高三 名词性从句

高三 名词性从句 【概念】:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句 名词性从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 【关联词】 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever 连接副词 how, why, when, where however, wherever 连接词 that(有时可省略), whether, if, because as if /as though(不充当从句的任何成 分) 不可省略连接词的情况: 1. 在宾语从句中that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。 They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 2. 引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 【语序】 在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。 【分类阐述】 1. 主语从句 ? 概念:在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。 ? 关联词:通常由从属连词that(无词义，只连接)，whether 1 1 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 连接代词: what, who, which, whatever, whoever 保留疑问含义 连接作用 连接副词: how, when, where , why What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式 It is true that he stole a bike. It is known to us how he became a writer. [归结出句型] : 1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… 2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… 3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 从所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… 4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起… 【注意】主语从句用虚拟语气(should do)的关键词 (necessary/ important...) 2 2 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 【注意】单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。 Where and when he was born ________ not been found. (have) When the person was murdered and why he was murdered _____________ still unknown. (be) 2. 宾语从句 ? 概念:名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句 ? 关联词:与主语从句一致 ‡ 由连接词that引导的宾语从句(that不作成分，常常省略). He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 【注意】宾语从句(demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等词后)的虚拟(should + do) 和用用陈述语气的情况 I insist that she her work alone. (做) The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. The smile on his face suggested that he . (通过了考试) ‡ 用whether或if引导的宾语句 一般可互换，但是 从句中有or not时 介词后的宾语从句 whether 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 I don’t care about you have money or not. (if/ whether) Everything depends on ___________ we have enough money. (if/ whether) 宾语从句中的时态呼应 A. 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态。 I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. B. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式。 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. 【注意】当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east. 关于否定转移。 A. 当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，否定转移. We don’t believe that he will win the game. 3 3 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 【注意】若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 B. 将seem, appear 等后面从句中的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 C. 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 【复习两个常考词】 doubt 肯定结构 whether/ if 引导名词性从句 否定结构或疑问结构 that 引导名词性从句 be sure 肯定句或疑问句 that 引导的名词性从句 否定句结构 whether/if 引导的名词性从句 ? 连接代词 whoever，whatever，whichever = no matter who/ what/ which 【引导名词性/ 让步状语从句】 【让步状语从句】 3. 表语从句 ? 概念:在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句 ? 关联词:表语从句位于连系动词后，与主语从句一致 (+as if/ because) ? 结构: 主语 + 系动词 + that从句 The fact is that we have lost the game. That’s just what I want. This is where our problem lies. 4 4 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 【注意】当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because . 4. 同位语从句 ? 概念:同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 ? 关联词:that, whether，when, where, why, how ? 先行词:跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等 I have no idea when she will be back. 【重点】同位语从句和定语从句的区别: that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here. Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece, Jack kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Rose to make sure of her happiness. 【专题考查】: 高考热点1:that/ what 的区别 that 在从句中不能充当句子成分，也没有含义 what 在从句中可作主语，表语，宾语，意思为“什么，。。。的事情/人” 1. 考查引导词that与what的区别 ? I had no idea ____ you were here. A what B that C how D who ? ______we can’t get seems better than ______we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what ? No one can be sure _____ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 2. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 ? _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 高考热点2:that, whether, if 的区别 whether/ if 表“是否”，表示不肯定，没把握 that 表示肯定和明确的概念，无实义 5 5 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 _____ he will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A if B whether C that D where 高考热点3:that, why, because 引导表语从句 当主语时reason时，表从常用引导词that，不用because The reason why he didn't attend the party yesterday is that he hasn't come back yet. why 和because 引导表语从句，前者强调结果，后者强调原因 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I got wet all through. I had got well all through. That's because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. 高考热点4:引导词what/whatever, who/ whoever, which/ whichever的用法区别 Whatever 相当于whatever = anything that, whoever= anybody who, whichever = the person/thing that， 意思为无论什么，无论哪一个 Whatever等既可引导让步状语从句，又可引导名词性从句，而no matter what 等只能引导让步状语 从句 It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A however B whatever C whichever D whenever Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests. A anyone B whoever C whatever D no matter who 其他 1)主语从句充当句子主语时，用第三人称单数。 课后练习题 1.These photographs will show you _____. A.what does our village look like C.how does our village look like B.what our village looks like D.how our village looks like2.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? A.where Alice had put C.where Alice has put B.where did Alice put D.where has Alice put 3.No one can be sure _____ in a million years. A.what man will look like C.man will look like what B.what will man look like D.what look will man like 4.—-We haven’t heard from Jane a long time. --What do you suppose _____ to her? A.was happening C.to happen B.has happened D.having happened 5.Go and get your coat. It’s _____you left it. A.there B.where C.there where D.where there 6._____ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 6 6 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That 7._____ he said at the meeting astionished everyone present. A.What B.That C.That fact D.The matter 8.—Do yopu remember _____ he came? --Yes, I do . He came by car. A.how B.when C.that D.it 9._____ we can’t get seems better than ______ we have. A.What , what B.What , that C.That , that D.That , what 10.After the war, a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 11.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. _____________________. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 【10高考真题及模拟】 1((全国卷I 33).We haven’t discussed yet _______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where 2((全国II 10) —Have you finished the book, —No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. that D. where 3((北京卷31). I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 4((北京卷32). Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 5((北京卷33). some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 6((福建卷35). We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 7((湖南卷35). Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew_________ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 8((江苏卷35). ----I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. ----That’s_______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what 9((辽宁卷34). ----It’s no use having ideas only . ----Don’t worry. Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act. A. how B. who C. what D. where 10((山东卷26). Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the 7 7 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which 11((陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 12((四川卷14). How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why 13((天津卷14). As a new graduate, he doesn’t know _______ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which 14((重庆卷25). To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which 15((浙江卷1). -- How about camping this weekend, just for a change? -- OK, __ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 16((浙江卷9). It is uncertain __ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 17((上海卷36). One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why 18((上海卷37). When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering 8 8 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713 9 9 鼎立教育服务中心 江北校区:观音桥步行街天街2号阳光城大厦16-A3A4 电话:67867713