2013届高考英语一轮复习考案语法考点讲练第十三专题

nullnull知识盘点真题探究null  1.考题以辨析引导词的用法为主,以鉴别不同句型及领悟句意 为切入点对引导词的选取进行命题考查,既注重引导词之间的语法 功能差异又注重语意差异。2.将名词性从句与强调句型、定语从句、状语从句等融合起来考 查,以增强试题的综合性程度,既考查考生对基本知识的掌握运用,又 考查考生分析句式结构、辨析各种从句的能力。3.辨析what和that引导的名词性从句。考点1　主语从句　　主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,有时为了使句子结构平衡,知识盘点真题探究null避免“头”重“脚”轻,用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。That he was chosen made us very happy. 他当选了使我们很高兴。What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致了这次事 故还完全是一个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否来还是一个问 题。It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误,真 是遗憾。考点2　表语从句知识盘点真题探究null　　表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,放在系动词之后。The fact is that they are cross with each other. 事实是他们生对方的气 。The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替 他。注:从属连词because可以引导表语从句,引出的是原因;而why引出的 是结果。考点3　同位语从句　　在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从知识盘点真题探究null句一般用that, whether, who, which, what, where, when, why, how等 词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information等名 词后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。We haven􀆳t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪里去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有讨论。I have no idea whether he will come or not. 我不知道他是否来。注:有时为了平衡句子结构,把同位语从句和名词分离开。知识盘点真题探究nullWhen the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army. 当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定参军。考点4　宾语从句　　宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,一般放在动词、介词或形 容词后。一般来说,引导宾语从句的that可省略,但在下列情况下不 可省略: (1) 宾语从句被分割时:We don􀆳t doubt, in any case, that he keeps his promise.(2) 宾语从句不止一个时:Everyone could see what was happening and that poor Mary was nearly frightened.(3) 宾语从句 放在介词except, but, in之后时:He is a good student except that he is careless.知识盘点真题探究nullShe explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.她解析说 她来晚的原因是因为交通阻塞。I don􀆳t know whether / if they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢 这个地方。I was interested in what they were doing. 我对他们正在做的事感兴趣 。I􀆳m afraid that I have made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯了错误。注:(1)有时要用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他已经表明他是不会屈知识盘点真题探究null服的。(2)如do you think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接特殊疑问 词引导的宾语从句,疑问词要放在句首。What do you think is going on outside? 你认为外边出了什么事?(3)I / we (don􀆳t) think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接宾语 从句时,反意疑问句要与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。I don􀆳t suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎,是吗?(4)在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一致,但介词后的宾语从句 要用whether。知识盘点真题探究nullIt all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation. 这得看我们 能否得到他们的合作。(5)动词doubt如用于肯定句,其后的宾语从句要用whether / if引导,如 用于否定句或疑问句,则宾语从句要用that引导。I doubt if / whether our football team will win the match. 我怀疑我们 的足球队能否赢得这场比赛。I don􀆳t doubt that I can defeat him in the contest. 我相信我能在比赛 中战胜他。考点5　what引导的名词性从句知识盘点真题探究null　　what既有引导从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、 宾语、表语等),这时what相当于all that / everything that / the things / that等。What we can􀆳t get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东 西似乎比我们得到的要好。This plant grows best in what is now the United States. 这种植物在现 在的美国生长得最好。考点6　引导词who与whoever的区别　　whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who或those who,它知识盘点真题探究null既是从句的主语或宾语,又是主句的主语或宾语。而who只作从句 的主语或宾语,它引导的从句才是主句的主语或宾语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 帮助 救落水女孩的人值得表扬。Who will be elected the president doesn􀆳t make much difference to me. 谁当选总统对我来说不怎么重要。考点7　引导词what与whatever的区别　　whatever引导名词性从句时,与what差不多,但语气上更强些,相 当于anything that,有“……任何一切……”之意。知识盘点真题探究nullIt is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 一般来说,小孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。This is exactly what I want. 这正是我要的。考点8　whoever与no matter who; whatever与no matter what的区别whoever与whatever既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从 句;no matter who与no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。Whoever (= No matter who) you are, you can􀆳t pass this way. 不管你 是谁,你都不能通过这条路。Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁干了这件工作一定要知识盘点真题探究null得到报酬。考点9　名词性从句的语序　　名词性从句一律用陈述语序。No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years. 没人知 道百万年后人会是什么样子。考点10　名词性从句的语气1.表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的动词,后接that引导的宾 语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形 ”,should可省略。知识盘点真题探究nullBob􀆳s doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.鲍勃的医生 建议他休息几天。2.表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that引导的同 位语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原 形”,should可省略。This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. 这是我们唯一的要求:尽快解决这个问题。3.主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后面是that 引导的表语从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,should可省略。Her suggestion was that they (should) carry on their conversation in French. 她提议她们继续用法语进行对话。知识盘点真题探究null  1.(2011重庆) It is still under discussion 　　　     the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether　 　B.when　　　C.which　　　D.where【 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 与解析】A　句意:那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化 宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。本题考查名词性从句。“It”作形式主 语,“　　　     the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”是真正的主语。根据句意和题干中的“or not”可知 答案为whether。“whether...or not”意为“是否”。知识盘点真题探究null2.(2011山东) I􀆳m afraid he􀆳s more of a talker than a doer, which is      　　     he never finishes anything.A.that 　　B.when 　　C.where 　　D.why【答案与解析】D　句意:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家不如说他是 一个空谈家,这就是他总是一事无成的原因。在which引导的定语从 句中,is后面是一个表语从句。通过句意可知D项正确。知识盘点真题探究null3.(2011江西) The villagers have already known 　　　     we􀆳ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A.this 　　B.that 　　C.what 　　D.which【答案与解析】C　句意:村民们已经知道我们要做的就是重建这 座桥。分析句子成分可知have already known后为宾语从句。而在 该宾语从句中又含“　　　     we􀆳ll do”这一主语从句,该主语从 句缺少宾语,且表示“事物”,故用what引导。知识盘点真题探究null4.(2011天津) Modern science has given clear evidence 　　　     smoking can lead to many diseases. A.what 　　B.which 　　C.that 　　D.where【答案与解析】C　句意:现代科学已经给出了确凿的证据——吸 烟能导致多种疾病。本题考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知空 格处引导evidence的同位语从句,根据句意和句子结构可知该从句中 不缺任何成分,所以用that引导同位语从句。知识盘点真题探究null5.(2009全国Ⅰ) Could I speak to 　　　     is in charge of International Sales please?A.who 　 　B.whatC.whoever 　　D.whatever【答案与解析】C　句意:我可以同负责管理国际销售部的负责人 谈一谈吗?句中介词to后应为名词性从句,而从句中缺少主语和关联 词,whoever引导名词性从句,相当于anyone who,既作介词to的宾语, 又作is的主语。知识盘点真题探究