反身代词
一.反身代词:又称为自身代词,表示某人自己的代词,它表示一个动作行为反射到行为执行者本身或强调自己,它有人称和数的变化。
二.反身代词的构成:
人称代词主格I you he she it we you they
反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 【注意】反身代词在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称,性别,数上保持一致。
三.反身代词的用法:
1.作动词或介词的宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或物。
如:Maria bought herself a scarf.
2.用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
如:I met the super star himself last week.
3.用在某些固定短语中。
look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己
learn sth by oneself=teach oneself sth. 自学
enjoy oneself 玩的开心help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝
hurt oneself 摔伤自己say to oneself 自言自语
lose oneself in... 沉浸于,陶醉于....之中
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买某物
introduce oneself 介绍某人自己
4.反身代词与by连用时,意为单独地,独自地。
【注意】1.反身代词不能单独做主语。
2.反身代词表示“某人自己”,不能表示“某人的东西”,表达“某人自己的东西”时,需要用one’s own.
如:我用自己的蜡笔画画。I’m drawing with my own crayons.
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一.用反身代词填空。
1.My classmate,Li Ming,made a card for _________ just now.
2.Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday.
3.They tell us they can look after _________ very well.
4.My cat can find food by _________.
5.Help _________ to some beef, boys.
6.Jenny enjoyed _________ in the park yesterday afternoon.
7.We can finish our homework by _________.
8.The blind girl lost _________ in the beautiful music.
9.Xiao Hui,can you introduce _________ to us?
10.Bill wants to teach _________ French from now on.
二.用所给的词及反身代词造句。
1.they enjoyed/at/beach today
2.the bird/built/a nest
3.her mother/bought/ a new dress
4.the boy/said/just now
课外作业
用适当的代词填空。
1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is ______. (I)
2.How is Mr Li? _______is fine, thanks. (he)
3.Put on______ hat! I am going to put it on. (you)
4.Who is that over here? It is_______. (I)
5.The old man lives by ______. (he)
6.I am sure I can do it all by _______. (I)
7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _____. (I)
8.I’d like to go for a walk. ______ too. (I)
9.What are ______jobs? They are students. (they)
10.Mary is old enough to take care of(照料) ______. (she)
11.It is perfume(香水), I made it __________. (I)
12.Look at ____. She is very well. (she)
13.Can you carry this box upstairs by _______.(you)
14.You and she did very well in the test. The teacher said that he would praise(赞扬)_____ and______. (you , she)
15.The story ______was very good, but you are did not tell it well. (it)
16.Give Jane this watch.. Give______ this one too. (she)
17.Sara is not pleased(满意的) with ________in this English test. (she)
18.Did you enjoy __________at the party yesterday? (you)
19.I am sure I can do it all by ___________.
20.Mary is old enough to take care of __________.
情态动词
一.情态动词的定义:情态动词有其自身词汇意义,表示或暗示某种情绪或说话者对某一动作或状态的态度,如可能,愿意,愿望等。但它不能单独作谓语,必须和其它动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。
二.情态动词的种类:
情态动词否定形式情态动词否定形式
Can can’t will won’t
Could couldn’t would wouldn’t
May may not must mustn’t
Shall shan’t need needn’t
Should shouldn’t
三.情态动词的用法:
1. can 的用法
1)表示能力,与be able to同义,但can只用于现在时和过去时,be able to可用于各种时态。
注:Can you …? Y es, I can / No,I can’t.
2).表示允许、请求。用could比can语气更加委婉客气,常用于could I /you …..?句型中,若表示同意时,用can回答而不用could .
Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t .
3)表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)
It can’t be true .
Can it be true ?
2. may 的用法
1)表允许,请求= can 。表示许可或征求对方的许可,常于第一人称连用
注:May I ….? Y e s ,you m ay / No, you can’t / mustn’t .
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Y es, please. / Certainly.
2)表推测,可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybe he knows the news .= He _____ _____ the news.
3. must 的用法
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)
注:Must I ….? Y es, you must / No,you needn’t(don’t have to ).
--Must we hand in our exercise books now?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2)mustn’t表禁止、不允许。You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can .
注:must表推测时,其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
4).must“必须,应该”表示说话人的主观看法,即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)have to 必须,不得不”强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词,用于否定句和疑问句中。
a).Need I ….? Y es , you must / No, you needn’t .
b).need + do sth . 变否定句:needn’t do sth 变疑问句:Need sb do sth ?
2).用作实义动词need + to do sth .
变否定句:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句:Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?
Yes ,sb.do/ does / did No, sb dot / doesn’t /didn’t
5.had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形= It’s best to do sth .
You had better ______ (stay )at home . = _____ ______ ______ stay at home . 2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games
6.Shall的用法
表征询意见,主要用于第一人称疑问句。
Shall I take you to the hospital?
7.Will的用法
1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you.
2)表请求,用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold.
注:Will/Would you ...?
肯定回答:Yes, please./C ertain ly./Sure./All right.
否定回答:I'm sorry. I can't./No, thank you./No, I won't.
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一.用情态动词填空。
1.________ you like to go fishing with me?
2.________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here.
3.You ________ take more exercise.
4.The clock ________ tell us the time.
5.________ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?
6.My mother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.
7.________ you like some tea?
8.Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________.
9.________ I use your car? Yes, you ________.
10.________ we play football this afternoon?
二.按要求改写句子。
1. I can run fast. (变否定句)I ________ ________ fast.
2. You must return the book now.(一般疑问句作否定回答)
________ I the book now? No, you ________.
3. He can play basketball well. (一般疑问句)_______ he ______ basketball well?
4. They must take the books out of the room.(否定句)
5. He should get up early. (否定句) He _______ get up late.
6.You had better close the windows.(变否定句)
7.She needs to have a rest.(变一般疑问句作肯定回答)
8.May I use your bike?(作否定回答)
课外作业
一.选择题
1。John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may
B. can
C. has to
D. Must
2 .They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to
B. be able to
C. can able to
D. are able to
3 -May I take this book out? -No, you___.
A. can't
B. may not
C. needn't
D. aren't
4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can
B. must
C. dare
D. would
5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.
A. mustn't
B. can't
C. needn't
D. may not
6.He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can
B. shall
C. must
D. has to
7.The children___ play football on the road.
A. can't
B. can
C. mustn't
D. must
8.You ___ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. don't have to
D. don't need to
9.-Must I do my homework at once? -No, you___.
A. needn't
B. mustn't
C. can't
D. may not
10.Y ou'd better___late next time.
A. not to be
B. not be
C. won't be
D. don't be
11.-Mum,may I watch TV now?
- Sure,but you ________ help me with my English.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. could
12. -________ I download the article again?-No,you needn't.
A. Shall
B. Will
C. Must
D. Can.
13.-Can you go skating with us this afternoon?
-Sorry,I can't. I ________ take care of my little sister at home.
A. can
B. may
C. would
D. have to
二.完形填空。
The best way of learning a language is always using it. The best way of learning spoken English is ___1___ in English as much as possible. Sometimes you’ll get your words ___2___ up and people will not ___3___ you. Sometimes people will ___4___ things too quickly and you can’t understand them. But ___5___ you keep your sense of humor, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you ___6__ _. Don’t be unhappy if people seem to be laughing ___7___ your m i s t akes.It’s _ __8___for peopl e to l augh at your m i st akes t han t o be angr y wi t h you, ___9___they don’t understand what you we saying. The most important thing for learning English is: “Don’t be ___10___ of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.”
1. A. Listening B. talking C. reading D. writing
2. A. mix B. mixing C. to mix D. mixed
3. A. like B. know C. help D. understand
4. A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak
5. A. if B. when C. since D. although
6. A. have B. make C. take D. product
7. A. at B. on C. in D. For
8. A. good B. better C. best D. Well
9. A. unless B. because C. as soon as D. as long as
10. A. sad B. worry C. afraid D. unhappy