浅谈小学生解决问题策略意识的培养

浅谈小学生解决问题策略意识的培养 加涅说过，“学生能否解决问题，既取决于是否掌握有关规则，也取决于学生控制自己内部思维过程的策略。” 问题解决是以问题为中心，以学生已有知识和经验为基础，学生在教师创设最佳认知活动的条件下，自主地发现问题， 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 问题和解决问题，学生通过自身情感体验去实现知识的再创造的教学活动。这个过程是教师对学生运用数学知识进行思维活动的指导过程，可以从创设问题情景、发现问题、探究问题、解决问题、 评价 LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载 过程和结果等几个方面来组织和实施教学。 “理解问题”是解决问题思维活动的开始，“理解”的一个重要指标就看能否用平常的语言把问题陈述出来，并通过对问题的陈述产生关于问题的内部 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 征，进而产生解决问题的思维定向。 在学生对问题感知和理解后，就要寻求和确定解决问题的方案，即找到解决问题的策略。问题不同，解题的策略也有所不同，同一问题在不同的环境、不同的时间，也可采用不同的策略。学生在通过教师的引导、扶持等帮助形成自己的解题策略。小学生需要掌握的解决问题的策略一般有: 1、模式策略:建议学生寻找一个模式:我是否解决过与此相类似的问题,那时我用了什么方法来解决,这道题可以使用同样的方法吗,有没有可以借鉴之处, 2、猜测—验证策略:猜猜这个问题的结论可能是什么,我能用什么方法加以验证, leaf of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 7.00 7.00 electric hoist 1 2.50 slider 2x80 1.00 1.50 5.00 1 I50 jacked with electrical equipment 4 flat emergency gate slot of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 of 2 2 .50 2.00 4.00 5 sand spillway gate door leaf 1.5x1.5 1 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 slider screw hoist electrical equipment 6 50.00 2.50 1 sand sluice working gate slot of overflow dam 1.5x1.5 1 3.00 2.00 2.00 7 water inlet trashrack gate leaf 2.0 Fixed X3.5 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 8 water inlet door leaf 2.0x2.5 slider 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 screw hoist 80.00 3.50 1.00 9 electrical equipment working gate slot of the intake 2.0x2.5 1 3.00 ... Tables 9.3.1 to be put into the main construction equipment number equipment name model number manufacturer name year of purchase has been using classes maintenance situation now where to enter time 1 AC electric welding machine BX-300 2 Wuhan 2010 120 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 2 AC welding machines welding machine BX-500-3 2 Wuhan 2010 2012.12 3 102 good workshop Silicon rectifier welding machines welding machine ZXG-400 1 Wuhan 1996 30 good workshop 2012.12 4 CO2 gas shielded welding machine ZXG-1250 4 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012.12 5 Workshop 2006 95 good carbon arc gouging machine ZXG-500 2 Wuhan 2010 80 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 6 Wuhan welding semi-automatic cutting machine CG1-30 1 machine shop 2009 212 good 2012.12 7 manual cutting device 2 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012 6 a good workshop 2012.12 8 Baking box 400 degrees 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 9 automatic temperature control box CWK-18KW 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 10 insulation barrel 4 Wuhan 11 2009 140 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 truck crane 25T 1 car loan good workshop 2012.12 12 flatbed 1 lease a good workshop 13 hoist 1T~5T 2012.12 14 5, Jiangsu wujin 2011 22 good workshop 2010, China air compresso 3、枚举策略:试着列出所有的情况，看一看能不能从中找到解决问题的策略。 4、推理策略:找出题中的规律，试着推理一下，找出解决问题的办法。 5、简约策略:能把这道问题简化一下吗,从与他相似的简单情况入手，我找到了解决问题的办法了吗, 6、逆向策略:可以试着从问题开始，逐步去寻找解决问题的相关信息，试着加以解决。 7、操作策略:我可以动手操作一下，看一看在操作中有什么新发现。 8、情境策略:通过观察主题图、再现生活情景，帮助解决问题。 9、核心策略:找到解决问题的核心，以此带动问题的解决。 10、图示策略:画出示意图，帮助解决问题。 通过解决问题，学生会获得丰富的数学活动经验，有利于学生理解数学，加深对数学知识、思想方法的本质理解;有利于学生在过程中体会数学的抽象性和广泛的应用性，发展学生的数学的抽象能力;有利于学生的独立思考、同学间的相互合作、数学的交流和表达…… 因此教师应加强学生策略意识的培养。 下面以四年级 下册 数学七年级下册拔高题下载二年级下册除法运算下载七年级下册数学试卷免费下载二年级下册语文生字表部编三年级下册语文教材分析 89页16题《多边形的内角和》为例，浅谈一下如何培养学生解决问题的策略意识: 片 段: 1、演绎旧知，初步归纳 leaf of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 7.00 7.00 electric hoist 1 2.50 slider 2x80 1.00 1.50 5.00 1 I50 jacked with electrical equipment 4 flat emergency gate slot of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 of 2 2 .50 2.00 4.00 5 sand spillway gate door leaf 1.5x1.5 1 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 slider screw hoist electrical equipment 6 50.00 2.50 1 sand sluice working gate slot of overflow dam 1.5x1.5 1 3.00 2.00 2.00 7 water inlet trashrack gate leaf 2.0 Fixed X3.5 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 8 water inlet door leaf 2.0x2.5 slider 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 screw hoist 80.00 3.50 1.00 9 electrical equipment working gate slot of the intake 2.0x2.5 1 3.00 ... Tables 9.3.1 to be put into the main construction equipment number equipment name model number manufacturer name year of purchase has been using classes maintenance situation now where to enter time 1 AC electric welding machine BX-300 2 Wuhan 2010 120 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 2 AC welding machines welding machine BX-500-3 2 Wuhan 2010 2012.12 3 102 good workshop Silicon rectifier welding machines welding machine ZXG-400 1 Wuhan 1996 30 good workshop 2012.12 4 CO2 gas shielded welding machine ZXG-1250 4 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012.12 5 Workshop 2006 95 good carbon arc gouging machine ZXG-500 2 Wuhan 2010 80 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 6 Wuhan welding semi-automatic cutting machine CG1-30 1 machine shop 2009 212 good 2012.12 7 manual cutting device 2 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012 6 a good workshop 2012.12 8 Baking box 400 degrees 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 9 automatic temperature control box CWK-18KW 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 10 insulation barrel 4 Wuhan 11 2009 140 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 truck crane 25T 1 car loan good workshop 2012.12 12 flatbed 1 lease a good workshop 13 hoist 1T~5T 2012.12 14 5, Jiangsu wujin 2011 22 good workshop 2010, China air compresso 出示:三角形的内角和是多少度,你用什么方法验证的, 学生进行演示，讲清思路，确定名称。 请学生思考:折角凑和，撕角拼和，„„，这几种方法有什么共同点。 (板书:量角求和，折角凑和，撕角拼和，„„。) 2、枚举归纳，主动探索规律 (1)猜想:你用这些方法还可以求哪些图形的内角和,四边形、五边形内角和各是多少, [鼓励学生利用已有经验大胆猜测] (2)出示四边形:这个图形的内角和是多少,你用什么方法验证, 汇报证明方法:“量角求和”可以适用，指名演示。“剪角拼和”可以适用，指名演示。 提问:折叠拼和为什么不用了呢, 创新:还有其他方法吗,(引导学生沿对角线将四边形切成两个三角形)你能给这种方法起一个名字吗, 板书:分割(一分为二)转化(三角形)，180×2,360 [学生在寻求和确定解决问题的方案时，原有的认知结构作为问题解决新方案的基础。他们经常处于边想边做的状态下。同时，学生在解决问题的过程中，经常会出现不期而遇的新问题，如以往的学习经验是无效的等。此时的学生是否能根据实际问题来有意识地修正方leaf of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 7.00 7.00 electric hoist 1 2.50 slider 2x80 1.00 1.50 5.00 1 I50 jacked with electrical equipment 4 flat emergency gate slot of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 of 2 2 .50 2.00 4.00 5 sand spillway gate door leaf 1.5x1.5 1 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 slider screw hoist electrical equipment 6 50.00 2.50 1 sand sluice working gate slot of overflow dam 1.5x1.5 1 3.00 2.00 2.00 7 water inlet trashrack gate leaf 2.0 Fixed X3.5 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 8 water inlet door leaf 2.0x2.5 slider 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 screw hoist 80.00 3.50 1.00 9 electrical equipment working gate slot of the intake 2.0x2.5 1 3.00 ... Tables 9.3.1 to be put into the main construction equipment number equipment name model number manufacturer name year of purchase has been using classes maintenance situation now where to enter time 1 AC electric welding machine BX-300 2 Wuhan 2010 120 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 2 AC welding machines welding machine BX-500-3 2 Wuhan 2010 2012.12 3 102 good workshop Silicon rectifier welding machines welding machine ZXG-400 1 Wuhan 1996 30 good workshop 2012.12 4 CO2 gas shielded welding machine ZXG-1250 4 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012.12 5 Workshop 2006 95 good carbon arc gouging machine ZXG-500 2 Wuhan 2010 80 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 6 Wuhan welding semi-automatic cutting machine CG1-30 1 machine shop 2009 212 good 2012.12 7 manual cutting device 2 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012 6 a good workshop 2012.12 8 Baking box 400 degrees 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 9 automatic temperature control box CWK-18KW 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 10 insulation barrel 4 Wuhan 11 2009 140 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 truck crane 25T 1 car loan good workshop 2012.12 12 flatbed 1 lease a good workshop 13 hoist 1T~5T 2012.12 14 5, Jiangsu wujin 2011 22 good workshop 2010, China air compresso 案、矫正策略呢,这就需要我们教师适时地引领学生不断提升策略选择的思维品质，不断激励学生思考新的方法。] (3)出示:正五边形这个图形的内角和是多少,你用什么方法验证, 汇报证明方法:量角求和，分割转化(一分为三)。 提问“剪角拼和”为什么不用了呢, (4)启发:求6边形内角和又是多少度呢,你会用什么方法, [学生意识到量，拼，割都不是好方法，从而最终萌发出利用“分”的方法寻找规律的愿望。众多的方法来自学生，并引导学生选择最佳的、或合适自己的方法。从而在比较中去鉴别，在多解中去优解，不断的提高自己的选择能力。] 引导:(1)学生思考三角形、四边形、五边形内角和的求法，找出求多边形内角和规律，再算出6边形内角和。 (2)可以使用列表的方法， 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 出规律。 (3)你发现规律后可以在小组内交流，学生小组内通过画一画、剪一剪等方式进行实践活动。 图 形 边数 方法 分割三角形的个数 度数 三角形 3 180 四边形 五边形 „„ „„ N边形 教师巡视指导。 汇报:让学生填表后以组为单位汇报。 leaf of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 7.00 7.00 electric hoist 1 2.50 slider 2x80 1.00 1.50 5.00 1 I50 jacked with electrical equipment 4 flat emergency gate slot of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 of 2 2 .50 2.00 4.00 5 sand spillway gate door leaf 1.5x1.5 1 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 slider screw hoist electrical equipment 6 50.00 2.50 1 sand sluice working gate slot of overflow dam 1.5x1.5 1 3.00 2.00 2.00 7 water inlet trashrack gate leaf 2.0 Fixed X3.5 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 8 water inlet door leaf 2.0x2.5 slider 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 screw hoist 80.00 3.50 1.00 9 electrical equipment working gate slot of the intake 2.0x2.5 1 3.00 ... Tables 9.3.1 to be put into the main construction equipment number equipment name model number manufacturer name year of purchase has been using classes maintenance situation now where to enter time 1 AC electric welding machine BX-300 2 Wuhan 2010 120 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 2 AC welding machines welding machine BX-500-3 2 Wuhan 2010 2012.12 3 102 good workshop Silicon rectifier welding machines welding machine ZXG-400 1 Wuhan 1996 30 good workshop 2012.12 4 CO2 gas shielded welding machine ZXG-1250 4 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012.12 5 Workshop 2006 95 good carbon arc gouging machine ZXG-500 2 Wuhan 2010 80 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 6 Wuhan welding semi-automatic cutting machine CG1-30 1 machine shop 2009 212 good 2012.12 7 manual cutting device 2 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012 6 a good workshop 2012.12 8 Baking box 400 degrees 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 9 automatic temperature control box CWK-18KW 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 10 insulation barrel 4 Wuhan 11 2009 140 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 truck crane 25T 1 car loan good workshop 2012.12 12 flatbed 1 lease a good workshop 13 hoist 1T~5T 2012.12 14 5, Jiangsu wujin 2011 22 good workshop 2010, China air compresso 发现:n边形的内角和=180×(n,2) 3、总结方法，深化数学思想 (1)组内研讨，归纳总结解决问题的方法。 (2)谈活动收获，小结知识与方法的关系。 [在解决问题以后，引导学生开展交流与评价，进行策略反思。进一步激发了学生探究的心理冲突和不满足的欲望，从而发展学生思维，为形成富有理性的数学思考积累了经验。] leaf of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 7.00 7.00 electric hoist 1 2.50 slider 2x80 1.00 1.50 5.00 1 I50 jacked with electrical equipment 4 flat emergency gate slot of sluice and dam 6.2x2.0 of 2 2 .50 2.00 4.00 5 sand spillway gate door leaf 1.5x1.5 1 1.50 1.50 to 3.00 slider screw hoist electrical equipment 6 50.00 2.50 1 sand sluice working gate slot of overflow dam 1.5x1.5 1 3.00 2.00 2.00 7 water inlet trashrack gate leaf 2.0 Fixed X3.5 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 8 water inlet door leaf 2.0x2.5 slider 1 3.00 3.00 3.00 screw hoist 80.00 3.50 1.00 9 electrical equipment working gate slot of the intake 2.0x2.5 1 3.00 ... Tables 9.3.1 to be put into the main construction equipment number equipment name model number manufacturer name year of purchase has been using classes maintenance situation now where to enter time 1 AC electric welding machine BX-300 2 Wuhan 2010 120 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 2 AC welding machines welding machine BX-500-3 2 Wuhan 2010 2012.12 3 102 good workshop Silicon rectifier welding machines welding machine ZXG-400 1 Wuhan 1996 30 good workshop 2012.12 4 CO2 gas shielded welding machine ZXG-1250 4 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012.12 5 Workshop 2006 95 good carbon arc gouging machine ZXG-500 2 Wuhan 2010 80 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 6 Wuhan welding semi-automatic cutting machine CG1-30 1 machine shop 2009 212 good 2012.12 7 manual cutting device 2 Wuhan electric welding machine 2012 6 a good workshop 2012.12 8 Baking box 400 degrees 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 9 automatic temperature control box CWK-18KW 1 Wuhan 2010 150 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 10 insulation barrel 4 Wuhan 11 2009 140 good electric welding machine workshop 2012.12 truck crane 25T 1 car loan good workshop 2012.12 12 flatbed 1 lease a good workshop 13 hoist 1T~5T 2012.12 14 5, Jiangsu wujin 2011 22 good workshop 2010, China air compresso