背跃式跳高的动作要领和技巧

背跃式跳高的动作要领和技巧 背跃式跳高的动作要领和技巧 背越式的步点采用弧线助跑。先在横杆中间外侧30厘米左右地方确定起跳点，先向右走5步，为A点。然后再向右走6步为B点。再向前走7步为C点。从C-B-A助跑，C-B段为直线助跑，B-A为弧线助跑。经过反复背越式跳高是指背部朝向横杆，身体各部分依次过杆的一种过杆技术。背越式跳高技术是由助跑、起跳、过杆和落地四个阶段组成的。各阶段彼此紧密相连、相互作用。 (一) 助跑 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 1( 助跑的任务 从背越式跳高的助跑路线可以看到，在助跑开始的前段直线跑，应尽可能大的获得水平速度。在助跑后段的弧线跑应为跑跳创造尽可能大的离心加速度，有助于向横杆方向运动。 2( 助跑的技术要点 开始采用直线助跑，双肩要下垂，用脚前掌着地，跑时具有弹性;提高重心，步幅均匀，不断加速;进入弧线跑时，外侧摆动腿富有弹性地蹬地。为了克服离心加速度的作用，上体应稍向弧线内侧倾斜。前脚掌沿弧线落地，身体重心轨迹向内越出足迹线。助跑的节奏要快，特别是助跑最后两步髋关节前送幅度要大，迈步时上体保持较垂直的姿势，摆动退积极，充分后蹬，起跳腿快速前伸，同时髋部自然前送。助跑过程中两臂应积极有力地前后摆动，弧线跑时外侧手臂摆动幅度应大于内侧手臂的摆动幅度。 (二)起跳 起跳的目地在于使助跑获得的水平速度，迅速转变为垂直向上运动，以使身体充分向上腾起，并为过杆做好准备。起跳动作可分为起跳腿的着地、缓冲和蹬伸三个阶段及摆动腿与双臂的配合。 1( 跳腿的着地、缓冲和蹬伸技术 为加快起跳的速度，起跳腿应大幅度、平稳地以脚掌外侧着地，并迅速从脚跟向前脚掌滚动。这时由于迈步放脚时髋关节的积极快速前送和迅速的弧线助跑而形成了了身体向后、向内的倾斜姿势。在起跳的缓冲阶段，为了提高起跳的速度。还应减小屈膝的幅度，以利于保持水平速度。在这阶段当身体由倾斜转为垂直至身体重心移至起跳腿的上方时，迅速有力地充分蹬直起跳腿的三个关节，躯干在离地前瞬间几乎垂直地立于起跳脚之上。这时起跳腿的蹬伸方向应在身体重心的外侧，从而产生了过杆所必须的旋转冲力。 2(起跳时摆动腿与双臂的协调配合技术 起跳时离横杆较远的一臂使颈地向上摆动，加一臂不要充分摆出，并且较早地制动，这样有利于肩轴倾向横杆。摆动腿的摆动应从屈膝的起跳腿旁开始，以膝盖领先，先屈膝折叠，后跳高架的远端支柱上方用力摆出。当摆动腿摆到起跳腿前方之后应向里转，而小腿和脚要稍许外展。这样的积极动作，有助于使骨盆保持在起跳力量的作用线上，围绕纵轴产生转身动作。此时，头应补偿性地转向横杆。 (三)过杆和落地 过杆就是充分利用起跳获得的腾空时间改变身体姿势，缩短身体重心与横杆之间的距离，并利用身体的屈伸、旋转越过横杆。过杆时，立即屈髋收腹，下颚迅速引向前胸，同时双腿补偿地高举两小腿积极向上甩起。应注意，落地前的收腹举腿，以背先着地，或团身以肩先着地，然后再做is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 一个后滚翻。为了控制腾越方向，头部不能后仰，要注意在落垫过程的"视力监督"，眼睛始终要注视着横杆方向。 错误纠正 1(起跳前减速，甚至有停顿现象 跳高 【产生原因】 助跑节奏不稳定，起跳前降低重心太多，放脚时过分前伸，上体后仰产生较大制动。初学者由于技术不熟练，有怕杆心理也会造成在起跳前减速或停顿。 【纠正方法】 反复在杆前做助跑起跳练习，注意助跑后几步身体重心平稳，最后一步起跳时放脚要快。可用皮筋代替横杆克服害怕心理。 2(起跳时身体过早倒向横杆 【产生原因】 由于助跑最后1,2步不能适度保持身体内倾，过早地向横杆方向转体，注意力过分集中在腾空动作上，过早做过杆成桥的姿势。 【纠正方法】 加强杆前弧线助跑练习或跳上海绵垫等练习，注意起跳前的身体内倾和起跳垂直向上的动作及摆腿摆臂的方向。 3(起跳时摆动脚擦地 【产生原因】 摆腿时蹬伸用力不够，大小腿折叠不够，小腿过早踢出。 【纠正方法】 采用弧线连续上步快速而有力的蹬摆起跳，摆腿用力蹬地后立即上收、小腿折叠，以髋带腿向前上方摆出。 4(放脚不正确 【产生原因】 助跑弧线小或在弧线上突然跑切线甚至最后1,2步跑成直线，造成起跳放脚时膝关节向外撇与横杆成平行。不仅影响起跳方向，也易使踝、膝关节损伤。 【纠正方法】 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 加大助跑弧线，防止弧线上跑切线(弧线跑五步)。注意放脚步的方向。 5(摆腿起跳时臀部后坐 【产生原因】 迈步起跳时髋送不出去，摆腿时没有以髋带腿。另外，由于髋关节灵活性差，送髋摆腿动作也受到一定的限制。 【纠正方法】 迈步起跳时摆动腿积极地送髋，起跳脚着地时髋快速移上支撑点。另外，加强髋关节灵活性练习。 二、 弧线助跑中常见错误动作，产生原因和纠正方法 1(最后两步倒体过早 【产生原因】 弧线跑的概念不清，助跑弧线太小，速度过缓，助跑距离太短。弧线上保持身体内倾至最后一步快速由内倾转成垂直掌握不好。 【纠正方法】 建立正确弧线助跑概念，观摩优秀运动员技术录像及正确示范。注意弧线跑时身体倾斜角度应由小--大--零的合理变化。加大助跑弧线练习，反复做全程助跑练习等。 2(助跑加速不匀，节奏紊乱，致使起足失败 【产生原因】 助跑步点不准确，缺乏节奏感，学生对横杆有恐惧感，注意力不集中。 【纠正方法】 调整助跑距离，找出最适宜的助跑步点，采用划线、设标记、听节拍等培养学生的节奏感。可用橡皮筋代替横杆克服恐惧心理。 3(助跑速度过快，致使跳不起来 【产生原因】 可控速度掌握不好，腿部力量差，支撑能力不够。 【纠正方法】 控制跑的速度和节奏，加强腿部力量训练。 ? 三、过杆落地时常见的错误动作、产生原因及纠正方法 1(坐着过杆，做不出送髋动作 【产生原因】 腾空后害怕肩背着垫，不敢做两臂外展和头后仰的动作，起跳后摆动腿放不下来，髋送不出去。 【纠正方法】 可采用垫上送髋，倒体成桥，原地高台过杆和助跑过杆等练习。 2(身体与横杆斜交叉过杆 【产生原因】 起跳前倒体太早，影响了沿纵轴转体，摆动腿沿横杆摆的动作用力不够。 【纠正方法】 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 采用杆前助跑起跳，起跳时注意摆动腿的摆动方向和防止倒体过早的动作。3,5步助跑起跳摆动腿触高物并沿纵轴转体90,270度，摆动腿用力向内摆。 3(大腿后侧和小腿擦落横杆 【产生原因】 起跳后挺髋仰头下潜和大小腿折叠上摆不够，过杆时收展不及时。 【纠正方法】 杆前做原地背越式过杆练习，注意 体会 针灸治疗溃疡性结肠炎昆山之路icu常用仪器的管理名人广告失败案例两会精神体会 空中挺髋动作和过杆时收腿的时机。 4(头肩先着垫 【产生原因】 落地高度过高(垫子太低)。过早收大腿，喜欢后滚翻。 【纠正方法】 加高海绵垫，做原地背越式过杆练习，注意纠正落花流水地位置不正确和落地时身体过于放松的错误。 5(落地时双手先撑地 【产生原因】 害怕肩背着垫，腾空时失去身体平衡。 【纠正方法】 垫上后倒肩背着垫练习，在较高的起跳位置做有杆或无杆的原地背越式练习。 背越式跳高 一、助跑的技术要素 (一)技术特点 背越式跳高助跑的主要特点是弧线助跑，助跑线一般为“J”其优 跳高弹跳力训练 点是: 1(助跑的预备段是一条直线或曲率很小的线曲，因此全程便于加速和发挥速度。 2(向弧线过渡时比较平缓自然，可以避免停顿或减速。 3(弧线曲率由大变小，使身体逐步加大内倾。 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination 4(最后一步与横杆约成20度至30度角，以保证人体在腾空后，有一个适宜的相对于横杆的垂直位移距离。 (二)助跑技术 助跑的任务是获得必要的水平速度，并为提高起跳效果和顺利地越过横杆创造条件。背越式跳高一般采用8至12步助跑，分直线助跑段与弧线助跑段。 1(直线助跑技术:近似于短路途中跑技术，跑进时身体重心高而平稳上体适当前倾，后蹬充分有力，前摆积极抬腿，两臂协调配合大幅度摆动; 2(弧线助跑技术:身体逐步内倾，加大外侧腿臂的摆动幅度，保持头、躯干成一直线向内倾。助跑的整个过程应有明显的加速性和较强的节奏感，尤其是最后几步逐渐加快，到最后一步最快。 二、背越式跳高助跑教学中易出现的问题 (一)助跑弧线的曲率不当: 在学习弧线助跑中，经常会出现助跑弧线不正确的问题，主要会出现以下几种错误:错误1:在助跑中，身体内倾不是逐渐加大，而是一开始进入弧线时，身体内倾最大，跑至最后两步时身体反而直立起来，表现在助跑路线上有跑直线的不合理现象。错误2:在助跑中，身体内倾没有变化，表现在助跑路线上有跑圆弧的不合理现象。 错误3:在助跑中，身体内倾由大变小，表现在助跑上有绕弯的不合理现象。产生上述错误的原因:学生未能掌握好弧线助跑的技术，形成正确的弧线并依靠本体感觉来控制身体内倾的变化。 检查错误的方法:检查学生的助跑步点及路线是否正确，可以按照弧线助跑的技术要求，对每一步进行检查，通常每一步跑进方向的转折(一般称转折角)应逐渐加大。 is large and ample power and local society, construction after consultation with the local power supply Department near the site established a provisional transformer 315KVA and for on-site construction, electricity and electricity. While spare 1-200Kw generators in case of power failure. 5, communication in the project Department in construction fixed telephone (mobile support), fax machines and other communications tools to guarantee full-time dispatchers on duty 24 hours to remain with the owner, the engineer, railway departments as well as the design of close contacts, ensure smooth construction of the project. 3.2.2. the construction coordination 1, coordination with the owner (1) meet the owners project pre-construction preparations such as land acquisition and relocation, create conditions as soon as possible, and construction team approaching construction in a timely manner. (2) attend owners ' associations project coordination and complete the work. 2, and design coordination unit (1) strictly in accordance with the drawings and design units provides optimization recommendations, without consent of the design, not arbitrarily changed the design. (2) the problems in construction drawings, design units and owners and supervisory reporting in a timely manner, and to advise on the design, handling design changes after construction. (3) actively assisted by project manager and design unit in engineering there are temporary problems, works well. 3, in coordination