初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案 句子成分及基本句型 一、 考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 主语是一个句子中所要 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、 名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语 的后面。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、 名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 定语 是句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化的词。与名词或相当于名词词类的中心词构成 名词短语，有前置定语和后置定语之分。 状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词 叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。状语可修饰动词短语、形容词短 语、副词短语 、分句以至句子。 补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的，可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何 时”、“什么结果”等问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。补语都放在中心语后头。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动 词、介宾结构来担任，各种关系的词组也常作补语。 句子的主干是: 主语、谓语、定语，简称主谓宾。定语、状语、补语都是起修饰、补充、说明的作用。 一般简单地来讲，定语修饰主语、宾语(在主语、宾语前);状语修饰谓语(在谓语前);补语修饰谓语(在谓语后)。结构:(定语)主语 + (状语)谓语 (补语)+ (定语)宾语 例如: 1、 鲁班(主语)是(谓语)我国古代春秋时期一位著名的建筑(定语)工匠(宾语)。 主干:鲁班是工匠。 (主谓宾) 2、那个时候的社会(定语)生产力(主语)还十分(状语)落后(谓语)。 主干:生产力落后。 3、鲁班(主语)从中(状语)得到(谓语)启发(宾语)。 主干:鲁班得到启发。 练习题 用券下载整式乘法计算练习题幼小衔接专项练习题下载拼音练习题下载凑十法练习题下载幼升小练习题下载免费 : 一、造句(请用自己中文写出以上五种基本句子的例句，并用横线划分句子结构) 例如:主谓宾结构 1、我 喜欢吃 苹果。(主谓宾) 1 二、判断句子结构，并用横线划分句子结构。 1、我和妹妹喜欢洋娃娃。 2、打排球是一件很有趣的事。 3、我爸爸是一位工程师。 4、我给我妹妹五个糖。 5、去北京是我的梦想。 6、王叔叔的儿子跳了起来。 7、打排球和踢足球是我的爱好。 8、把这件事做好是我们的主要任务。 9、我把钢笔还给了小明。 10、这件事情让我很开心。 11、李明、张红和张强的自行车都被偷了。 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补 足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式 或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词 一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或 动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动 词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 2 说明2:及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给„„看)，bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. (四)表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 如:I am a teacher.(名词) He is always happy.(形容词) They are on the playground now.(介词短语) It gets cold.(形容词) Be动词(am，is，are, was, were) 系动词 表保持(keep, stay, remain) 表改变(get， become， turn) 感官动词(feel，sound(听起来)，seem/look(看起来)，taste(尝起来)，smell(闻起来)) 如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词，interesting为表语) We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词， careful为表语) (五)定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 如:The black bike is mine.(形容词) What’s your name?(代词) They make paper flowers.(名词) 说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语) He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语) 说明2:短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。) (六)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 如:He did it carefully.(副词) We often help him.(副词) Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语) When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语) (七)间接宾语 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。 3 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。 间接宾语加“for”的有: make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等 (1)I give him a book. 改成: (2)He passes me the book.(他将 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 递给我。) 改成: (3)He writes me a letter. 改成: (4)He will buy me some books. 改成: (5)She is making me a cake. 改成: (八)宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。 如:They make her happy.(形容词) I see her dance.(不定式) We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词) Please let him in.(副词) We heard her singing a song.(分词短语) He sits there.(副词地点状语) 【简单句的五种基本句型】 A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) 如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。 B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) 如:I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) 如:Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.(feel为系动词，表示感到„„) It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词，表示变得) Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来) D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾) 如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语) 他给汤姆一件礼物。 Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语) 妈妈为我做了一件衣服。 E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) 如:They call her Mary.(宾补) 他们叫她Mary。 We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补) 我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。 He always makes us laugh.(宾补) 他总使我们笑。 典型例题 三、根据题目要求将所给代词的适当形式填入括号内(每个括号里只填写一个单词)。 4 1、——This is my book. ——This is______.(I) 2、 LiLy, where(在哪里) is ______ book,(you) 3、______are very nice. (I) 4、______am very good.(I) 5、______books are cheap(便宜).(they) 6、_______book is cheap.(she) 7、_______books are cheap.(she) 8、Dog is clever(聪明的)，_____can(可以) find(找到)the way(路) back to ____ home.(it)(狗很聪 明，它可以找到回它自己家的路) 四、根据题干选着合适的be动词填空。 1、I_____ a good student. 2、He ______a good student. 3、She ______ a good teacher. 4、These_____good cars. 5、They ______ students. 五、写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. on the blue bike is Jane’s sister. 5. The girl 6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early. 二、 课后练习 (一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 5 ? My brother doesn't do his homework. A B C D ? People all over the world speak English. A B C D ? You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ? How many new words do you learn ? A B C D ? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D (二) 挑出下列句中的表语 ? The old man is feeling very tired. A B C D ? Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ? The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ? Soon They all become interested in the subject. A B C D ? She is the first to learn about it. A B C D (三) 挑出下列句中的定语 ? They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D ? What is your given name? A B C D ? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D ? I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D ? The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ? She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D ? He asks her to take the boy out of school. A B C D ? She find it difficult to do the work. A B C D ? They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D ? I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D (五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ? There is a big smile on her face. A B C D ? Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D ? He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B C D 6 ? The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast. A B C D ? With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. A B C D (六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语( ) ? Please tell us a story. ? My father bought a new bike for me last week. ? Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ? Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ? Does he leave any message for me? (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语(10分，10分钟) ? My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ? People all over the world speak English. A B C D ? You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ? How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D ? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D ? They made him monitor of the class. A B C D ? Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D ? You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C D ? They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. A B C D ) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟) (四 ? The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ? Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ? The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ? Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D ? She was the first to learn about it. A B C D 7 (五) 挑出下列句中的定语 (6分，6分钟) ? They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D ? What is your given name? A B C D ? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B C D ? I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D ? The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D ? I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! A B C D (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟) ? She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D ? He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B C D 8 典型例题答案 一.写出划线部分的句子成分。 1. 主，谓，宾，状 2. 定，状 3. 表 4. 谓，宾，状 5. 定，定 6. 谓，状 7. 谓，宾，状 8. 谓，状 9. 表 10. 表 11. 定，表 12. 状，状 课后练习 (三) ? D ? D ? B ? A ? B (四) ?D ?B ?D ?C ?B (五) ? C ? C ? A ? B ? B (六) ? C ? C ? C ? C ? D (七) ? D ? A ? D ? D ? A (八) ? us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ? me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ? us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ? Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ? me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语 9