英语素材:初中英语同义词辨析30
?291 pupil/student ?.pupil 特指“
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生;初等学校的学生”。也可指在教师指导下从事研究的“学生;门徒”如:
The peanist often gives pisno lessons to her pupils. 这位钢琴家经常给她的学生上钢琴课。 ?.student 指“大专院校的学生;中学生”。 有时,也可指研究或攻读某一学科的人。如:—?a college student. a middle school student.
He is a student of science. 他是一个理科学生。
?292 quick/ fast / rapid /soon ?. quick “快”一般指动作敏捷迅速,毫不延迟,在较短的时间内发生或完成某项动作。如: ? She ran with quick steps to the house. 她快步跑进屋子。
?. fast“快”主要用作副词。指运动着的人或物体速度快。
? The watch is only two minutes fast. 这只表只快两分钟。
?. rapid 指一个或一连串的动作迅速、敏捷,着重指运动本身,有时也指激流。如: ? The diligent boy makes rapid progress in his studies. 这个勤奋的男孩儿学业进步迅速。 ? Their country house stands by a rapid steam. 他们的农舍在急流的溪边。 ?. soon 着重指时间方面的快,可指现在或某个特定的时间的不久以后。如: ? He will come back very soon.他将很快就回来。
?293 quite / very/ too ?. Quite 是程度副词,可修饰副词、形容词和动词。跟表程度的词连用时,有“相当”“非常”的意思;跟没有程度差别的词连用时,作“完全”讲。如:
? I feel quite well. 我觉得身体不很不错。
? I am quite tired. 我相当 累了。
? We are not quite ready. 我们还没有完全准备好。
?. Very 也是程度副词。“很;非常”可用来修饰形容词或副词。 如:
? This factory is very large.
? He runs very fast.
[注意]:very 不能直接修饰动词。如:
? I quite like her. = I like her very much
?. Quite 与 very 有时可以通用。但在份量上very 比quite 重。试比较: ? His English is quite good.(= not bad)他的英语很不错。
? His English is very good. (= excellent)他的英语好极了。
?. Quite & very 与不定冠词连用时位置不同。即依照:“a(n)+very+形容词+中心名词”和“quite + a(n) + 形容词 +中心词”的顺序排列。 如:
? Jimes was quite a small baby. Jimes是个小孩子。
? Jimes was a very small baby. Jimes 是个很小的孩子。
?. Too “太、过分”含有超过容许的程度。带有否定的意味。
cold today. 今天太冷了。(含有不喜欢或不……) ? It is too
? It was very cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。
[注意]:very 不能与too连用。不可以说:It’s very too cold.应将very 改为much或far.如: ? The cap is too big for me.
?294 quite/ rather/ very 都是程度副词,意为:“非常、相当、很”,无比较级和最高级。其区别在于: ?. quite 可直接修饰动词。如:
? Some people don’t like the winter, but I quite like it.
?. rather 不可直接修饰动词。语气稍强。可与would 连用构成 would rather…than…这个平行连词结构。如:
? She is rather tall. 她相当高。
? ,would rather stay at home(than go for a walk) 我宁愿呆在家里。(也不愿到散步) ? I would rather you stayed at home.
? I would rather listen to music than to swimming. 我宁愿听音乐,也不愿去游泳。 ?. very 也不能直接修饰动词。修饰形容词或副词时,语气最强。如: ? I like English very much = I quite like English.
? His English is very good. (程度强=excellent) ?His English is quite (rather) good. (程度轻
,not bad)
,注,:quite (rather) 和very 与“不定冠词,形容词,名词”连用时位置不同。其排列顺序
是:
? “quite + a (an) +adj + noun” ? “a + quite (rather) +adj +noun” 如: ? This is quite an interesting film.
? It’s a quite (rather) fine day today. (只有名词前有形容词修饰时,冠词a / an 才可置前。 ? “a + very + adj + noun” 如:
? I watched a very interesting TV play.
?295 real/ true ?.real 指客观上存在,并非想象和虚构的,它是与“无”相对而言的。如: ? This is a story of real life. 这是一个从真实生活中取材的故事。 ? This is a real diamond.这是一颗真正的钻石。
?. true 指符合某一标准或实际情况的,强调真实性。如:
? True love should last for ever. 真爱永不渝。
? Is it true that you’re going abroad for your holidays? 你要到国外去度假是真的吗, ,注,:come true “(梦想)实现”不用real.
genuine [`denju:in]指没有掺假的,货真价实的,强调纯真度。如: З
Is the bracelet[,breislit] genuine gold? 这手镯是真金的吗,
?296 river/ stream/ brook ?. river 指流向湖、海等有一定航运能力的“江、河”。是通用词。常见于河流名称中。如: ? the Changjiang River
?. stream “川、溪、小河”指比江、河小的溪、小河等。
?. broom “小溪、小河”指流量极小的stream.
?297 road/ street/ way ?. road 指人和交通工具通行的“路”,也借喻:“导致……的途径”如: ? Where does the road lead to? 这条路通什么地方,
? It is the road to success. 这是成功之路。
?. street “街道”指由建筑物夹成的路。无road用法广泛。
? Don’t play in the street.
?. way 不是指实实在在的路,而是指达到特定的地点所须经过的地方。与方向有关。如: ? It is a long way from here to the station. 从这儿到车站有一大段路程。 ? ,hich is the shortest way there?到那儿去哪条路最近,
?298 say/ speak/ talk/ tell ?. say “说、讲”普通用语,指用言语表达思想,强调所说的内容。如: ? What did he say? 他说了些什么,
? He said that it was true. 他说那是真实的。
?. speak “说、讲”可表示以任何一种方式说话。它着重于说话这一动作本身。而不强调所说的内容。为不及物动词。作及物动词时与表语言的词连用。如:
? Please speak more slowly. 请说得慢一些。
? The baby is learning to speak. 这小孩在学说话。
? She can speak English fluently. 她英语说得很流利。
?. talk “谈话、讲话”,通常表连贯地与别人谈话。强调谈话这一动作,而不是内容。如: ? He was talking to a friend. 他在和一个朋友谈话。
? ,e went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he
said. 他滔滔不绝地讲了半天,但是他说得太快,我们几乎没
有什么人能听懂他说的些什么。
? She is always talking nonsense. 她总爱讲废话。
?. tell “告诉、讲述”指将某事讲给别人听。它有时还有“吩咐、命令”等含义。如: ? He told the news to everybody in the village. 他把这消息告诉了村子里的每个人。 ? She told me not to write the letter. 她叫我不要写信了。
?299 seat/ sit
?.seat 多用作名词。表“座位”,当它用作动词时表“坐、就座”,是及物动词,与反身代词连用。如:
? He seated himself at a desk. 他在桌旁坐下。
? Please be seated , gentlemen.请就座,各位先生。
? Please go back to your seat. 请回到你的座位上去。
?. sit 为不及物动词。如:
?Sit down , please.
?300 see sb doing sth/ do sth ?.see sb doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事”,用动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,表动作正在进行。
?.see sb do sth. “见到某人做了某事”,表动作发生了,即动作的全部过程已经结束了。类似的动词还有:hear, feel, watch,等感官动词,及have, let, make等使役动词。如: ? She saw a boy go into your classroom. 她看见一个男孩进了人的教室。 ? I saw him walking in the street.我看见他正在街上散步。
? The teacher heard Jim reading English when she came in. 老师进来时,听见Jim在读英语。