11) On his way to home， he met one of his old friends Jack. (12) Please close the door at next time you come in. (13) Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year. (14) We can finish the work either this week or in next week. (15) We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. (16) We could not have heard them because the noise from the river. (17) Don„t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy. (18) I„ve read a lot books about animals. (19) He invited us to dinner， which was very kind for him. (20) I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him. (21) Don„t go by plane. It?s a lot of more expensive. (22) Except milk and cheese， we all need vegetables. (23) On my way back， I called at Mr Smith at his office. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:名词 模拟单句演练 (1) Women live longer than men in most country. (2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. (3) It„s said that all the ticket have been sold out. (4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV. (5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. (6) The flower in the park were all pleasing. (7) As the day went by， she became less anxious. 7 (8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country. (9) It„s one of the most interesting book that I?ve ever read. (10) He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. (11) Hearing the news， the woman burst into tear. (12) He hasn„t lived here long， but he has a great many friend here. (13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. (14) He„s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. (15) There„s a paper?s factory near our school. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:时态 模拟单句演练 (1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill. (2) I phone the other students a moment ago. (3) We often played together when we are children. (4) What are you doing when I called you, (5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl. (6) She doesn„t hear the doorbell， for she was watching TV. (7) We„ll stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow. (8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble. (9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates. (10) I„ll write to him when I finished the book. (11) Charles worked hard since leaving school. (12) In fact， I am very thin when I was young. (13) He is kind to me. Although he is very busy， he still came to see me. (14) How long have you been here, How did you like our city, (15) As is known to us all， the earth turned around the sun. (16) I„m interested in English， so I spoke it better than the others do. (17) Don„t worry about it. I promise you I come to help you. (18) Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan. (19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave. (20) I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now, 高考英语短文改错考点解析:形容词与副词 模拟单句演练 (1) I„ll try to be more carefully next time. (2) China is much more bigger than the United States. (3) There are few boys than girls in our class. (4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating. (5) The more money you make， the most you spend. (6) He found someone was following her， so she felt frightening. (7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself. (8) In fact， we finished the work without any difficult. (9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely～ (10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try, (11) Last week was very rain. I didn„t go out the whole week. (12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. (13) I promise to return back before 10. (14) The book contains much use information. It„s well worth reading. (15) This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop. (16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices. (17) Oh， it„s simply wonderfully to see you here～ (18) She is in more health now than she was last year. 高考英语短文改错考点解析:主谓一致 模拟单句演练 (1) Her parents were in Shanghai， and so was his. 8 (2) As is known to us all， remembering English words are not easy. (3) The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city. (4) Writing English and speaking it is different things. (5) It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle. (6) What he said at the meeting were very important to us. 综合类:行文、逻辑、惯用法错误(logical and idioms mistakes) 10. This book is too hard for me to read it. 11. I used to go to the cinema in once a week. 12. He said last Monday that he met her the day before. 13. Because he was careless, so he failed. 14. I was too tired not to walk any farther. 15. He need not to work so late. 16. I really don?t know how to do. 17. I have been waiting you for a long time. 18. The ship hardly left the port when the storm came. 19. I found strange that she had not come yet. 20. As I had worked more than half hour, I was a little tired. 21. My mother is less older than you think she is. 22. He speaks English better than anyone in his class. 23. I don?t agree to the people who say women should stay at home. 24. This coat costed me twenty dollars. 25. When the moon shines upon the river, the scene was beautiful. 逻辑(结构)关系(Logical and sentence structure mistakes ) 1. Unless you help us, or we won?t be able to succeed. 2. The reason why he didn?t come is because he never got the notice. 3. I had my hair cut off and sold them to Madam Sofronice. 4. It is I who is your true friend. 5. To teach is learning. 6. To answer correctly is more important than finishing quickly. 7. The sun set down, they went home. 8. Having taken their seats, the concert began. 9. Hello saying, he reached out his hand. 10. He rushed into the room with sweat dripped. 11. There was nothing to do, I went out for a walk. 12. Look around when crosses the street. 13. A person learns a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language forgetting all his own. 14. Seen from the moon, our earth, with water covered seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “blue ball”. 15. Don?t do any more work now, you look so tiring. 16. Although he was sick, but he refused to go to the hospital. 17. Since he was busy, so he didn?t come. 18. He never worked hard, therefore he lost his job. 19. He made a lot of noise and it is why they want him to get out. 20. This is the house where we visited last time. 21. All they need are here. 22. They students each has a dictionary. 23. Three-fifths of his pay were spent on food and clothing. 24. She said she had lost his way. 9 25. Bill is a good friend of my father. 10