牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结(0

牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf (0 Chapter One Travel 一(课文重点词语与短语 plan 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事 offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth shop 购物 shop for sth = buy sth Why not do sth? =Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做„ used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 the same as„ 和„一样 be famous for sth = be well-known for sth 以„闻名 be famous as 作为„而著名 help sb (to )do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 one of + 可数名词复数 „之一，其中之一 二(语法:冠词a,an,与the 的用法 ?不定冠词a/an的用法主要有: (泛指 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示"某一个"，用于可数名词单数前。如: We need a rent to live in. 1 2(与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。如: 1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。) 2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger. 3(在某些词组中，代替介词per，作“每一”讲。如: twice a day, 5 dollars a kilo I play computer games once a week. 注意: a /an 的区别 a 用在辅音开头的单词前:a cat, a useful book an 用在元音发音的单词前:an English book, an interesting story, an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man„ ?定冠词the的用法主要有: 1. 表示特指某人或某物。如: The notebook on the desk is mine. Beijing is the capital of China. 2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如: There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如: the earth, the sun„ 4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如: Let's go for a picnic, shall we? 5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如: She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如: the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf„ 7. 用在乐器名称前。如: play the violin(guitar, piano„) 8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如: The Whites are on their holiday in Canada. 9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如: the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge 10(在最高级、序数词及next，last，same等词前常用定冠词。如: The last one is the most important one. ?不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有: 1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如: Water and air are important to us. Wisdom is better than strength. 2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等代 词的情况下。如: I want this car, not that car. There is some water in the cup. 3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如: There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. School begins on September 1. March 8th is Women's Day. 特例:1)中国的传统节日要加the。如:the Spring Festival 4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如: I have breakfast at six in the morning. They play football every day. He prefers science to physics. 特例:当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。如: They had a good dinner yesterday. 5. 在学科前不加冠词。如: I am good at maths and history. 6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前;国名和地 名人名前通常也不加冠词。如:Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen Square;China， Shenzhen，Tom 7(表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用 冠词。如: I usually go to my office by bus. 配套练习 1. There will be ______ interesting TV program tomorrow evening. A. a B. an C. the D. some 2. I have never seen _____ UFO in ______ sky. 2 A. a , the B. an , the C. a, a D. the, a 3. --- Have you seen _________ umbrella here? --- You mean _______ black one? It was here just now. A. an; the B. the; a C. an; a D. the; the 4 . _______ Biology is ______ science of ________life. A. /; the; / B. /; the; the C. The; /; / D. The; /; the 5. The boy wrote _____ “l” and ____“u” on the blackboard. A. a; an B. an; an C. a; a D. an; a 6. Now he is ______ artist . I have known him since he was _____ one-year-old boy. A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a 7._____Christmas Day of the western countries falls before ______Spring Festival of China. A. /; the B. the ; / C. /;/ D. The ; the 8. Today is my ________happiest day because I won _____ first prize in the match. A. the; the B. /; the C. the ; / D. /;/ 9 . _____Changjiang River is ____ longest river in China. A. The ; the B. The ; / C. / ; the D. / ;/ Chapter 2 Protecting our environment 一(课文重点词语与短语 be interested in sth 对……感兴趣 of course 当然 begin to do sth 开始做某事 each other 相互 pass sth to sb =pass sb sth 传递某物给某人 communicate with sb 和某人交流 taste 尝起来… 后跟形容词作表语 be in danger 处境危险 collect stamps 搜集邮票 enjoy doing… 喜欢做… enjoy oneself 玩得开心 thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事 make sb/sth + 动词原形 使……做…… in order of 以……的顺序 类似inrerested 与interesting的形容词:excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring… 通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到……; 以-ing 结尾的形容词汗主动意义， 表示使人，令人……. 二. 语法:现在进行时态 结构 be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语 be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否 定句和疑问句 动词ing现在分词的变化规则: 1)动词+ing: do-doing teach-teaching ; 3 2)以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing: put-putting ; 3) 以字母e 结尾的，去掉e再+ing: make-making take-taking 。 4)单词以辅音字母加,ie结尾，去-ie变y, 再加-ing. 如die(死亡)----dying; tie—tying 注意:表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如: believe(相信)，doubt(怀疑)，hear，know，understand，belong(属于)，think(认为)， look(看起来)，show，mind，have，sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)，care，like，hate， love， 例如:Danny: The doorbell is ringing. May: I know. I hear it. 某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……: I’m coming. 我这就来。 I’m going/leaving. 我这就走。 同步练习 ( )1. — Listen! Who ______ in the room? — Let’s go and see. A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries ( ) 2. we can get some useful things ____ trees. A .to B .for C. with D. from ( ) 3 .You must thank the girls _____ their help. A. for B. to C. on D. about ( ) 4. We plant ______ trees in our school every year. A . a lot B. a lot of C. a lots of D much ( ) 5. Jim and his teacher _______ over there. A. is talk B. are talk C. is talking D. are talking ( ) 6 “ Don’t always make Tim ____ this or that. He is a big boy now.” Mrs. Bush said. A. doing B. do C. does D. to do ( )7 —What is the boy doing? —He’s _______ a book. A. seeing B. reading C. looking at D. watching ( ) 8 Mr. Smith_____ to visit Beijing in two days. A. come B. came C. comes D. is coming ( ) 9. I think English is _______ than Math. A. interestinger B. more interesting C. most interesting D. more interestinger ( ) 10 We _____ a picnic next week. A. will have B. have C. having D. had ( ) 11. There _____ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning. A. has B. is going to be C. will have D has been ( )12. It’s a big house _____ a garden in front of it. 4 A. in B. have C. for D. with ( )13(Will you pass that book ______ me? A. to B. for C. from D. at ( )14(Rose never communicates ______ others. A. to B. for C. with D. at ( )15. Do you know what these books are useful _________? A. to B. for C. with D. at ( )16. Trees are our best fighters ________ pollution. A. for B. with C. on D. against Chpater 3 一(课文重点词语与短语 look up 查阅 human beings 人类 an amusement park 游乐园 buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 all year round 全年 some… others… 一些……另一些…… as…as…像一样 die out 灭绝 learn about sth from…从……了解某事 be born 出生 after leaving school 毕业后 deliver mail 送邮件 at the same time 同时 be based on 以……为基础 more than 数量多于 二. 语法 1 指示代词 this，that，these，those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出，它们之间是有差别的。那么，我们就来讲一讲，指示代词this，that，these，those的具体用法。 (1)this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物，以及时间上较近的场合。如: This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。 (2)that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如: That is his father. 那是我爸爸。 (3)these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。this，that和is 连用，而these，those和are 连用。this is，these are，those are不存在缩写形式，只有that is有缩写形式，即that's。如: These are my friends. Those are their aunts. That's his father. = That is his father. 指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了，那么，怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢, 我们都知道，由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时，直接将be动词提前到句首，把第一人称转换为第二人称，回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为this，that，these，those的疑问句时，问句中的this，that在答语中要用it替代，these，those要用they替代。如: — Is this his father? — Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 5 — Are these your friends? — Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 注意:指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时，通常也是用it 代替this和that，用they 代替these 和those。 What is this, It is a bird. (4)this,that,those和these加名词构成一些常用短语，表示时间，指现在或过去。 this morning 今天早晨 this spring 今年春天 that morning 那天早晨 these days 这些天 2 可数名词与不可数名词 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。 (1) 可数名词表示复数意义时，可用some/ many/lots of/ a lot of / a few/ few/ 修饰: many bananas ， a few pens (2) 不可数名词可以用some/ much/ lots of/ a lot of / a little/ little 修饰:much meat ， a little bread 可数名词单数变复数规则变化: (1)一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes (3)以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es 6 party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities (5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys (6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes s 不少外来词加- piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos (7) 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos (8) 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例:a dollar, two dollars; 不规则名词复数: 英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下: 1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同 sheep, deer, fish, yuan, jin, Swiss, Chinese, Japanese 3只有复数形式 trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses 4一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle 注意: 记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如: Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 同步练习 一. 选择填空 ( )1.---Would you like some tea ? ---Yes, just ________ . A. a little B. a few C. a little of D. much ( )2. --- Our new China’s full name is the People’s Republic of China. --- Yes, it was _______ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. founded C. founding D. finding ( )3. --- What is the story about? --- It is a detective story and is _____ a real story. 7 A. come from B. based on C. based to D. bases on ( )4. --- How many ______are there on the table? --- There are ____. A. glass of water / two B. carton of milk / ten C. baskets of oranges / two D. bottles of oranges / ten ( )5. --- What do you usually do in the morning? --- We often have _________ seven in the morning. A. breakfast B. lunch at C. supper D. breakfast at ( )6. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_______, please? A. some bread B. some tea C. any water D. some eggs ( )7(---What’s _____ in English? ---_____ a pair of glasses. A(this -- It’s B、this -- That C(this --- It D(that --- That’s ( )8(Guo bought ____ in the shop last week. A. a lot of bread and a jar of jams B. a lot of breads and two jars of jam C. a lot of bread and a jar jam D. a lot of bread and two jars of jam ( )9.______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well . A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of ( )10. “What’s the _______ today ? ”---“It’s June 26. ” A. day B. date C. time D. hour ( )11. --- Hello! Who is ______? --- ______ is Mary speaking. A. that / That B. that / This C. this / This D. these / Those ( )12. They are _______ from America. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctor D. women doctors ( )13. Tom always stays at home for ______ on Sunday. A. one and half hour B. one and a half hour C. one half an hour D. one and a half hours ( )14, --- Can I help you? --- Yes, I want 2 kilograms of ______ and some ___ A. beef / egg B. egg / beef C. beef / eggs D. an egg / beef ( )15. How many _______ are there in these ______? A. tomato / photo B. tomatoes / photoes C. tomatos / photos D. tomatoes / photos Chapter 4 一 重点词汇和短语 1.sense感官 2.balance平衡 3.tongue舌头 4.blind盲的;瞎的 5.book预定 6.allow允许…进入 7.lead带路;带领 8.exit出口 9. describe描述 10. lie躺 11. dead失灵的;不转运的 12. seem似乎13. convenient方便的 14. mind注意 15 almost几乎16. disability缺陷;残疾 短语 1.find out找出 2.match …with…使...和...相配 8 3.keep balance保持平衡 4.fall down跌倒;摔倒 5.stop doing sth停止做某事 6. stop to work 停下某事而去工作 7.belong to属于 8.reception desk接待处，服务台 9.walk into…走进… 10.book a room定房 11.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 12.lead sb to sp领某人去某地 13.the location of…的位置 14.safety first安全第一 15.describe sth to sb向某人描述… 16.be asleep在睡觉 17.save one’s life救了某人的生命 18.seem like看起来象，似乎 19.the sound of sth …的声音 20.be against sth反对… 21.seconds later不久，很快 22.show up= appear 出现 23. fire alarm火警警报 24.go off突然发出响声 25.look out/watch out小心 26 have a cold患感冒 27.hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事 28. belong to 属于 29. a blind man 盲人 30. lile on the floor 躺在地上 二 语法:人称代词;形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词;反身代词 Task1 人称代词 单数 复数 人称 第一人第二 第三 第一 第二 第三 称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 主格 I 宾格 me 1. ________(我) am a teacher. 2. My father is talking with _______(我). 3. _______(他) often plays basketball after school. 4. _______(他的) teacher is good. 5. _______(我们) will buy a pair of shoes for _______(他). 6. Please pass______(我们) the ball. 7. _______(他们) are listening to the radio. Task2 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my 名词性物主代词 mine 9 1. This is _______(我的) book. That is__________(他的). 2. _______(他的) chair is blue. _____________( 我们的) is yellow. 3. _______(我们的) classroom is big.__________( 你们的) is small. 4. _______(他的) teacher is good. ______(她的)is good too. Task3 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself 复数 他自称是作家。 1. He called _________ a writer. 照顾好自己。 2. Take care of _________. 那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服。 3. The Little boy can dress __________. 我自己洗了衣服。 4. I _________ washed the clothes. 5. we enjoyed_________ last night.我 们昨天玩的很愉快 10 选择填空. ( )1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn’t enjoy _______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself ( )2. Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ________. A. She , she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she ( )3. Jim’s watch is much newer than _________. A. hers B. she C. her D. herself ( )4. There are 2 pens here. ___ is red, and ____is blue. A. Yours, mine B. Your, my C. Yours, my D. Your, mine ( )5.______ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it. A. She B. She’s C. Hers D. Her ( )6.——Who taught you English last year? ——Nobody taught me. I taught ____. A. me B. myself C. mine D. I ( )7.That bike is _________? A(he B. him C. his D. it ( )8. We bought ______ a present, but _______ didn’t like it. A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves, their D. theirs, they ( )9. Jim will give _________ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. us C. our D. ours ( )10_________ agree with what you said. Tom has a different idea. A. Not all them B. Not all of them C. Any of them D. They all Chapter 5 一 重点单词和短语 at last 终于 make electricity 发电 in a way 在某种程度上 come back =return 回来 connect…to… 把……连接到….. with a grin on one’s face 脸上带着笑容 a packet of …一袋，一包 be on (灯，水龙头，机器等)开着 be off (灯，水龙头，机器等)关了 be able to do …能够做….. switch /turn on 开(灯，水龙头，机器等) switch/ turn off 关(灯，水龙头，机器等) trick sb 捉弄某人 turn right/ left 向右转/向左转 look foolish 看起来很傻 keep silent/ quiet 保持安静 all kinds of 各种各样的饿 different forms of …不同形式的 run an air conditioner 开空调 change…into… 把……变成….. a power station 发电站 二 语法:情态动词 11 情态动词不能单独作谓语动词，后接其它动词原形做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。 表示能够或不能做某事用can 或 can’t; 过去式为: could. Fish can’t live without water. ---Can she play the piano? ---Yes, she can. /No, she can’t. 2. 告诉人们必须或禁止做某事用must或mustn’t; You must hand in your homework at once. You mustn’t talk loudly in public. 在回答must的疑问句时，否定回答常用 needn’t 或don’t have to表示不必，而不用 mustn’t 。 -- Must we stay here ? --No, you needn’t . ( No, you don’t have to .) 3.may, can，may not 表示许可和请求. 可和can 互相使用. e.g (1).You may play computer game this evening. (2)--- May I open the door? .---Yes, you may / No, you may not. 拒绝对方时, 可用 “ No, you mustn’t / sorry, you can’t. .---May I watch TV now ? ---No, you mustn’t. 4，can 和 be able to都可表示能……区别如下 : be able to 有人称数和时态的变化。 I can come tomorrow . He was able to help the old lady. I will be able to come tomorrow. 随堂练习 1.John____ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must 2 They _____ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to 3 --May I take this book out? --No, you_______. A. can’t B. may not C. needn’t D. aren’t 4 You_____ go and see a doctor at once because you’ve got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_______. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not 6 Must I finish the work today? No, you __. 12 A. don’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 7 You _____ talk loudly in the library. A. don’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. don’t have to 8—You must come here at six tomorrow morning. --Sorry, I____ be here so early. A. need B. can C. must D. can’t 9. After a long walk, the old man____ be tired now. A. must B. has to C. need D. can Chapter 6 一 重点单词和短语 uninteresting 无趣味的 reject 拒绝 dull 枯燥的 thank goodness 谢天谢地 feel like doing sth =would like to do sth 想要做某事 lie down 躺下 be patient with …对……有耐心 hate doing sth 讨厌做某事 knock on/ at the door 敲门 run in rings 绕着圈跑 keep doing sth 不断地做某事 mind sth/doing sth 介意某事/做某事 be similar to 与……相似 all right 好吧 确实 be pround of 以……为自豪 二 语法 1. 特殊疑问词who 与whose 的用法 Who，问谁，主要用于人，对句中出现的人进行提问。 ---Who is playing the piano in the next door, ---Tom. whose 问是谁的(所有格)，可以修饰指代人或事物的名词，对句中的名词所有格, 形 容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词进行提问 ---Whose mother is a doctor? ---Nick’s. --- Whose watch is that, ---That is your watch. 注意: whom 与who :whom 是宾格形式，意思是谁，而who是主格形式。 Whose 与who’s: whose 是谁的，who’s =who is 谁是 2. 不定代词one 与ones 的使用 One 用来替代单数可数名词，以避免重复，泛指同类事物中的任何一个。 例如: ---Excuse me, I want to find a bookshop. ---I know one. Come on. I’ll show you. 13 Ones 用来替代可数名词复数，泛指同类事物中的一些。 ---Would you like the green cups or the blue cups? --- Blue ones. 注意: it 和one都可以代替前面提到的名词，但it 代替前面提到的那件特指的事物，是指同一件事物;而one 所代替的是前面提到的同类事物，但不是同一件。 14