高三英语阅读理解复习讲义

高三英语阅读理解复习教学 教学设计 学习内容： 高三阅读复习 学习目标： 一、语言技能目标 能进一步强化基于内容图式、语言图式的阅读能力。 二、语言知识目标 能进一步强化有关  的图式。 三、学习策略、文化意识、情感态度价值观目标 1、能进一步强化图式积累的阅读策略。 2、能进一步强化基于图式阅读理解的策略。 教学过程： 阅读理解题型解读 一、细节理解题 细节理解题常见提问方式为： 1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? 2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? 3. What is the example of … as described in the passage? 4. The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT…? 5. The reason for … is …? 6. The author states that… 7. According to the passage, when( where, why, how)…? 细节理解题型题目又分直接信息题型、间接信息题型以及信息综合题型。但这三类题型的解题思路均可分为以下两步： Step 1:找词 Step 2:定位 在原文中定位原词or非原词 其他相关词 反义词 同义转述 找寻定位关键词题干or选项 醒目词→具体实词 使用说明： 1. 首先确定是在题干内还是选项内找关键词。 如果题干里包含文章细节的信息，则在题干内寻找关键词。 如果题干中没有提到任何关于文章的信息，如：Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? 则需要在四个选项中寻找用以定位的关键词。 2. 以关键词为线索，返回文章跳读寻查。 只有找到关键词或与之相关的词所在的句子，通过筛选信息，将定位范围缩到最小，才能节省解题时间，保证答题效果。 典例：2009安徽卷 A篇 Admit you don’t know.      Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you don’t say,“I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the lip of my tongue. What is it again?” 57. If you can’t remember someone’s name, you may__________. A. tell him the truth      B. tell him a white lie    C. ask him for pity      D. ask others to help you Step 1: 找词  题干中的关键词为can’t remember someone’s name Step 2: 定位  原文中定位原词，在Admit you don’t know这一部分中的第一句（即答案所在句）找到我们的关键词can’t remember someone’s name。Admitting与选项A (tell him the truth)是同义转述。 二、推理判断题 推理判断题考查我们根据字面意思，通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度以及理解文章寓意的能力。    常见提问方式有： 1. It can be inferred from the text that________.        2. We can conclude that ________. 3. When the writer talks about…, what he really means is that ________. 4. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? 5. The writer suggests that _______.          6. It can be learned that ________. 此类解题可分三步： 推理 （立足语篇 据实推理） 详读 （望文生义 深层把握） 定位 （定位技术 目标阅读） →                        →    定位时需注意： 1. 题干有线索，定位原文相关语句作出推理； 2. 题干无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that… 等， 在选项中寻找线索，排除不可能选项，依据最可能选项中的关键词定位原句，作出推理； 3. infer, conclude题型或推测上段或下段内容的题型，需到文章或段落主题所在位置作判断。 典例：  2009江苏卷B篇 I announced, “They’re on the wrong feet.” With the grace that only experience can bring, she struggled to get the boots off and went through the joyless task of pitting them on again. Then I said, “These aren’t my boots, you know.” As she pulled the offending boots from my feet, she still managed to look both helpful and interested. Once they were off, I said, “They are my brother’s boots. My makes me wear them, and I hate them!” Somehow, from long years of practice, she managed to act as though I wasn’t an annoying little girl. She pushed and shoved, less gently this time, and the boots were returned to their proper place on my feet. With a great sigh of relief, seeing the end of her struggle with me, she asked, “Now, where are your gloves?” I looked into her eyes and said, “I didn’t want to lose them, so I put them into the toes of my boots.” 62. It can be inferred that before the little girl finally went out to enjoy the first snow of winter, the teacher had to help her put on her boots __________. A. once        B. twice      C. three times      D. four times Step 1: 定位  题干中提到help her put on her boots，由此可定位到原文第四段。 Step 2: 详读  文章第四段讲述了当老师第一次给小女孩穿上靴子后，小女孩说穿错脚了；第二次，小女孩恶作剧说这不是她的靴子；第三次，老师问她手套在哪里，她说在靴子里。 Step 3: 推理    毫无疑问，老师拿出手套之后，还得再给她穿一次。 三、主旨大意题 常见提问方式有： 1. The main idea/ key point of the passage is ___________.  2. The passage is mainly about __________. 3. The best title/ headline for this passage is ______.  4. The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is ________. 5. What would be the best title for the passage? 6. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? 不管主旨题第几个出现，先读其他题的题干，抓出文章主题或关键词。 做主旨大意题时，可遵循以下三步： Step1 串读题干，明确主题 → 破解主旨大意 题三部曲 注意篇首篇尾，每一段的第一、二句和最后一句。 Step2 瞻首顾尾，定位中心句 → 主旨题答案设置分为两类：一是文章有明确的主题句，那么正确选项往往就是它的同义转述句；二是没有中心句，便须综合各段主题句进行归纳。 Step3 转义概括，或取其一 → 典例：2009湖南卷C篇 People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists. 65. When a goby grows to within 5—10% of the size of it’s larger competitor, it _______. 66. The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to_______. 67. The experiment showed that the smaller fish _______. 68. What is the text mainly about? A. Fish dieting and human dieting.  B. Dieting and health.    C. Human dieting.  D. Fish dieting Step1: 串读题干，明确主题 串读各题题干，并没有发现主题信息，但不可放过出现的高频词和共通信息：即fish和size。读文章时要善于在第一时间找到起承上启下作用的句子以及每段主体句，这样可省去大量细读的时间。 Step2: 瞻首顾尾，定位中心句 本文是一篇新闻报道，所以规律是在第一段先点明主题，然后在以下各段详细叙述事情发展经过。所以，第一段中的主题句就可概括全篇：Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. Step3: 转义概括，或取其一 文章说明了一项最新研究成果----鱼类为什么节食。第一段以人为对比，引出这一话题，然后指出这是最新的研究成果。因此可以推断，接下来的段落里，作者要对这个发现加以说明。A项多过了文章的内容，D项简洁明了，概括全篇。 四、词义猜测题 词义猜测题常常不只停留在字面对构词法的考查上，而是更多考查在语境中的逻辑理解。常用提问方式： 解题思路： 1. 见“形”辨义：利用构词法，运用对词根、词缀的 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 来理解词义； 2. 望“文”生义：根据上下文，利用同义词、反义词进行猜测； 3. 拆“句”知义：分析句子，根据句子内部的逻辑关系理解词义。 典例： 1. 见“形”辨义 New archaeological discoveries suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many centuries than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road. 72. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by _______. A. produced      B. continued      C. doubled      D. combined 构词法 Coupled是派生词，-ed是形容词后缀，couple作动词意为“连接，结合”，coupled于是变成了分词形容词。 2. 望“文”生义 Kirsten Best Poet & Writer “When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increase my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological tool.” 62. What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? A. Ways that help one to focus.                B. Words that help one to feel less tense.  C. Activities that turn one’s attention away.      D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.  Step 1: 准确定位      在原文中定位第三段。 Step 2：分析上下文    本段主要说的是如何集中注意力并放松。从本段前三句可知，concentrate的作用应该是避免distractions的出现，故concentrate应与distractions对应的动词distract意义相反：things that make a person can’t concentrate。 3. 拆“句”知义 Days 1—3: UK---Shanghai Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food. Visit the beautiful Yu Gardens, Old Town, Shanghai Museum, cross the Great Nanpu Bridge and tour the Pudong area. Also explore Xintiandi with its 1920’s style Shikumen buildings and end your stay in Shanghai with an amazing Huangpu River evening tour. 64. The underlined word “sample” in the passage probably means “________”. A. buy        B. reserve          C. taste          D. make Step 1: 准确定位  Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food. Step 2：剖析句子  本文讲的是旅游日程安排。首先分析句子结构，这里的sample应该和fly 是并列谓语，同样也是动词。结合旅游日程安排这个前提，并根据后面宾语traditional Shanghai food来推测，taste适合。 针对不同体裁特点，根据不同命题思路，设置不同考查题型 --- 从各项不同能力培养目的出发，基于应用文的五个阅读理解题设计 下面提供的是一篇健康休闲题材类的短文，体裁为应用文。 应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当，一般说来，应用文文本的特点是： 信息量大，文句精炼；内容生活化，实用化，多样化；通常小标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明；人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。 应用文的命题主要考察考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对较容易。 根据应用文的文体特点以及命题特点，设计相应的解题技巧以及思路。 阅读这类文章时，也应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。 同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中的小标题或者以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。 Most fitness advice is given to a general audience. But if you’re old, the International Council on Active Aging (ICAA) has some suggestions for you to get started and keep you at the top of your game: Get a checkup. Talk with your doctor about getting permission to begin a fitness program and making any correction to suit your situation. Know your choices. Before starting, choose a program you’ll enjoy, so you’ll do it regularly. Some people, for example, like to go to a gym for carefully organized exercise, while others might prefer a more informal neighborhood walking club. Check out the facility and the staff. Is the place friendly? Can you change clothes comfortably? Are facilities easily used? Choose the style you want to take part in. Choose what’s best for you---a class or going alone? Morning or night hours? Indoor or outside exercise? Start slowly. Most people are too excited and sometimes overdo it. Record a baseline of your regular activities and determine a reasonable schedule. Make a date. Find a partner to exercise with you and he/ she can encourage you. Set specific short-term and long-term goals. Plan for activity in your day and pay enough attention to it.