5英语专业四级词汇语法辅导--词汇篇

null词汇词汇词汇部分词汇部分从1996至2006年历年的考试真题来看，词汇部分的题目数量在13道至20道范围之内，四类题型（固定搭配、动词辨析、形容词副词辨析、名词辨析）的比例大致持平。null近义词辨析 词根词缀辨析 形近词辨析 固定搭配 近义词辨析近义词辨析After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ___. (2006-76) A. leaking B. trickling C. dripping D. floating She was standing outside in the snow, _____ with cold. (2004-60) A. spinning B. shivering C. shaking D. staggeringA B nullgeneral verbs specific verbs look/see/watch scan （细查，扫视） glimpse（瞥见，简短的一瞥） glare（怒目而视） stare（凝视） gaze（集中注意力看，凝视） glance（粗略地看一下，扫视） peep （窥视，偷窥） peek（瞥一眼，偷窥） peer（细看）Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion different ways of “looking” different ways of “looking”scan glimpse glare stare gaze glance peep peekHe _______ the doctor’s face for a sign of hope. I only caught a ________ of the parcel, so I can’t guess what was inside. They didn’t fight, but stood there _____ at one another. It is rude to _____. We _____ in wonder at the thing before us. “I must go ,” she said, _______ at her watch. He ______________ through the gate into the garden.scannedglimpseglaringstaregazedglancingpeeped/peekednullScan: 1. To examine closely. 2.To look over quickly and systematically: 扫视,浏览 glimpse: A brief, incomplete view or look. glance, glimpse 均指“匆匆的一瞥”，但是glimpse指“瞥见”, 是glance的结果。“take a glance at ...(看一看)的结果便是“get a glimpse of ...”(瞥见了) glare: To stare fixedly and angrily. Stare: To look at directly and fixedly: word can indicate curiosity, boldness, insolence, or stupidity gaze: To look steadily, intently, and with fixed attention. It is often indicative of wonder, fascination, awe, or admiration: Peer: peer is to look narrowly, searchingly, and seemingly with difficulty: 指肤浅地、注意地、似乎带点困难地看：she peered through her spectacles at the contract Peek: To look or peer furtively, as from a place of concealment. 偷窥词根词缀辨析词根词缀辨析Jimmy earns his living by ___ works of art in the museum. (2004-57) A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving A great amount of work has gone into ___ the Cathedral to its previous splendor. (2006-67) A. refreshing B. restoring C. renovating D. renewing Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ___ slightly in the afternoon.(2006-78) A. regained B. recovered C. restored D. revivedB B B 形近词辨析形近词辨析assure，ensure，insure，reassure assure，ensure，insure，reassure Practice Makes Perfect Practice Makes Perfect • Jimmy needed to __________ that his safe was properly locked. • Sara ________ed her motorcycle before she rode it. • No matter how bad you feel about your breakup, you can be __________ed by the fact that your ex feels even worse. • __________ your son that his piano playing sounds wonderful. • __________ that your daughter practices her dance routine.assureassureassure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示使某人确信（If you ASSURE a person of something，you promise them or tell them that）。assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭用that － clause。其常用结构为：assure sb. of sth.。 ①He assured us of his ability to solve the problem．他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。  ②We booked early to assure ourselves of（getting）good seats．我们及早订座以保证我们能得到好座位。 ensure ensure 1. ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即确保某事发生（to make sure that sth．happens）。ensure后可以直接跟 that-clause，并可以用复合宾语。常用结构为：ensure sth. ; ensure ＋that －clause ①To ensure the child‘s quick recovery，the doctor gave him an antibiotic．为使这个孩子尽快恢复，医生给他打了一剂抗生素。 ②Registration ensures delivery of mail．挂号寄邮件保证会送到。 ensure ensure 2. ensure也可以表示确保安全，免遭伤害。 To ensure freedom against tyranny反对暴政，维护自由 insureinsureinsure 意思是为防不测向保险公司付钱投保（to pay money to an insurance company against future disaster）。 ①My house is insured against fire．我的房子保了火险。 ②Are you insured for all risks？你是不是给自己保了综合险？reassurereassurereassure 表示安慰忧虑不安的人，使其安心，放心，恢复信心（to comfort someone who is anxious and make him ／her free from fear or worry；to bring back confidence to．．．）。 常用结构为： reassure sb．（about sth．）／reassure sb．＋ that-clause ①I was worried that my work wasn't good enough，but the teacher reassured me（about it）．我担心我的作业不够好，可是老师却让我放心。 ② The captain reassured the passengers about the strength of the ship．那位船长向乘客保证船很坚固，要他们安心。insure, ensure, and assureinsure, ensure, and assureTo help you remember when to use each word, keep the following three hints in mind: • You assure a person. • You insure your car. • You ensure everything else. Again, it is okay to swap ensure for insure unless it relates to protecting people or property against risks like floods, death, hurricanes, and the like. Assure cannot be used in place of either insure or ensure, and is the only word which should be used to relate to a person's feelings.Practice Makes Perfect Practice Makes Perfect • Jimmy needed to __________ that his safe was properly locked. • Sara ________ed her motorcycle before she rode it. • No matter how bad you feel about your breakup, you can be __________ed by the fact that your ex feels even worse. • __________ your son that his piano playing sounds wonderful. • __________ that your daughter practices her dance routine.ensureinsureassureensureAssure/reassurenullPreserve, reserve, conserve Preserve, reserve, conservePreserve, reserve, conserveI’d like to _______ three tables for supper tonight, please. One big problem today is how we can _______ our soil and water. He’s well __________. Nobody would guess that he is already 89. British people are often described as quite ______, unlike Americans. We must do everything possible to ________ peace in the world. There is now an easy way to _________ fruits and vegetables. His policy is to divide the work among all his subordinates, but he ________ the right to criticize. We must _______ our energy even more since we are not such an oil-rich country. conserveconservereservedreservepreservedpreservepreservereserveConserve:Conserve:1) to protect something and try to prevent it from changing or damaging 保存，保护，使其不受伤害；强调对有价值的东西非常珍惜 conserve our national heritage 保护我们的民族遗产 conserve wildlife in the area 保护这一地区的野生动物 2) use cautiously and frugally; 节约；强调节约,合理的使用 It is important to conserve energy 节省能源十分重要. He writes on both sides of the sheet to conserve paper. n. 果酱 reserve 留着....reserve 留着....1）hold back or set aside, especially for future use or contingency, or a particular cause保留，储备(强调为了将来的用途或某一特殊目的而保存、保留 ) We will reserve the money; we may need it later. 我们将把这笔钱存起来,也许以后用得着。 We must reserve some of this corn for next year's seed. 2）obtain or arrange (for oneself) in advance 预定 3) reserve the right to do sth. All rights (are) reserved. The management reserves the right to refuse admission. 管理不保留拒绝人员入内的权利。 n. Sth. that is reserved for particular purpose 保留地, 储备 Foreign exchange reserve外汇储备, a nature reserve 自然保护区 Reserved: marked by self-restraint and reticence preservepreserve1) keep in safety and protect from harm, decay, loss, or destruction保护，保存；防腐；保藏；不光是只「保留」，还强调保留下来「收藏」，使东西完好无损。防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。   We preserve these archeological findings. preserved meats I think these interesting old customs should be preserved Few of the early manuscripts have been preserved. 2) keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last保持，维持 preserve the peace in the family 3) to make something continue without change Some famous actress tried very hard to preserve their good looks. Preservative 防腐剂固定搭配固定搭配nullDuring the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging ___ in the street.(2010) A. about B. on C. over D. out He listened hard but still couldn’t ___ what they were talking about.(2010) A. make over B. make up C. make upon D. make out D D null You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase means _____.(2010) A. clearly B. very near C. quickly D. very hard I know the man by ___ but I have never spoken to him. (2001) A. chance B. heart C. sight D. experience B CnullGet, make, move, carry, catch, pull, pass, set, show, agree, stand,