高中英语教案

高中英语教案 Book 5 Period 1 Warming Up , Reading 同步精讲 1. Who put forward a theory about black holes? Put forward 提出(意见、建议、 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 等) She put forward a better plan. Put forward vt / come up vi (with) I have to come up with new ideas to thing about what to write about. Put forward 还有推荐;提名;将表拔快等产。 Can I put him / his name forward golf club secretary? It‟s an explanation often put forward by our friend. Expansion: Put in打断;插嘴; Put off推迟 Put on 穿上 Put away 放好 Put down写下 Put on weight增重 Put out 扑灭 Put up举起 Put back放回 Put up with忍受 2. draw a conclusion = arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion 得出结论 All the evidence supported the conclusion that he was guilty. In conclusion总之 Jump to conclusion 匆忙下结论 Conclude vt / vi 作结论 Conclusive adj.毫无疑问的 The police concluded that it was the human error that resulted in the accident. His theories proved to be conclusive. 3.John snow was a famous doctor in London , so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 1) expert n adj. 1 Become expert at (doing ) sth.成为某方面的能手 Be expert in / at doing sth. 在某方面很熟练 He became an expert language teacher. She is an expert in / at / on training animals. George taught himself computer science. Soon he became expert at fixing computers. 2) attend vt. = take care of followed by on / upon John had attended on her sick mother for many years. The Queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. Expansion: Attend : take part in Attend a meeting / school / a lecture/ a class / the wedding / a ceremony Attend to : deal with; pay attention to; devote... to... ; look after Excuse me, but I have an urgent matter to attend to. You must attend to your work. 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1) exposed to cholera used as attribute. 2) expose vt. 使暴露;使遭受;使曝光 Expose sth. / sb. / oneself to sth. Be exposed to 暴露于 Don‟t expose your skin to direct sunlight. The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain. You are exposing your little son to possible dangers by letting him play in the street. The newspaper exposed the officer as a spy. 5. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. Cure n. 治愈 Aspirin is a wonderful cure for colds. There is not cure for the cancer. Expansion: Cure vt. 治愈;治疗 Pattern: cure sb. of sth. The doctor cured him of cancer. What can‟t be cured must be endured. 6. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. Every time there was an outbreak This is an adverbial time clause. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us. I will think of it every time I listen to music. Expansion: Each time / the moment / the minute / the last time / the first time/ anytime / immediately has the same usage. The moment he reached the country, he started his research. The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous. You are welcome to come back any time you want to. You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes. 2 7. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 1)Suggest vt. Suggest in the first sentence mean “hint”; in the second sentence means „ put forward suggestions”. In the second sentence, subjunctive mood should be used. Her expression suggested that she was angry. She suggested that the plan ( should) not be put into practice right away. 2) absorb vt. To attract. Be absorbed in = put one‟s heart into Absorb...from...从。。。。。。中吸收 Absorb in 使全神贯注 Absorb into 吞并 Plants can absorb nutrition from soil. In fact I haven‟t had time to absorb what she said. She lay in bed reading for hours, absorbed in her book. 8. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. Suspect vt. 怀疑，认为 Suspect that...以为。。。。。。 Suspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事 Suspect sb. to be 猜想某人是 I suspect = I think What makes you suspect her of having stolen the money? The police suspected him to be the murderer. I suspected that she‟s trying to hide her true feelings. 9. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigation. Foresee vt. Who can foresee the popular color next quarter? We foresaw at a report last year that oil prices would rise steeply this year. 10. It seemed that the water was to blame. Blame vt. = to scold Be to blame ( passive voice) You are to blame. Who is to blame for the failure? Expansion: Blame sb. for sth. / doing sth. Blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. On sb. 把。。。。。。扫咎于某人 He blamed me for carelessness. I don‟t blame you for doing that. Do you blame him for the accident? = Do you blame the accident on him? 11. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. Link...to... = connect ... to 3 Be linked to The bridge will link the island to the mainland. Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 12. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Have sth. Done 叫别人做某事 I will have clothes washed. I will have my bike repaired. Expansion: 1) have sb. do sth. 2) Have sb. / sth doing sth. 3) Have sth. Done The soldier had him stand attention. The two men had their lights burning all night long. He had his leg broken in the accident. 13. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. Announce vt. = declare Announce sth. to sb. The result will be announced in a few days. She was planning to announce her engagement to her boyfriend. 14. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Instruct vt. = order; educate Instruct sb. to do sth. Instruct sb. in sth. She instructs us in English. He was instructed to sail for London. I have been instructed when to start. 作业:课后练习p 7 Period 2 Learning about Language 同步精讲 过去分词作表语和定语 过去分词的构成与特征 过去分词(The past participle)的形式有规则和不规则之分。规则的过去分词由 “动 词原形+ ed”构成，不规则的动词的过去分词形式要慢慢记忆。 过去分词也有双重性，具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，又有形容词和副词的 特征，可以充当表语、补足语、定语和状语。过去分词表示已完成的动作和被动的含义。过 去分词在句中作某一成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词表示动作的承受者。 4 过去分词作表语的基本用法 1. The final examination is finished. 2. The smoke is gone. 3. When the singer came in, the guests were all seated. 4. He was lost in thought. 5. Tim was hidden in the grass while his father was looking for him. 归纳: 作表语的过去分词大多已转化为形容词，用来表示主语的状态。常见的这类过去分词 有:disappointed, astonished, excited, interested, satisfied, surprised, frightened, amazed, puzzled, shocked, worried, terrified, gone, lost, hidden等。 1. The ground is covered with snow. This point hasn‟t been covered yet. 2. The cup is broken. The cup was broken by Tom. 3. We were amused to learn that he had made a foolish mistake. We were amused by his story and burst into laughing. 归纳: 上述三组句子的第一句是过去分词作表语，表示主语的特征或存在的状态，第二句都是 被动语态，表示一个具体的动作。 1. The boy became interested in science. 2. We all got excited when we heard the news that Jack had won. 归纳: 过去分词作表语时，系动词除了be 外，还可以用become, get, turn, grow 等连系动词， 而被动语态则无此用法。 Exciting / excited astonishing / astonished delighting / delighted disappointing / disappointed encouraging / encouraged frightening / frightened interesting / interested moving / moved pleasing / pleased shocking / shocked tiring / tired worrying / worried satisfying / satisfied 归纳: 注意分词形容词的用法和区别。由ing 结尾的形容词通常表示修饰事物;ed结尾的形容词 用来修饰人。 过去分词作定语的基本用法: 1. Polluted air and water are harmful to people‟s health. 2. This is one of the houses built last year. = This is one of the housed which were built last year. 3. Do you have anything unfinished? 归纳: 过去分词定语有两种形式，前置定语和后置定语。前置定语相当于一个词，后置定语相当 于一个定语从句。 1. He stared at the robot with an interested look. 2. He expressed his regret in a disappointed voice. 归纳:过去分词有时也用来修饰look, expression, eyes, voice等名词，因为这些词往 往就是情感的体现。 5 作业: 课堂反馈 Period 3 Using Language 同步精讲 1. positive adj. 积极的;肯定的;绝对的 School was a totally positive experience for me. We‟d met before, I was positive about that. Expansion: Positive help积极的援助 Positive answer肯定的回答 Positive criticism 肯定的评论 2. be strict with sb. 对某人严格 Our teacher is strict with us, so we have to do as she tells us. Be strict in sth. 对某事严格 She is very strict in her work. 3. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion, that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Analyze the sentence. Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat. = Cold as it was, he went out without an overcoat. 2)ignore vt. 忽视，不管，置之不理 Ether he didn‟t see me, wave or he ignored me. Expansion: Ignorant adj.无知的， Ignorance n.无知 Be ignorant of 不让某人知道 3)lead to= result in 导致 Hard work led to his success in the end. In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results. All roads lead to Rome. Expansion: Object to反对 Be addicted to 对。。。。。。入迷 Get down to 开始做某事 Be devoted to 致力于 Be used to 习惯于 Get accustomed to习惯于 Be exposed to暴露于 6 Refer to提到 Contribute to有助于 Look forward to盼望 Have access to 进入 Attend to 照料 Turn to 向某人求助 Add to 增加 4.Only if you put the sun there did movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 1) make sense说得通;能理解 Your explanation doesn‟t make sense. It makes sense to take care of your health. Expansion: Make sense of sth.理解某事， 2)only倒装句 Only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、 情态动词或be动词放在主语之前。 Only in the way can our honor be saved. Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only when the war was over was he able to go back. Expansion: 英语中下列情况也常用部分倒装: 当否定副词(never, nor, no, not, hardly, little, seldom) 以及含no, not 等否定 词的短语( no sooner... than..., hardly / scarcely... when..., not only... but also..., not until...等)放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 Little do people realize how much money it costs to bring up a child. Not a single mistake did he make. Seldom do I go to that place. Only if 和 if only Only if 只有，只要 Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room. If only如果。。。。。。就好了，但愿 If only he had come here yesterday. 5.His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. 1)enthusiastic adj. 充满热情的，感兴趣的 Be enthusiastic about sth.对某事热情 Enthusiastically adv. Enthusiasm n. 2)cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的 Be cautious about doing sth.谨防做某事 Be cautious of sb. / sth. 谨防某人、 某事 He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle. The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistake in spelling than ever 7 before. The bank is very cautious about lending money. Expansion: Caution n. Cautiously adv. 6.The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would he attacked. Reject vt = refuse , not accept拒绝，不接受 He rejected their invitation point-blank. 丢弃;抛弃 Choose the good applied and reject the bad ones. Reject 和 refuse Reject 用于正式场合 He rejected their offer of a job. I refused to answer that question. I must refuse you your requests. 作业:课后反馈 Period 4 Writing 如何进行人物描写 词汇积聚 1.描写人物外表的常用词语 Beautiful / handsome / cool/ lively / lovely / strong / tall / short / pretty Good-looking / funny-looking / ugly-looking / ordinary- looking / a round / long face / about one meter tall / a girl with bright eyes / near- sighted / white- haired 2.描述人物品质、 性格的词汇 Shy / helpful / friendly / kind / quiet / silent / patient / humorous / careful energetic/ out-going / brave / honest / warm-hearted / optimistic / kind-hearted naughty / smart / wise / bright / clever/ diligent / lazy / healthy / funny / attractive / talkative 3.描写人物心情的词汇 Sad / happy / excited / pleased / satisfied / angry / worried / disappointed / terrified / anxious / curious / eager / upset 文体 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 人物传记描写属于记叙文范畴。记叙文是以记叙人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主的一 种文体。是高考作文中常见的文体。写好记叙文要注意以下几点: 1. 写明要素，即人物，时间，地点，事件。 2. 记叙文的方法可以用顺序、倒叙、插叙。 3. 记叙文一般叙述过去发生的事，通常用一般过去时。 4. 常见结构:主题句,发展句,结论句 8 佳句: She was born in Poland on Nov.7, 1985. Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. Born of a poor clerk‟s family, Charles Dickens had little schooling. He is not very strong but healthy and full of energy. He is easy to get along with. He is not only tall but also strong. His dream is to be a doctor. His favorite subjects were math and science, but he was a she person and did not enjoy school very much. In order to ear enough money to continue his studies, Einstein worked first as a teacher and then worked in a government office. Such is my friend, a clever and kind boy who is highly praised by the teachers and students. 佳作欣赏 Born into a wealthy family on December 11, 1911, Zhejiang Province, Qian Xuesen was so clever that he was regarded as a “super talented” boy in his childhood. Having graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1934, he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his further study and a year later the California Institute of Technology and gained his doctor‟s degree in the Science of Astronomy. Since he returned to China, he has devoted all his life to the Chinese missile program, taking part in the design and research of rockets and missiles as well as opening a new era of China‟s Astronomy industry. It‟s for his outstanding achievements that Qian Xuesen is honored as the “Father of China‟s Astronomy” and the “King of Rockets”. Qian Xuesen, a pioneer of China‟s Astronomy industry, passed away in November, 2009 in Berjing. Unit 2 The United Kingdom Teaching aims and demands Words: Unite, kingdom, consist, province, clarity, accomplish, conflict, unwilling. union, credit, currency, instruction, convenience, rough, roughly, nationwide, attract, architecture, collection, administration, port, countryside, description, furnished, fax, possibility, plus, quarrel, alike, arrange, wedding, fold, sightseeing, delight, royal, uniform, splendid, statue, communism, thrill, pot, error, tense, consistent Phrases: Consist of, divide...into..., break away (from ), to one‟s credit, leave out, take 9 the place of, break down Grammar: The Past Participle as the Object Complement EG: You find most of the population settled in the south... ... he hand them killed while they were asleep. Period 1 warming UP , Reading 同步精讲 1. How many countries does the UK consist of? Consist of :be made up of 由。。。。。。组成，由。。。。。。构成 Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen = Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. The committee consists of ten members. It‟s a simple dish to prepare, consisting of rice and vegetables. Consist in 在于， 取决于 Consist with 一致， 符合 His work consisted of explaining the objects of the organization to the workers. His action doesn‟t consist with his words. 2. England can be divided into three main areas. Divide vt. 分开， 分成 Divide ... into ...把。。。。。。分成。。。。。。 Divide sth. in half / into halves 把。。。。。。分成两半 The teacher divided our class into four groups. We divided the orange into segments. Divide 与 separate 的区别: Divide将整体分开，把原来连在一起的或靠近的人或物分离。 Divide among / between 在。。。。。。之间分配 Divide by 用。。。。。。除 Divide up 分开，划分 Separate from He divides his time between working and looking after the children. England is separated from France by the English Channel. 3. You can clarify this question if you study British history. Clarify vt. 阐明，讲清楚 Clarify one‟s stand 阐明某人的立场 The teacher‟s explanation clarified the puzzling problem. The report aims to clarify how these conclusions were reached. Clarification n. clarified adj. 4. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. 1)accomplish vt. = complete, realize They didn‟t accomplish the purpose desired. They have accomplished their mission successfully. 10 Accomplishment n. The first walk on the moon was quite an accomplishment. Accomplish, complete 与finish的区别: Accomplish task / aim / journey / voyage Complete 比accomplish 更具体，可接建筑、工程等，指通过努力完成。 Finish 不及complete 正式。 The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. The building will be completed by the end of this month. I have finished the book. 2)conflict n. 冲突， 相左 In conflict with 发生争执 How do you resolve conflict on a project team? Science is in conflict with superstition. They have come into conflict, sometimes violently. v.(with ) If so, your points of view are bound to conflict with his. My interests conflict with yours. 5. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. Break away (from)脱离 The thief broke away from the policeman. He broke away from all his old friends. You must break away from such habits. Expansion: Break out爆发 Break down 失败;(身体、精神)垮掉 Break in 打断 Break into破门而入 Break off 折断 Break through突破 Break up 放假 6. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas( eg, the currency and international relation ), but they still have very different institutions. Does, do和 did 用来加强语气。 I do hope you will stay for dinner. I do think she has behaved badly. Do be careful. He found it quite natural that she should save him , she did save him. 7. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. Convenience n.,U,方便，省事 For convenience 为了方便 I keep my reference book near my desk for convenience. Please send me an answer at your convenience. ,c,It is a great convenience to have you live next door to us. 11 Expansion: Convenient adj. Inconvenient adj. Inconvenience n. Be convenient for sb. to do sth. Be convenient to sb. If it is convenient to you, please come at 4 o‟clock. When would it be convenient for you to go? 8. It is a pity the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. Analyze the sentence. 1) attract vt.= absorb. 吸引，引起 Attract sb. to do sth. Attract one‟s interest / attention Be attracted to 喜爱 The flower show attracted large crowds this year. The report has attracted the media‟s attention. I‟m not usually attracted to blond men. Attractive adj. Attraction n. 9. Which country is left out? Leave out 排除，遗漏 You‟ve left out the most important word in the sentence. Don‟t leave me out when you‟re going out the invitation. Expansion: Leave for动身去。。。。。。 Leave alone 丢下。。。。。。不管 Leave behind 忘记携带，遗留 Leave aside不考虑，忽视 作业:词汇通关 p 25和课后反馈 p 26 Period 2 Learning about Language 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语的基本作法: 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，它含有完成和被动两大概念。作宾语补足语的过去分词一般为及物动词，其前面的宾语为它的逻辑主语，两者构成被动关系。 12 1) He didn‟t notice his wallet stolen. 2) The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 3) She was very glad to see her daughter well looked after. 4) I have never heard the song sung in German. 5) I observed all the rooms broken into. 6) I felt my face lost before my friends. Feel, find, hear, notice, see, watch, observe等表示感觉和心理活动的动词后接过去 分词作宾语补足语时，表示“感受到某人或某物被。。。。。。”。 1) Being sick with fever, she left the food untouched. 2) We should keep them informed of what is going on here. 3) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn‟t make himself heard. Make, keep, leave等动词作宾语补足语时，表示“致使某人或某物被。。。。。。”。 1) I want to have my hair cut. 2) They are going to have the entrance hall painted white. 3) While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into. 4) In that year he had two thousand pounds saved. 5) Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist‟s. Have是表示“致使”意义的使役动词。“have+宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构有三层含义: 1)“请/让别人去做某事” 2)“遭遇到某种不幸的事” 3)“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成， 也可以是自己参与完成。 Have sth. done = get sth. done 1) The students wouldn‟t like the problem (t0 be ) discussed at the moment. 2) The manager ordered the work ( to be ) finished at the end of this week. 3) I wish these letters (to be ) typed as soon as possible. Like, order, want, wish, expect等动词后过去分词接宾语补足语时，相当于过去分词省 略了to be， 表示“希望、期待某人或某事被。。。。。。” 1) With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building, her house looks like a beautiful garden. 2) With the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday. 3) The boy went to play computer games without his homework done. 在“with / without+名词/ 代词+过去分词”的复合宾语的结构中，过去分词表示被动意义， 宾语和过去分词在逻辑上主动宾关系。 1) she found her bag stolen when she woke up. Her bag was found stolen when she woke up. 2) She saw her coat hung behind the door. Her coat was seen hung behind the door. 过去分词作宾主补足语的句子变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，说明主语所处 的状态。 1) I saw her c0oming into the classroom. 2) I saw her taken out of the classroom. 一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，所表示的动作既完成又 被动，现在分词则是主谓关系，所表示的动作是正在进行的。 13 作业:课堂反馈 p22 Period 3 Using Language 同步精讲 1. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. 1) analyze the sentence 2) make a list of 列。。。。。。的清单 Tomorrow is New Year‟s Day. Yesterday my mother made a list of things she wanted to buy in the supermarket. Expansion : A shopping list Is your name on the list? We were asked to list our ten favorite songs? 2. Her first delight was going to the Tower. 1)analyze the sentence 2) delight n. 乐事 It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy. To one‟s delight使某人高兴的是 With delight 高兴地 Delight v. = please Be/ feel/ delighted at/ with / by...因。。。。。。高兴 Delight in doing sth. 以。。。。。。为乐 She delights in cooking lovely meals. I was delighted to be invited to her party. 3. Although the building had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combinded. Royal adj. 皇家的，国王的，女王的 They gave us a right royal welcome. Royal n. 王室成员 The papers are full of stories about the royals. 4. It looked splendid when first built! 1) analyze the sentence 2)splendid adj.壮丽的，辉煌的，优秀的 The king was wearing a splendid crown. My kid sister has a splendid memory. 5. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museums. 1)analyze the sentence 2)thrill v.使激动，吓得毛骨悚然 He was thrilled by he conversation. She was thrilled with terror when she saw the scene of the murder. 14 Expansion: Thrill vi. (at / to )激动 I thrilled at the invitation. Thrill n. A thrill of joy / horror一阵欢乐、 一阵恐怖 Thrilled adj. thrilling adj. thriller n.惊险小说，恐怖电影 6. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country. On show 在展出，在上映 These are the most interesting books on show. I‟d like to see the films that are just on show. 7. Swap with your partner and check for any error. Error n. 错误，过失，谬误 This is an error among children. Error， mistake和 fault The accident was caused by human error. One who never make mistakes never made anything. Laziness is his only fault. 作业:词汇通关与课堂反馈 p33 Period 4 Writing 写作指南 如何写旅游景点介绍 词汇聚焦 location: lie in, be located in位于 size: cover an area of, with an area of ... 占。。。。。。面积 population: have a population of 有。。。。。。 人口 land: mountains， rivers, stream, green hills, clear water weather: clear, dull, dump, fresh, frightful, frosty, grey, icy, pleasant, heavy, mild, indistinctly, roaring, rosy, stormy, wild, twinkling, unique, shining, awful. Scenery: blooming in the valley, flowing water, beautiful colors, the ray of spring light, splendor of the moon, the floating clouds, radiant sunlight, fairyland, feathery, gentle, abundant, bright, charming, glaring, constant / continuous, pink, golden, glorious, bald, desolate, mountainous, attractive, folded, flat, frozen, grand, narrow, poor, remote, rocky, rolling, rugged, steep, vast, winding, wooded Natural resource: be rich in Place of interest: be famous / known as , be famous / known for 15 分析文体: 旅游景点介绍属于说明文。说明文是用来说明事物的形状、性质、构造、原理及作 用，使人们对这一事物形成清晰的、完整的了解和认识的一种文体。说明文往 往对客观事物或事理的一种介绍和解释，一般不随时间和空间的变化而变化， 内容要有较高的科学性，一般用客观性词语表达，多用一般现在时，有时为强 调客观性，说明文也常常用被动语态。 组织结构 :介绍旅游景点时，一般要遵循的原则是:从总体到局部，从外到内，要对旅 游地的位置、历史和景点等进行简要的介绍，也可介绍别人对旅游地和景点的 评价。 1. 首段:整体介绍旅游地，也可以包括基本地理信息、历史人文特色。 2. 主体段落:具体介绍地方特色，也可以从风景、人文等方面入手，突出特色，把握 重点。 3. 结尾段:对全文归纳，可适当强调景点值得一看，并欢迎游客参观。 佳句必备: 用在首段的句子: 1. Mount Lushan stands on the south bank of the Changjiang River and the north bank of the Poyang Lake. 2. The Great Wall runs across North China like a huge dragon. 3. Have you ever been to the Yellow Mountain? The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China. It lies in the south of Anhui. Every year thousands of the Chinese and foreigners visit there. It‟s not far from here. It takes you about three hours to get there by bus. You can also go there by train or by plane. 4. Taiwan, famous as the “Island with Treasures”, grows rice, sugarcane, tea, different kinds of fruits and fishes. 用在主体段落的句子: 1. The clear and boundless sky is as blue as the calm sea. 2. The sun is shining brightly. 3. The sunset dyed the sky red. 4. The sky was covered with rosy clouds. 5. A cool breeze blew, and the leaves rustled. 6. At first a strange light blue appeared in the east of the sky. Then this light blue changed into red rosy dawn, as beautiful as a fairy in red silk. 7. Spring returns to the earth and everything looks very fresh. 8. The spring breeze brings warmth, and flowers compete in splendor. 9. In the early spring the scenery is very beautiful. 10. Buds on the trees are a sign of spring. 11. On the river banks are lines of willow and peach trees with red blossoms and green leaves. 12. The beautiful flower swayed in the breeze. 13. In autumn, the weather is cool and dry, and the sky is higher and bluer. 14. After a heavy snow, the trees and flowers in the park were covered with snow as if they were made of jawed. 15. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers. 16 16. While you are climbing the mountains, you can enjoy the sea of clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks around you. In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful. 17. Any visitors to Xi‟an cannot refuse the attraction of hundreds of local snakes, of which the “shredded pancake in mutton broth” stands out. 18. The public transport is convenient for visitors to reach any of their destinations, where they will surely find their desired relaxation. 用在结尾的句子: 1. I am sure you can really enjoy every day at this beautiful place. 2. Great changes have taken place in Qingdao in the recent years, which has played an important role in the development of the foreign trade of our country. 佳作欣赏: Windsor Castle, which is in the Windsor town 32 kilometers west of London, is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. The castle is close to the south bank of the River Thames. Windsor castle is said to have been built in 1066, but it has been expanded and mended constantly to become what it is today: So far the castle has remained a holiday and working palace for the royal members. The castle is so splendid that it is beyond my power to describe it. If you have a chance to go and see it with your own eyes, you will be deeply attracted, I dare say. Unit 3 Life in the future Teaching aims and demands: Words and expressions: Aspect, constant, impression, constantly, jet, previous, uncertain, guide, tablet, capsule, steward, stewardess, opening, sideways, surroundings, tolerate, lack, adjustment, mask, carriage, press, fasten, belt, flash, switch, timetable, optimistic, mud, desert, citizen, typist, typewriter, postage, postcode, button, instant, receiver, dustbin, ecology, greedy, swallow, material, recycle, goods, representative, settlement, motivation Take up, be back on one’s feet, safety, lose sight of, sweep up, slide into, speed up Grammar: The past participle as the Adverbial and Attribute Eg: There is nothing planned on the timetable today. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company, called “Future Tours”, ... Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Hit by Jack of fresh air, my head ached. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 17 Period 1 Warming Up , Reading 同步精讲 1. First impression. Impression n.印象，感觉，印记，痕迹 The book left a good impression on him. She made a deep impression on his mother. First impressions are most lasting. Expansion: Make / leave / have an impression on sb.给某人留下。。。。。。印象 Make no impression on sb.对某人不起作用 Be under the impression that...认识，觉得 Her speech made a deep impression on the audience. What I said made practically no impression on him. 2. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. 1)analyze the sentence 2)take up 接受，继续 When does the new manager take up his job? Sorry, I have taken up your too much time. He wants to take up photography as his career. Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? Expansion: Take apart拆开 Take in 吸收 Take back收回 Take away带走 Take after像 Take off l脱下 Take on 呈现 Take over接管 Take pride in 以。。。。。。为荣 Take one‟s chance碰运气 Take trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事 Take pity on sb.怜悯某人 Take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 3. This is similar to the “jet bag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous period. 1)analyze the sentence 2)similar adj. 相似的，类似的，近似的 Be similar to 与。。。。。。相似 3)previous adj. 早先的，在前的 18 Precious to在。。。。。。之前， 先于 It seems that I can‟t get to sleep. A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects. He was there the previous day. Precious to coming here, she studied in Beijing. 4. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. 1)analyze the sentence 2)guide n.向导，导游，指导者;指南，手册 What is the guide fee for a day? I sound like a guide book. Do you have a guide to North American Birds? Expansion: Guide vt. 带领，引导 指引 He guided the man through the streets to the railway station. He guided the company through the difficulties. 5. At first my surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 1)surroundings= environment Animals in the zoos are not in their natural surroundings. An unhappy home environment can affect a child. 2)tolerate vt.= stand = put up with = bear Our teacher won‟t tolerate any cheating on exams. We tolerate all opinions here. I can‟t tolerate his rudeness. 6. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Lack vt. Vi. 缺乏，短缺 She is good at her job but sometimes she seems to lack confidence. He did not enter university because of lack of money. As he is very rich, he lacks for nothing. Expansion: Lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的 Be lacking in...在。。。。。。不足 7. I felt better in no time. In no time = at once= right away. They will be back in no time. All the time一直 At a time每次 At all times随时 At one time从前 At times有时 Behind the time过时 For a time 暂且 For the time being暂且 From time to time偶尔 19 In one‟s time在某人的一生中 No time to lose刻不容缓 On time 按时 Time after time 屡次 8. Soon u was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. 1) driven by computer过去分词作定语 2) be back on one’s feet 恢复，完全复原 Be on one‟s feet 站着 To work in the shop, you have to be on your feet all day. Expansion: On foot步行 At the foot of在。。。脚下 Get / rise to one‟s feet站起身来 Have two left feet笨手笨脚 Have / keep both feet on the ground 脚踏实地 9. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in you seat, you can move swiftly. Press vt. 压，按， 扣 Press the juice out of the orange 搾出橘子汁 Press sb. for a debt催促某人还债 Press sb. against sth.使某人对某物加压 Press sth. into sth. 将某物压入 Press sb. to do sth.逼迫某人做某事 Press sth. on / up sb.逼迫某人接受某物 Press n.新闻业，出版社，印刷机。 10. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Fasten vt. 系牢 He fastened his coat and went out. Make sure all the windows are securely fastened before you leave. Fasten和 tie 前者指扎紧，扣牢，使之不能分开; 后者通常指用绳子，带子等把事物 系上，被系的东西还可以分开。 Please fasten your safety belt. He tied the horse to a tree. 11. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. 1)lose sight of 看不见 The place was so crowded, we soon lost sight of him. 2)direction 方向 We went in the direction of the zoo. Expansion: At first sight / glance看一眼 At the sight of一看到 Catch sight of 看到 20 In sight 看见 Out of sight看不见 12.He was swept up into the centre of them. Sweep up 横扫，掠过 The worker sweeps up the rubbish every day. Mr. White swept the child up and rushed out. 13. Arriving at a strange looking home, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. 1)analyze the sentence现在分词作状语 Hearing the news, she jumped with joy. Having worked in the city for ten years, he knows it very well. 2) a large, bright clean room一个明亮而洁净的房间 当多个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系越近的越靠近名词;若几个形容词密 切程度差不多，则音节少的在前面，音节多的在后面。 A small wonderful gift. 14. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. Switch n.开关 The light switch is on your left. Switch n. 突然转变 They have made a switch in their plan. Switch v. 转换，改变，转变。 Switch to 转换到 Switch from... to...由。。。。。。转变为。。。。。。 He switched the conversation from the subject to a lighter subject. 作业:词汇通关和课堂反馈 p46. Period 2 Learning about Language 同步精讲 过去分词作状语的基本用法 观察1 过去分词有两大特点:一是表被动的概念，二是表已完成的动作。过去分词在 句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词还可以作什么成分呢,请仔细观察下列句子: 1) Heated, water changes into steam. 2) Given more time, we could do it much better. 3) Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 4) Beaten by the enemy, he still kept on fighting. 5) She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 6) The glass fell on to the ground, broken into pieces. 21 归纳 从以上句子中可以看出，过去分词还可作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随和结果 状语。 观察2 1) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. = When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 2) Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. = If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 3) Greatly touched by his teacher‟s words, the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates. = Because he was greatly touched by his teacher‟s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. = He was greatly touched by his teacher‟s words, so he did a lot of things to help his classmates. 4) Laughed at by the other students, she still tried to answer the question again. = Although she was laughed at by the other students, she still tried to answer the question again. =She was laughed at by the other students, but she still tried to answer the question again. 5) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students. = The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 归纳 1.过去分词作时间状语时，相当于when引导的时间状语从句。 2.过去分词短语作条件状语时，相当于if, unless引导的条件状语从句。 3.过去分词短语作原因状语时，相当于because, as, since引导的原因状语从句。 4.过去分词短语作让步状语时，相当于although, though 引导的让步状语从句。 5.过去分词短语作伴随，方式状语时，可以改成and 连接的并列句。 实践1 将观察1中的6个句子改成状语从句或并列句。 1. When water heated, it changes into steam. 2. If we are given more time, we could do it much better. 3. As he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital.= He was seriously injured, so he had to be taken to the hospital. 4. Although he was beaten by the enemy, he still kept on fighting.= He was beaten by the enemy, but he still kept on fighting. 5. She walked out of the house and she was followed by her little daughter. 6. The glass fell on to the ground, so that it was broken into pieces. 观察3 1) Don‟t do it unless asked.= Don‟t do it unless you are asked. 2) If caught cheating, the student would be punished.= If he (she) is caught cheating, the student would be punished. 3) Even if invited, I won‟t go.= Even if I am invited, I won‟t go. 归纳 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，常将从句中的主语和助动词be省去，只 保留从属连词和过去分词。常这样用的从属连词有:if , as, though, unless, until, when, 22 while, as if, once, whenever等。 实践2 将下列句子改写成从属连词后接过去分词(短语)作状语的结构。 1. When the boy was asked why he came here, he kept silent. When asked why he cane here, the boy kept silent. 2. Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten. Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 3. Though Dr. Black was caught in a traffic jam, he managed to get to work on time this morning. Though was caught in a traffic jam, Dr. Black managed to get to work on time this morning. 4. If you are trapped in a burning building, you should send for help in no time. If trapped in a burning building, you should send for help in no time. 5. Don‟t speak until you are spoken to. Don‟t speak until spoken to. 观察4 1) Deeply moved by the movie, the children began to cry. 2) Having been shown around the library, we were shown around the lab. 归纳 如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则可以使用过去分词(done)或现 在分词的完成被动式(having been done),二者都表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前，但侧 重点不同，过去分词作状语侧重的是语态上的被动，即不表示动作在时间上的先后;现在分 词完成被动式侧重的是时态上的完成，即强调动作在时间上的先后。 观察5 1) Seeing nobody at home, I had to leave. ( I 和see之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词。) 2) Seen from the hill, our school is more beautiful. (see 和our school之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。) 归纳 选用过去分词作状语时，首先要弄清句子主语和分词之间的逻辑关系，如果句 子的主语(分词的逻辑主语)与分词构成主动关系，则用现在分词作状语，表主动;如果句 子的主语(分词的逻辑主语)与分词构成被动关系，则用过去分词作状语，表被动。 作业:课堂反馈 P48 Period 3 Using Language 同步精讲 st1. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 century. st = There was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 century inside (the space situation). 注意:当句首是表示地点的介词短语或副词词组时，引起完全倒装，可以改成there be 句型。 Among them are many famous scientists. = There are many famous scientists among them. Expansion: 23 当句首为表示方位副词词组时，也可以完全倒装。 South of the river lies a small factory. = There lies a small factory to the south of the river. 2. You place the metal hand over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. Instant adj. 瞬间 In an instant = at once For an instant 一瞬间 The instant = as soon as She was told to clean the room in an instant. She caught his eye for an instant. I gave the book to him the instant I met him. Instant adj. = immediate 立刻的 His new book became an instant success. An instant death猝死 Instant coffee速溶咖啡 Instant noodles速面食 3.A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. Swallow vt.(up) 吞下，咽下，吞没 He swallowed up the medicine with water. The plane was swallowed up in the clouds. Swallow n. 一口， 吞咽， 燕子 Take a swallow of wine 喝一口酒 One swallow cannot make a summer.凡事不可以偏概全。 4.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. 1)analyze the sentence. 2)stare at 盯着，凝视 She stared at the photo, forgetting the time for meal. Don‟t stare out of the window and get the work started. Gaze，glare 和 stare Gaze指目不转睛地看(at, on, upon) For hours he sat gazing at / on / upon the stars. Glare怒视 They stood glaring at each other. Stare睁在眼睛看 The little girl stared at the stranger for a few minutes before answering his questions. 作业:词汇通关和课堂反馈 P51. Period 4 Writing 24 想象类作文写作指导 文体分析 想象类作文属于开放式作文。此类作文就是作者根据已有的经验和知识，借助想象的翅膀，超越生活实际构思出从未见过的图景。想象类作文没有内容要点的限制，只给出总体的写作要求，留给写作者很大的发展空间，没有 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 答案，只要能自圆其说就可以了。因此，在写作文时，要放宽自己的想象空间。新奇、丰富的想象会给作文带来美妙的色彩。当然新奇不等于离奇，只有一定现实生活依据的想象才能被大多数人所接受。 写作步骤 我们在写想象类作文时，在结构上可以把文章分为三段: 首段:引入所写主题，着重写该主题带来的巨大变化。 主体段落:描述这些变化带给人们的好处和不足。 结尾段:描写这些变化带来的作者的感受。 词句积累: 1.用来谈论猜测的常用句有: Is it possible to...? ... might... Possibly... It seems possible that... There is a possibility of ... We may expect... There is a chance I might... Perhaps I will... I could possibly... Perhaps I wonder... I guess I could say... Anything is possible. It‟s quite likely... I expect so. I think very possibly... I predict... They must have been... Is there any possibility of ...? There was not possibility of ... I dare say... I thought I wasn‟t likely ever to... I thought that kind of thing could not be true. It‟s possible but not probable that... 2.常用词汇有: Future, development, appreciate, compare, convenient, meaningful, prefer, practical, imaginary 短文欣赏 Life in the future 25 Nobody can imagine what will happen in the future, but one thing we can make sure is that life in the future will be better than today. Almost everything will be changed with the development of science and technology. In the medical field, doctors will use the advanced operation to cure any kind of cancers. At the same time, it is not necessary for patients to spend much money. As for the energy source, with the exploiting and suing of the new natural resources, human beings won‟t worry about the consumption of oil or other fuels. What‟s more, people can go to outer space for traveling or vacation by taking more convenient efficient vehicles. Of course, more and more robots will be produced for serving human being. They will be sent to each family to do kinds of housework or help people with many other things. Unit 4 Making the news Teaching aims and demands: Topic: The basic procedures of making the news; newspapers and TV programs Vocabulary: journalist, editor, photographer, delighted, admirable, unusual, assist, assistant, submit, profession, professional, colleague, concentrate, amateur, update, assess, inform, deadline, meanwhile, case, accuse, deliberately, skeptical, guilty, dilemma, demand, publish, section, technical, technically, thorough, gifted, housewife, crime, edition, department, accurate, senior polish, approve, process, appointment Concentrate on, depend on, accuse...of..., so as to do sth. ahead of Grammar: Inversion(倒装) 1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his assignment at the office of a popular Dnglish newspaper. 2. Not only am I interested in photography, but... 3. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 4. Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge. 5. Here comes my list of dos and don‟ts... Period 1 Working up , Reading 1. His discussion with his boss, Hu Xin , was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. Be to do sth. 表示不可能避免将要发生或命中注定的事情，是事态发展的结果或预期的 结果。 The experience was to change his life. To do it is to ruin yourself. 26 Be to 有三种含义: 1)表示按计划约定要做的事。 We are to meet at the gate after school. Mr. Wang is to take over the business from me next week. 2)表示“命令、义务、 职责 岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载项目部各岗位职责下载建筑公司岗位职责下载社工督导职责.docx ”等，可译为“应该、必须”。 You are to be fined for parking your car in a wrong place. No one is to leave the building without the police‟s permission. 3)表示可能性。 The magazine was not to be found. 2. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. 1)句中(that)you‟re coming to work with us.是宾语从句。 2)delighted adj.= happy, pleased Be delighted to do sth. Be delighted that clause Be delighted at / with sth. Be delighted with sb. I am delighted to see you. She was delighted that he had returned safely. I was delighted at the news. Mum was delighted with him, because he was tidy. Delighted 和delightful 前者修饰人，后者修饰事物。 3. You’ll have a photographer with you to take photographs. Photograph= photo Take a photograph of 给。。。。。。拍照 Get / have a photograph taken请人给自己拍照 Have a photograph taken with...和。。。。。合照 I took a photograph of my mother. I‟d like to have a photograph taken. Photography n.摄影photographer n.摄影师 4. You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested. 1)eager adj.= enthusiastic, warm-hearted He looked around the circle of eager faces. Eager adj.渴望的，急切的 Be eager for Be eager to do sth. Be eager that clause She is eager for success. Maggie was eager to visit me. The president is eager that the project (should)be started early. 2)assist vt. = help, aid帮助，援助，协助 We all assisted in mending the roof. We assisted him to set up a new company. 27 = We assisted him in setting up a new company. Assistant n. 助手，助理 assistance n.帮助，援助 3)concentrate vi(on, upon)= focus on 集中于。。。。。。， 全神贯注于。。。。。。 We should concentrate on / upon listening to the teacher. The students concentrated on the playground waiting for the start of the sports meet. Concentrate attention / efforts on / upon 5. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 1)本句是倒装句。 注意:only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装;only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在 句首时，句子要倒装。 2)acquire vt.获得，取得 The museum has just acquired a famous painting by Picasso. 6. We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. Have a good nose 对。。。。。。什么非常敏感 As a journalist she has always had a good nose for a good story. Expansion: Have an ear for sth.对。。。。。。非常灵敏 Have an eye for sth…对。。。。。有鉴别能力 Have a head for sth…有。。。。。。的才能 Have a taste for sth…爱好 7. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. Inform vt.通知，告知 Inform sb. that clause Inform sb. of / about doing sth. Inform sb. + 疑问词+不定式 He informed her that he was thinking of entering medical school. He informed us of / about his decision. Please inform me how to go to the nearest shop. 8. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 1)meanwhile acv.期间，同时 Mother went shopping, meanwhile, I cleared the house. In the meanwhile = in the meantime 2)depend on 依靠，信赖 Depend on / upopn sb./ sth. Depend on / upon sb. to do sth. Whether we will go to the park tomorrow depends on the weather. Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 9. Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 1)analyze the sentence where clause is an attribute one. Where = in which. 2)case 情况， 事实，实情 28 He thought he had already solved the situation, but that was not the case. In case 假使，倘若 In the case of 如果发生 In the case of 至于 In any case 无论如何 In no case 决不 In this / that case既然这样/那样 10. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. 1)deliberately adv.故意的，蓄意的 I believe the house was deliberately set fire to. 2)so as to = in order to 前者用在句中， 后者用在句首或句中皆可。 11. it was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. Demand vt 要求 其宾语从句用虚拟语气 The government has demanded your resignation. They demanded that the right us to vote be given to every adult man. 作业:词汇通关和课堂反馈 Period 2 Learning about Language Grammar:倒装的基本用法 主谓倒装 1.Never have I heard such a thing. 2.Only today did I learn this dreadful news. 3.Here are some letters for you. 部分倒装(Subject-operator Inversion) 当never, not, not only, hardly, rarely, few, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, by no means, in no time, in no way, no sooner等含有否定意义的词或短语放 在句首时，其后的主谓用部分倒装。 1. Little do I know about your life. 2. By no means will I agree to help you. Only放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，其后的主谓用部分倒装语序。 1. Only in this way can we master English well. 2. Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in. 3. only yesterday did he realize what had happened. So放在句首，表示前一种情况也适用另一个人或事物时;neither, nor 放在句首，表 示前面否定的内容也适用另一人或事物时。 1. He has been to Beijing. So have I. 2. She can‟t answer the question. Neither / Nor can If引导的虚拟语气条件从句中，时省略if，且从句中有should, had, were时，其主 谓部分用倒装语序。 29 1. Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. 2. Were I a student, I would study hard. 3. Should you change you mind, please let me know. So / such… that…句型中，so 和such所修饰的部分放在句首时，其后的主谓语用倒装语序。 1. So difficult a problem is it that I can‟t work it out. = Such a difficult a problem is it that I can‟t work it out. 2. It is so difficult problem that I can‟t work it out. = It is such a difficult problem that I can‟t work it out. 表示祝愿的句子: 1. May you have a happy birthday. 2. May you succeed. 完全倒装 (Subject-verb Inversion) There be 句型: 1. There will be a party here tonight. 2. There goes the bell. 表示方向、地点的副词或介词词组开头的句子: 1. Here comes the bus. 2. out went the children. 3. South of the city lies a big steal factory. 4. In front of the house was a small garden. 5. In he came. 在“表语+连系动词+主语”的结构中: 1. Present at the meeting were Professor While. 2. Gone are the days when the boy always failed the examination. 3. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 如果直接引语后注明引语是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时: “Let‟s go.” said the man. 作业:课堂反馈 Period 3 Using Language 同步精讲 1( We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. Ahead of …在。。。。。。前面 Ahead of time 提前 Ahead of schedule(比原计划时间)提前 Betty finished her test ahead of others. The building was completed ahead of time. Ahead of + in front of Ahead of us the road was narrow and muddy. 2. Hw would have to be accurate. 30 Accurate adj.准确的，精确的 The salesgirl is accurate at figures. The information was accurate. 3. The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department.] 1 )句中的who引导定语从句。 2)senior adj. 高级的 He is a senior member of the committee. 年长的(+介词to): Bob is two years senior to me. Junior to 比。。。。。。年轻 4. Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. Polish vt.使精炼;装饰 The speaker spent several days polishing her speech. Polish vt. 磨光，擦亮 He polished the windows with a piece of cloth. 5. Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. Approve vt.批准，认可 The city council has now approved the scheme for building of a new public library. Approve vt.赞成 I am afraid your parents won‟t approve of your going there. Approval n. Give one‟s approval to批准 Have one‟s approval得到某人的赞同 With / without approval of 经 / 未经。。。。。。的批准 6(All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. Process vt. 加工，处理，办理 The information is being processed. Process n 过程，进程 I will tell you, sooner or later, all the complicated processes. Process n 步骤，程序，工序，制作法 In process of 在。。。。。。的过程中 The care is in process of repair. 作业:词汇通关和课堂反馈 Period 4 Writing 如何写新闻报道 新闻是现代生活中必不可少的一道“快餐”。它主要是用来报道最近发生的事情或过去不 为人知的信息。新闻反映新发生的、重要和、在意义的、能引起人们广泛感兴趣的事实。新 闻内容包罗万象，可以是地方的，也可以是国家的或世界的。 文体分析:新闻报道是实用性较强的写作。叙、评、议相结合。它是对新近发生的事物 的报道。其特点是:1。客观事实(内容);2。新近发生的(时效性);3。新鲜的和大家关 31 注的(新闻价值);4。通过新闻工具和其他各种手段进行报道传播(传播媒介)。 一般来说，写好一篇新闻稿应该注意以下几个要素: 收集所需要的写作素材:并不是所有的事件都是新闻写作的对象。其主题是必须引起大家 的兴趣和注意。并具有一定的社会价值。新闻报道的结构一定要分为四个部分:标题、导语、 主体、结语。 明确文体特点:真实性、实效性、思想性和简明性是新闻的主要特点。 抓住写作要素:其写作要素包括五个W和一个H。即:when, where, who, why, what和 how。 锤炼新闻导语:标题具有语言风趣幽默的特点。有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 要充分。用事实来说话。语言力求简洁。 佳作欣赏: “Saving the Earth” conference “Saving the Earth” Conference, held in DaLian, came to a close last Saturday.The five-day conference was attended by more than two hundred experts, scientists and government officials from more than fifty countries. The subjects discussed at the meeting include: pollution, population and the protection of forests and wildlife. 80 papers were read. The main speakers spoke on different subjects. The conference urges the government of all countries to take necessary measures to get rid of pollution, to control population growth and to increase the average of tree-planting. It calls on the people of the world to take good care of the earth, making it a home forever which fits for us to live in. Unit 5 First Aid Teaching aims and demands: Topic: First aid safety in the home; medicine, medication Vocabulary: aid temporary, bleed, ankle, choke, cupboard, skin, organ, barrier, poison, ray, complex, variety, liquid, radiation, mild, pan stove, tissue, swell, swollen, scissors, unbearable, basin, squeeze, bandage, vital, symptom, little, pour, wrist, damp, sleeve, blouse, tight, tightly, firm, firmly, throat, ceremony, bravery, treat, apply, pressure, ambulance First aid, fail ill, electric shock, squeeze out, over and over again, in place, a number of, put one‟ hands on, make a difference Grammar: Ellipsis Burns are called first ,second or third degree burns… These affect both the top layer of the skin and the second layer of the skin. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 32 Period 1 Warming up , Reading 同步精讲 1. First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 1) analyze the sentence 2) aid n.帮助，援助 With the aid of sb. = with one‟s aid 在某人的帮助下 In aid of … 为了帮助。。。。。。 With the aid of a friend, I finally got two tickets for the music concert. I can‟t read this without the aid of a dictionary. Aid v. 帮助， 援助 Aid sb. to do sth. Aid sb. with / in sth.帮助某人做某事 A dictionary can aid us to learn English. = A dictionary can aid us in English learning. 3) temporary adj.临时的，暂时的 Kate got a temporary job. 4) fall ill 生病 The man fell ill on the train. 2. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poison and the sun’s harmful rays. Poison n. 毒药，毒害 He killed himself by taking poison. One man‟s meat is another man‟s poison. Poison vi. 毒害 My dog was poisoned to death yesterday. Poisonous adj. 有害的 3. You can get burned by a variety of things, hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation… A variety of 各种各样的，其后可跟可数名词或不可数名词。 A variety of +单数名词+单数谓语 A variety of +复数名词+复数谓语 Many varieties of +复数名词+复数谓语 He didn‟t attend the meeting for a variety of reasons. Many varieties of toys are sold in the markets. 4. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. Electric adj. 电的，导电的 An electric wire 电线 An electric light 电灯 An electric motor电动机 5. Examples include mild sunburns and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment. 1)analyze the sentence 33 2)mild adj.温柔的， I‟m the mildest man alive. 不强烈的，淡的 I smoke only mild cigars. 稳定的，暖和的 The weather is worm and mild in this part. 缓和的，适度的， 轻微的，宽大的 A mild medicine mild punishment 6. Removing clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 1)句中的unless 是连词，引导条件状语从句。 Unless = if… not She‟ll accept the offer if the salary is not too low. = She will accept the offer unless the salary is too low. Come tomorrow if I don‟t phone= Come tomorrow unless I phone. 2)stick to 粘。。。。。。之上; 坚持 He was dripping with sweat, his vest sticking to his body. He always sticks to his promises. 7. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. 1) analyze the sentence. 2) it is best to do sth. 最好做惹事 It is best thing twice before you take actions. It is +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. It is +adj. + (of sb. ) to sth. It is interesting for me to learn English. It is very kind of you to help me with my study. 8. Hold the bandage in place with tape. In place在适当的位置，其反义词out of place. She likes everything to be in place before she starts working. Don‟t take anything away, Father likes everything to be in place. Take place发生 Take the place of 代替 Take one‟s place就职 In place of 代替 In the first place首先 In the next place 其次 places of interest 名胜 Give place to 让位于 9. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If possible = if it is possible If possible, you could come to me. 10. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up. Sit up 使坐起来 I sit the baby up to feed her. Sit up 熬夜 34 I sat up late watching movie last night. 作业:词汇通关 和课堂反馈 Period 2 Learning about Language 同步精讲 省略(Ellipsis) 为了使语言简洁或避免重复～人们常常把一些词泔省略。尤其是在口语中。主要是省略句中一个词或几个句子成分。这样的句子称为省略句。 * 省略在句中的基本用法 1. ( I ) Beg your pardon. (You) Close the window. ( I ) Thank you very much. ( I ) See you later. 2. (It) Sounds like a good idea. (It) Doesn‟t matter. 3.(There is ) No smokeing. (Is there ) Anything else? (You come) This way, please. (Will you ) Have a smoke? 4. What (do you think ) about a cup of tea? Why ( do you ) not say hello to him? 归纳:为了使语言简洁～1、2句省力主语～3、4句省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。 1.A: Do you know Miss Gao? B: I don‟t know (her). A: Which of them id the better choice? B: Well, it‟s hard to tell (it). 2.A: Are you going there? B: I‟d like to (go there). A: Are you an engineer? B: No, but I want to be (an engineer). 3.A: He hasn‟t finished the task yet. B: Well, he ought to have (finished the task yet). 归纳:为了使语言简洁或避免重复～例1省略了宾语。例2是在一定的语境中～在动词 want, wish, hope,like, promise等之后可省力作宾语的不定式短语～只保留to。 如果该不定式短语中有be 和完成式have ～则必须在to之后加上be或have。 1.A: Are you thirsty? B: Yes, I am (thirsty). 2.His brother is not busy, nor is his sister (busy). 归纳:为了使语言简洁或避免重复～例句1、2都省力了表语。 1.A: Are you feeling better now? B: (I am feeling )Much better (now). 2.A: Have you finished your work? B: ( I have )Not ( finished) yet. 3.( I found it )Very disappointing. 4.( I wish) Good luck (to you)! 归纳:为了使语言简洁或避免重复～以上例句中同时省略几个成分。 35 * 省略有并列句中的基本用法 1.My father is a doctor, and my mother (is ) a nurse. 2.I study at a college and my brother (studies) at high school. 3.Wheh summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting ) sooner and sooner. 归纳:在两个并列分句或并列成分中～后一个分句常省略与前一个分句相同的部分。 *省略在复合句中的基本用法 1.My friend can‟t come to school, but I wonder why (he can‟t come). 2.A: Is he coming back tonight? B: I think so. A: Is he feeling better today? B: I‟m afraid not. 3. He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 归纳:宾语从句中～例1 是省略宾语从句中与主句相同的部分。例2是省略宾语从句～ 并用或so not代替。例3是两个宾语从句只能省略第一个that～而不能省略第二个 that。 1.This is one of the best films (that) I have seen. 2.This is the factory (which / that ) we visited last week. 3. The child ( that / whom) Mr Li brought up is an orphan. 4. I don‟t like the way ( that / in which) you talk to your parents. 归纳:宾语从句中省略关系代词。 1.He was fond of swimming wheb (he was ) yet a child. 2.Be careful when (you are ) crossing the street. 3.While (she was ) waiting for the bus, she came across her maths teacher. 4.If (I am) invited, I will go to the party. 5.Don‟t speak until ( you are ) spoken to. 6.She opened her lips as if (she was) to say something. 7. If (it is ) possible, please look up the word in a dictionary. 8.Use your reference books when (it is) necessary. 9.Errors, if ( there are) any, should be corrected. 归纳:1.when, while, as once, until 引导的时间状语从句～if, unless引导的条 件状语从句, though, although, even if, even though引导的让步状语从句～as if as though 引导的方式状语从句常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。 2.当见到 “when / if / where / wherever / as soon as / as fast as”等 +possible / necessary时可理解为中间省略了it is (was)。 3.我要含有if的省略结构有:if ant / if possibe / if necessay / if so / if not等。 *省略在动词不定式中的基本用法 1.A:I‟ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my dog? B:Not at all. I‟d be glad to. 2.You‟d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to. 3.A:Must I go now? B:No, you don‟t have to. 36 归纳:一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语～如expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, be afraid, be glad等～ 动词不定式省略to后面重复的部分～但保留to,动词不定式作宾语补足语时～省略 to后面重复的部分,在一些情态动词或助动词ought to, used to, be able to, have to等面省略to后面重复的部分。 1.We often hear him sing the song in home. 2.The students are taught to read, write and do many other things. 3.What we want to do is lie down and rest. 4.Why get so excited? 5.It‟s more difficult to do that to say. 归纳:动词不不定式作感官动词feel/ see / notice/ watch/ find/ hear/ listen / listen to/ observe和使役动词make / have / let等的宾语补足语时～动词不定 式省略to。两个或两个基本点以上的动词不定式由连词and / or /than/ but连接 时～从第二个不定式起～省略to。动词不定式作表语～用来解释主语或主语从句中 do的精确含义时～动词不定式的符号to要省略。在why 或why not引起的表示责问 或建议时～动词不定式的符号to要省略。但表示对比时～则不能省略。 作业:课堂反馈 Period 3 Using Language 同步精讲 1.It was John’s action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Shade’s life. 此句是常考的强调句型。其句型如下: It is / was +强调部分+ that / who +其他部分 此句型强调的成分仅限于主语、宾语和状语。基本用法:被强调的部分指人时～用 that或 who皆可。被强调的部分不指人～一律用that。 Eg: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. It was my father who / that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. 当遇到not… until 这一句型变为强调句时～一定要用:It is / was not until … that…。 It was not until yesterday that I knew he was coming. 等于:I didn‟t know he was coming until yesterday. 2.He immediately asked a number of nearby people for handages, by when nobody could put their hands on any, his father put some tea towels and tape from their home. A number of 许多～若干 A number of soldiers were detatched to guard the building. Expansion: Plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, a large amount of, a great deal of, a good many, a large number of 37 只能修饰不可数名词的是:a large amount of, a great deal of。 只能修饰可数名词的是:a good many, a large number of。 其他短语既可修饰可数名词～也可修饰不可数名词。 3.There is not doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school Ms Shade’s life. There is no doubt that 中的that引导的是同位语从句～一般情况下不省略～其含 意为:毫无疑问。。。。。。 There is not doubt that she has fallen in love with him. 4.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. (1)a knowledge of知道～了解～具有。。。。。。的知识 He has a good knowledge of English. I have only a knowledge of computers. To my knowledge , she has never been late before. ( 2 ) make a real difference有影响～起作用 You can make a real difference if you work hard. Make a / some / no difference ( to) 有/ 有一些/ 没有区别/ 作用 The drug makes no difference to me. 作业:词汇通关和课堂反馈 Period 4 Writing 如何写指导性作文 聚集词汇 如本单元“急救”的词汇有:bites and scrathes, bleeding, broken, bones, burns, eye injuries, fever, frosbite, head injuries, heat illness, insect stings and bites, nosebleeding, tooth ininjuries, vomitting. 分析文体 指导性作文属于说明文写作～告诉读者在什么紧急情况下采取什么样的急 救措施及操作步骤。做到条理清晰、简洁易懂。 组织结构 文章分为三部分。先介绍紧急意外情况～然后指出急救的重要性。再介绍 处理办法。 主要句型 1. First,… Then,… finally,… 2.Firstly,…Secondly,… Thirdly,… Finally,… 3. To begin with, … Morever, … Finally,… 佳作欣赏 First aid for animal bites Animal bites like dog and cat bites are most common nowadays. They will cause signs and symtoms shch as swelling , pain, inching, and bleeding, which bring the victim a lot of suffering. First aid can make a difference before emergency medical help arrives.It can be used for animal bites that cause scratches on the skin but do not cause a severe allergic reaction. You should do as the following: Firstly,wash the bite area right away with soap and warm water for 5 minutes.If the bite is deep, place the wound under gently running water for 38 10 minutes. Then dry the wound with a clean towel. Secondly, if the wound is swollen, apply ice covered in a towel to it for 10 minutes. Finally, get medical care. 39