高中语文选修模块教学研究----2012-2013年度远程教育学习内容

高中语文选修模块教学研究----2012-2013年度远程教育学习内容 高中语文选修模块教学研究 刘宇新,北京教育科学研究院、中学高级教师, 一、从教学层面看选修课的基本定位 1. 高中语文开设选修课程的现实意义。开设选修课,既为满足不同学生的兴趣、爱好和不同的学习需求,实现有个性有差异的发展,也是在尊重学生个人发展的同时,适应新世纪对不同人才的需求。 开设选修课,既为丰富学生的学习内容,增加学生的选择空间,也是在丰富和选择的过程中,为每一个学生打下适合自身发展的语文基础,在必修与选修的相互配合下,实现对于一个学生来说最有价值的 “ 语文 ” 整合。开设选修课,既着眼于学生的学业发展和人才培养,也是在为学生的发展增添内在的驱动力,变被动的接受学习为主动的寻求发展,而学生的发展又必定会是一种均衡的、有个性的发展。开设选修课,既着眼于新课程的理念和要求,也是从内容到形式对语文教学的一种发展,是在丰富并改变着对于语文教学的一些已有的认识以及教学方法,促进语文教学的发展乃至整个语文学科的发展,尤其是要为语文学科增添一点新世纪的亮色。 2. 选修课的开课设想与现实之间的矛盾。语文选修课模块按五个系列进行 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 。现实的矛盾是由于条件限制,目前还不可能按照五个系列开设出能够满足学生选择的选修课。选修课的开课设想和现实的矛盾,实际上是选修课教学管理层面的矛盾。现在,把这个矛盾转嫁给课堂教学,不公平也不合适,更是教学层面所无法解决的。即便有朝一日,这个矛盾不存在了,能开课,能走班了,开设选修课的初衷是否就完全实现了呢,这可不一定,若还是必修课的那一套设计和教法,选修课教学就没有自身的特点,也就没有了“选修”的味道,也就失去了开设选修课的意义。从这个意义上讲,现实矛盾掩盖下的深层矛盾,即解决选修课的教学问题,才是我们所应解决的当务之急。 allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants in long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 3. 正确认识选修课教学与必修课的区别。据了解,目前全国约有 70% 左右的省市使用人民教育出版社教材。人教社选修教材力求突出选修课教学的特点,但遗憾的是,在许多地方,选修教材的使用,几乎都是按照“必修”的套路进行教学设计。“目前的选修课教学,只是课程内容与必修课有所不同,在教学方式和学习方式上没有明显差异,仍然是以教师讲授为主”,“如果仍然采用必修课的授课方式,那就不是完整意义上的选修课”,《中学语文教学》 2009 年第 6 期《语文教育距离课标有多远》王鹏伟,。 针对这种情况,已经有人提出 “ 选修课要打破文本壁垒 ” ,凸现问题意识, “ 把多篇课文的横向纵向的隐性联系呈现出来”,《语文学习》 2009 年第 6 期《困境 ? 发展 ? 跋涉 —— 关于选修教学的对话》郭惠宇等,。 由此可以看出,选修课的实施表面上是 “ 选课 ” 和 “ 走班 ” 问题,其实深层次的问题是对选修课的 “ 选修 ” 认识不到位,选修课实施没有体现 “ 选修 ” 的特征。这个问题不解决,即便开设再多的选修课程,结果也必然是 “ 必修课搬家 ” ,达不到开设选修课的真正意义。 4. 高中语文选修课的认识和实施定位 , 1 , 认识定位 。《语文课程标准》 ,“高中语文选修课是在必修课基础上的拓展与提高,有的侧重于实际运用,有的侧重于鉴赏陶冶,有的旨在引导探索研究。” “选修课程的设计,必须以课程目标为依据,充分考虑学生的需求和实际水平。不能把选修课上成必修课的补习课和应考的辅导课,也不能简单地照搬大学里的选修课。”“拓展与提高”和“以课程目标为依据,充分考虑学生的需求和实际水平”虽是原则性的话,但“拓展与提高”说明选修课的内容要求应当与必修课有所不同,而“以课程目标为依据”说明选修课仍然要坚持以“提高学生语文素养,使学生具有较强的语文应用能力和一定的审美能力、探究能力,形成良好的思想道德素质和科学文化素质,为终身学习和有个性的发展奠定基础”为教学目标,“充分考虑学生的需求和实际水平”,是说选修课要适应学生的发展,而不是某一方面的专业进步。 “ 不能把选修课上成必修课的补习课和应考的辅allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants in long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 导课,也不能简单地照搬大学里的选修课 ” ,则再次从反面强调选修课与必修课在内容要求上的不同以及基础教育与专业教育的不同。可见,选修课的教学目标是继续提高学生的语文素养,充实知识结构,丰富文化积累,强化语文能力,促进思维发展,教学内容还是 “ 阅读 ” 与 “ 写作 ” 这两大项,只是这两项内容的呈现不再是以 “ 文体 ” 呈现 ,而是按照 “ 体裁 ” 或 “ 专题 ” 呈现。人教版 15 本选修教材和每册教材中的单元确立,正是基于这样的认识。 , 2 ,实施定位 。《课程标准》, “ 选修课和必修课的教学存在一定的差别 ” , “ 不同类型的选修课之间存在着课程目标和教学方法上的差异 …… 所以选修课特别需要注意寻求与课程内容相适应的教学方法”。据此,可以确定选修课的实施从内容的选择上应当具有“专题”的特点,而不同于必修的以单一“文本”为单位,更多的是借助若干文本完成“专题”学习。这种“专题”的确立可以是教材已有的,也可是依据教材另外确定的,而文本的组合可以是教材内的,也可以是教材内外相互结合的。从教法的选择上,应体现 “ 自主、合作、探究 ” 的教学理念,尝试各种有益的教学方法,例如,教师答疑、问题讨论、成果交流、语文活动,以及教师的讲解和必要的讲座,等等。尤其是要改变单一的 “ 就文本说文本 ” 的教学方法,尝试建立既立足文本又跳出文本、既解读文本又拓展文本的教学思路,在不断提升 “ 上位 ” 认识的过程中实施选修课的教学。 5. 高中语文选修课定位的现实意义。首先,在实现“拓展与提高”的过程中提升学生的语文素养 , 开阔视野、丰富积累、发展思维,提高三种能力,其次,在专题的研究和确立的过程中实现学生的个性化选择,在某种意义上解决“选课”和“走班”问题,第三,使高中的语文教学呈现出与义务教育的显著差别,提升高中语文教学的档次,进而按照新课程的设想改变高中的语文教学现状,第四,使高中的语文教师具有不同于义务教育阶段语文教师的知识涵养、教书机智和教学风范。 第allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants i 3 页 共 8 页 n long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 二、从教材 ( 人教版 ) 编辑看选修课教学的 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 1. 选修教材的框架设计的基本思路 ?坚持文化和能力相结合的原则,依托“文化”发展能力,同一种能力在不同的“文化”中不仅得到反复练习,而且突出了这种能力在一种“文化”中的特殊要求,同时,也改变了过去单一的以学文章知识为基础发展能力的做法。 ?保持传统教材框架,以选文为依托,采用单元,个别的按“课”“章”,形式成册。 ?绝大多数单元都有明确的专题,这种专题往往不是泛指的某个领域,《中国民俗文化》,,而是具体的一个知识内容,《中国文化经典研读》,或能力要点,《文章写作与修改》,。 ?单元的内容是按照学习的过程进行设置,例如,《新闻阅读与实践》的单元就是按照“引子,知识讲解,” ? “阅读” ? “实践”顺序编写,改变了以往几篇瞄一点的编法,。 ?强化相关阅读,如有比较阅读、链接阅读,使得专题的学习比较到位,比较完整,并且可以达到扩大视野、丰富积累、加深探究、梳理整合的目的。 ?“思考探究”,练习题,设题的范围更广泛,更灵活,更具有探究,讨论、欣赏,的价值,而不是仅局限于文本。 2. 人教版选修教材对课堂教学的规定 。?进行专题学习。改变单一文本学习的方式,即围绕“专题”建立文本之间的联系,整合单元内容,优化学习过程,形成内容专一、过程序列化的教学。 ?从运用、审美、探究的角度切入教学。改变单一的以知识为中心用文本作解证,说明,的教学设计惯例。 ?在领悟言语内容的基础上学习言语形式。改变仅限于词句理解的语言学习,把语言学习放到篇章乃至文化的范围内去学习、掌握 [ 注 ] 。 ?实现开放式教学。围绕专题确立适合学生的学习内容,可以对原有的专题作出调整,可以适当做拓展学习,可以补充相应的学习 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ,可以在现有专题的基础上生成新的专题。 allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants in long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant ?实现在教师指导下的自主、合作学习。有专题,有阅读 指南 验证指南下载验证指南下载验证指南下载星度指南下载审查指南PDF ,有方法指导,甚至有的教材本身就有“自主赏析”和“推荐作品”,《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》,,有的教材还提供了学习过程,《文章写作与修改》 : 话题探究?知识导引?例文借鉴?写作实践,。 三、从教材使用看选修课的实施途径 ,一,依据学生实际,落实教材“专题” 。人教版选修教材确定的专题内容,相对来说具有一定的“专业性”。一些内容,对于初次接触的高中生来说,具有一定的难度。例如“入道互补”,学生恐怕对“儒道”都知之不多,更何况“互补”。鉴于此,需要依据学生实际,落实教材“专题”。 1. 选取恰当的“专题”切入点 。课例,《中国文化经典研读?儒道互补》 , 大兴北师大附中 方梦坤 课题,从义利之辨看儒道, 2. 对原有“专题”作适当的切分 。课例,《中国文化经典研读?儒道互补》 , 丰台二中 张海岩 课题,学《论语》、《老子》,看儒道互补, 3. 扣住“专题”内容,整合单元篇目 。课例,《中国现代诗歌散文欣赏?如真似幻的梦境—现代散文的虚与实》,大兴北师大附中李海霞 课题,现代散文的虚与实, 4. 依托一个文本,将“专题”内容融会贯通 。课例,《中国文化经典研读?春秋笔法》,丰台二中 陈巧梅 课题,守礼据实——感悟春秋笔法秉笔直书——彰显史家精神, ,二,围绕教材内容,确立新的专题 从开发课程资源、丰富专题内容、为学生提供更多选择的需要出发,并且考虑到对于一些程度较低的学生来说,教材中的一些专题的确具有一定的难度,在选修课教学中,可以“围绕教材内容,确立新的专题” 。 第allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants i 5 页 共 8 页 n long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 1. 确立“选修专题”的基本原则。, 1 , 落实《语文课程标准》的相关要求 。 “ 专题 ” 应是各种能力的整合点,有助于实现《语文课程标准》提出的目标要求,尤其是语文课程总目标的要求,“积累 ? 整合”、 “ 思考 ? 领悟”、“感受 ? 鉴赏”、“实践 ? 运用”、“拓展 ? 创新”。确立专题必须紧紧围绕这 20 个字的总目标,保证选修课程在发展学生语言运用能力、审美能力和探究能力,进而提高学生的语文素养方面所应发挥的作用。, 2 , 要依据选修教材的内容和目的要求。 “ 专题 ” 应是教学的切入点,是在教材的基础上确立适合学生学习的专题,目的还是为了完成教材规定的学习内容。例如,《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》,这本选修教材“诗歌之部”要求达到的知识目标主要有四点,第一,了解古代诗歌中常见意象,第二,准确把握诗歌的主题和抒发的情感,第三,了解《湘夫人》中即景起兴的手法,第四,了解古代诗歌的不同体式,歌行体、骚体、五言、七言等,。据此,在第一单元,可以设计的专题是,“具有特定意象的词语在古典诗歌中的使用”“主观感受和生活体验在诗歌理解中所起的作用”,在第二单元,可以设计的专题是,“丰富的人生阅历对诗人创作产生的影响”“变换的世风升沉与诗人创作之间的关系”,在第三单元,可以设计的专题是,“诗词声韵与诗意理解”“古典诗词的诵读与感悟 ” 。学生通过这些专题的学习,可以更好地掌握每一单元的学习重点。 , 3 , 要关注学生的现有水平和实际需求 。“专题”应是学生能力的生长点。例如,《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏》,在“散文之部”,教材有“散而不乱,气脉中贯”的专题。但若要以“气” 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 ,对于学生来说恐怕就有一定的难度。为此,可以设计这样的专题,“散文中的情理脉络”“散文中蕴含的作者心性”。为促使学生形成鉴赏不同风格散文的能力,可以设计这样的专题,“‘文无定格'中的鉴赏规律”“清新的语言与鲜活的情趣”“不同情趣散文的不同笔法”“自由创作中的共同规律”。 , 4 , 要兼顾“必修”与“选修”二者的关系 。以杜甫诗为例,学生在“必修”时就学习过杜甫的诗歌。作为“共同基础”,学生对杜甫诗歌的基本思想和创作特点已经有了基本的了解,要促进“个allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants in long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 性发展”,就可以联系“必修”学习过的杜甫诗歌,就他的思想或创作中的某一个方面作专题研究。可以设计这样的专题,“从《蜀相》看杜甫之‘忧'”“杜诗沉郁顿挫风格的具体呈现”。 , 5 ,要鼓励学生自主确立选修专题 。教师可以布置任务,提出问题,提供材料。学生根据任务、问题和材料,确定自己感兴趣并符合自身语文发展需要的一些专题,学生自主设立专题,不仅仅是丰富 “ 专题 ” 的问题,而且在这个过程中可以提升语文素养、增强语文能力。 2. “专题式教学”的实施要求 。, 1 , 对于每一个选修模块要有总体的专题设计。 专题不是越多越好,而是要保证确立的每一个专题都能够为实现教学目标服务。这样,就需要在每一个选修模块都有一个对专题的总体设计。例如, 《中国文化经典研读》可以考虑将“不避强御、胸怀天下的人文传统”作为一个大专题。围绕这个专题,精读第三、六、九三个单元的“经典原文”,《晋灵公不君》《求谏》《〈日知录〉三则》,,了解文章所传达的思想观点。在此基础上,按照“春秋笔法”“家国天下”“经世致用”三个单元专题再去设计小的专题,如“‘春秋笔法'下的春秋人物”“‘进谏'与‘纳谏'的历史得失”“学问家的社会责任”,等等。, 2 , 对于专题的研究要有一个比较合理的流程 。以往课堂,大多一节课为一个“板块”。而 “专题式教学”一般是以几节课为一个“板块”,即用几节课来完成一个专题的学习。例如,就一个专题,应当先安排学生搜集相关资料,之后围绕专题分析材料,接下来拿出研究的结果,然后与同学交流,最后完成专题作业。 3. 确立“专题”教学举例 。课例,《中国古代诗歌散文欣赏?创造形象 诗文有别》,崇文区广渠门中学 韩昆 课题,专题的二次选择与确立, 四、从教材内容看选修课对教师的要求 1. 要切实转变教学观念,调整对高中语文教学的认识,尤其针对选修课,更为迫切。 2. 要放弃“照本宣科”的幻想,深入做好教材的二度开发,建立起序列化的“专题”。 3. 要了解学生的实际水 第allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants i 7 页 共 8 页 n long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant 平,并找到与选修教材内容的契合点,因学生的现有水平与发展来施教。 4. 要探索选修课的教 学方式,建立灵活、有效、适应学生兴趣和个性需要的教学机制。 5. 要创建有助于考查学生“拓 展提高”程度,有助于促进选修课发展的考试形式。 allied mechanical maintenance group, lawn maintenance, plant protection group. Establishment of conservation of garden plants in long sections, professional engineers, professional technicians and other related jobs. 1, the maintenance lead responsibilities (1) familiar with the Group's foundations of political thought, technology, culture, work attitudes, feelings and emotions, habits and other personal problems, easy to work. (2) before work, quality of work, requirements engineering, safety, mechanical equipment and some of the technical issues seriously disclosure to workers, and keep the information in writing. (3) when assigning production tasks to the workers, to implement safety measures, complete the task to do self-examination record. (4) section chiefs be vanguard of work, must step forward are familiar with the relevant business, work in the field, hard, dirty work, heavy work need to be at the head of work to do "before charge in and retreat." (5) pay attention to every team, every process of close cooperation and coordination, based on the situation as any, check "play clean" construction diaries and day information. (6) the community "active conservation, waste crimes", section chiefs be sure to lead the staff do thrift and combat waste. (7) for violation of construction laws, adverse quality, safety and engineering progress of unusual to have the courage to succeed, stop. (8) Unity is strength, section chief is the core of the conservation work, so modest. 2, professional engineer job description of garden plants (1) implement the national construction engineering quality and safety standards, norms and regulations, combined with engineering, development, implementing specific measures. (2) to process the project has overall responsibility for all technical work, their sacred responsibilities given to technical work, according to the technical requirements, serious research ... Groups and plant groups. Section with garden plant