考研英语历年真题翻译部分背诵版(附带答案)1996——2010

考研英语历年 真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 翻译部分背诵版(附带答案)1996——2010 考研英语历年真题翻译部分(附带答案)1996——2010 1996年英译汉 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 译文:在这些原因中，有些完全是社会需求的必然结果/自然而然地来自社会需求，而另一 些原因则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。 (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 译文:这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构 提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。 (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. 译文:通过支持与当前目标无关但对将来可能会产生影响的某些科学研究，这一问题看来能 最有效地得到解决。 (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. 译文:然而，世界就是如此创造的，以至于完美的体系一般而言都不能解决一些世界上更加 引人入胜的问题。 (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 译文:就像过去那样，将来也必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，从而给完美以新的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 。 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 译文:实际上，这一问法并不存在/事实并非如此，因为这种问法认为这儿存在一种对人权 的共同认识，而这种共同认识在世界上并不存在。 (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 译文:有些哲学家认为，权利只是存在于社会契约之中，并作为责任与权利相交换的一部分。 (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. 译文:这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像 对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么就是完全冷漠无情。 (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 译文:这类极端主义者认为，人与动物在每一个相关的方面都不相同，因此动物不在道德考 虑的范围之内或对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 译文:看到动物痛苦产生这样的同情心并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作 用，这种本能应该得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 译文:但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的 是150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 (12)The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. 译文:巨大宇宙云的存在，实际上使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导 地位。 (13)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. 译文:天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不 久会 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 他们的观测结果。 (14)If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 译文:假如那些小热点看上去同预想的一致，那就意味着又一科学观点的胜利，这种观点即 一种完美的大爆炸论，也称宇宙膨胀理论。 (15)Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 译文:虽然宇宙膨胀理论听起来古怪，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的观点在科学上看 来可信的结论。而且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直相信这一结论是正确的。 1999年英译汉试题 (16) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 译文:几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代历史学家的实践最趋向于认同这样 一个定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。 (17) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. 译文1:人们对历史研究方法产生兴趣，这与其说是因为外界对历史作为一门知识学科的有 效性提出了挑战，还不与说历史学家内部发生了争吵。 译文2:人们之所以对历史研究的方法产生兴趣，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是 因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。 (18)During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. 译文:在这种转变中，那些在历史研究中用来解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方 法。 (19) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 译文:方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域所使用的 研究手段，人们对此意见不一。 (20) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 译文:这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部 人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。 2000年英译汉试题 (21) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 译文:在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而也需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学 家等领域专家的协助。 (22)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 译文:再者/更进一步来说，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切 相关，而反过来效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。 (23)Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. 译文:由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗 和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。 (24) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. 译文:在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构 变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10 年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的 工业化进程。 (25)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 译文:由于人口猛增或大量人口流动---现代交通工具使这样的大量人口流动变得相对容易 ---所引起的各种问题也同样造成新的社会压力。 2001年英译汉试题 (26) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 译文:届时，将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。一旦这些汽 车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停止行驶。 (27) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived. 译文:儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工业伙伴 而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。 (28)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 译文:皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列 出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。 (29) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.” 译文:但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第 一步，最终会使人们在下世纪之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。” (30)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage. 译文:家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病—— 厨房狂躁症。 2002年英译汉试题 (31) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 译文:难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去 寻找行为的根源。 (32)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. 译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的， 部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。 (33)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 译文:自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为 时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。 (34)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 译文:自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负 责并因其业绩而被给予肯定的必不可少的前提。 (35) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 译文:(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的 唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。 2003年英译汉试题 (36)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 译文:而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他生命形态服从人类自己独 特的想法和想象。 (37)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 译文:社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、 有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。 (38)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. 译文:强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一 研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。 (39)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” 译文:泰勒把文化定义为“„„一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰、艺术、 道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯。” (40)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 译文:因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它 使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。 2004年英译汉试题 (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译文:希腊人认为语言的结构和思维过程有某种联系，这种观点早在人们意识到语言的千差 万别之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。 (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. 译文:我们得感谢他们(两位先驱)，因为在此之后，这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复 存在了，这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. 译文:这些新近被描绘的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲及东南亚地区的语言之间的区别往 往如此显著，以至于有学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔编造了材料。 (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought ma society. 译文:沃尔夫对语言和思维的关系很感兴趣，因此他逐渐形成了这样的观点:一个社会中语 言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. 译文:沃尔夫逐渐相信某种语言决定论观点，其极端的说法是，语言禁锢思想，语言的语法 结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 2005年英译汉试题 (46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. 译文:电视是引发并传达这些情绪的方式之一，在加强不同民族和国家间的联系方面，或许 它从未像在近来欧洲事务中那样起过如此大的作用。 (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 译文:同其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团蒸蒸日上，这些集团把相互联系的电视、广播、报 纸、杂志及出版社等媒体联合到一起。 (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. 译文:仅此就足以 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明，在电视行业里生存并不容易，统计数字更印证了这个事实:1989 年，在80家欧洲电视网中，一半以上出现亏损。 (49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice 译文:不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的 “欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。 (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” 译文:要应付如此规模的挑战，可以毫不夸张地说，“团结擎天散如沙”。 2006年英译汉试题 (51) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. 译文:我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快 乐的人。 (52) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 译文:他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任:用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决 定的推理过程。 (53) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 译文:我之所以将他(普通科学家)排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德 问题，但他承担的人物只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。 (54) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 译文:但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注 于探索行业规范一样。 (55) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. 译文:他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要 进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。 2007年英译汉试题 (56) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. 译文:长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者 的知识素养的必要组成部分。 (57) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 译文:另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新 闻时的做法是相同的。 (58) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 译文:新闻记者应该比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业 已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。 (59) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. 译文:事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任 政治新闻的报道工作。 (60) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. 译文:尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的 理解自行做出判断。 2008年英译汉试题 (61) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. 译文:他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过 长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成为他的优点。 (62) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 译文:他坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方 面根本不可能有大的作为。 (63) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 译文:另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法也是 缺乏根据的。 (64) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.” 译文:他又自谦地说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细观察方面优 于常人”。 (65) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 译文:达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力， 更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。 2009年英译汉试题 (66) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. 译文:虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生(经验)方 面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。 (67) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 译文:人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导 性因素的过程则更为缓慢。 (68) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 译文:虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而 在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。 (69) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 译文:由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁 要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。 (70) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. 译文:这就使得我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育 形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。 2010年英译汉试题 (71)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. 译文:科学家们急忙介入，但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫 的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。 (72)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 译文:但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。 (73)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species. 译文:有证据表明:这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食“没有价 值”的物种。曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。 (74)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason. 译文:在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成 员，并得到相应的保护。 (75)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning 译文:这种保护体系往往忽视陆地群落中诸多缺乏商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物 种，而最终导致它们的灭绝。