英语代词分类

英语代词分类 1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为八类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、不定代词和相互代词。 2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 第一人 第三人称单数 第一第二 第二人 称单人称人称第三人称复 数阳性 阴性 中性 称单数 数 复数 复数 主 you (你) they (他们,I he she it we you 格 (我) (他) (她) (它) (我们) (你们) 她们,它们) 宾 you (你) them (他们,me him her it us you 格 (我) (他) (她) (她) (我们) (你们) 她们,它们) 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去 购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗,) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪 儿去了,) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他～) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年 谁教你们的英语,) / Help me!(救救我～) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给 他写信) 、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可3 以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁,) –It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you?he?I”的顺序表达。 如: Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿,) –You and me.(你和我) 5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况” 等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词 或者名词性从句。如:--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样,)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦,) –It’s 12:00.(12点) // It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 第一人 第三人称单数 第一人 第二人 第二人称单称复 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 称单数 称复数 数 数 形容 their (他们的,她们my your his her its our your 词(我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (它的) (我们(你们的,它们的) 性 的) 的) 名词 theirs(他们的,她们mine Yours his hers its ours yours 性 (我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (她的) (我们(你们的,它们的) 的) 的) 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如: Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗,) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经 常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主 语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如: This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿,) / Your ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小) classroom is very big, but 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如: A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋 友中有一个来看我。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个 特定的朋友来看我。) 4、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 第一人 第三人称单数 第二人 第一人称第二人称称单第三人称复 数阳性 阴性 中性 称单数 复数 复数 数 mysel fyourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves (我自(你自己) (他自己) (她自己) (它自己) (我们自己) (你们自己) (他们/她们己) /它们自己) 1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如: Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的) 2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如: The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好) 5. 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物 that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如: What’s this?(这是什么,) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ ---Who is it?(是谁,) ---It’s me!(是我～) 6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。 7、疑问代词: 英语中疑问代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁 的)等。详见相应句式。 8、不定代词:代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 单数 each either, the other, 复合不 / / one so 含义 (every) neither another 定代词 不可数 some no little, much / / / 含义 any none a little all / / 复数 few, others, many ones both 含义 a few the others ※ 注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything (任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some和 any 的用法: some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词 或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗,) any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰 可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋 友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗,) any friend.(随便带什么朋友来any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with 吧。) (2)all和both的用法: all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表 语、定语等。如:I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校 里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这 个还是那个,两个都要。) (3)every和each用法: every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念; each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示 单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be 动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以 用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (4)either和neither的用法: either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都 不”。 neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个 都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐 公车去还是坐轿车去,一个都不坐,我坐火车去。) (5)other、the other和another的用法: other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another 意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如: Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的several cakes. Do you really want 还要一块,) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书) another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用 the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如: This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢,) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。) others与the others的主要区别:others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the others指 “其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都 围着他们坐着。) (6)many和much的用法: many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连 用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在 这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧 失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用 于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如: There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多 少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。) (7)few、little、a few、a little的用法: few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如: He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果) (8)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗,)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做) (9)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、 which等。如: Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件 还是那件, / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些) (10)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如: I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。) (11)a lot oflots ofa number of( /large numbers of)a great deal ofplenty of的区别:五、、、、 个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词 也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many;plenty of“足够、 大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以 换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修 饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。 如:A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时 间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。) (12)none、no one、nobody的区别:no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟 of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式;none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物, 后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in None of my friends came his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。) 9、相互代词:表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之 间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。) 根据汉语意思填空: 1.______(我) am a worker. _______(你) are a doctor. _______(她) is a teacher. 2.This is_____ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is __________(我的)pen. 4._________(他们的) trousers are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give ________(它) to_____(我). 6. People get ________(他们的) money from_________(我). 7._______(他们) are new students. _______(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily. 8. These are _______(我们的) shoes. Can ______(我们) wear ______(它们). 9(Thank _______ for _______(你的) help. 10. _______(他) loves _______(她), and _______(她) loves _______(他),too. 11. _______(我) love _________(你), and ________(你) love _______(我)，too. 代词练习 1. Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves 2. I saw___ playing in the street at that time. A. them B. They C. their D. theirs 3. Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. Us C. our D. Ours 4. The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 5. Let me go and give the coat to____. A. he B. his C. himself D. him 6. Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman. A. She B. This C. It D. He 7. ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C. This D. It's 8. The bird built___ nest in the tree. A. it's B. her's C. hers D. its 9. Have you seen___pen, a black one? A. these B. my C. you D. hers 10. Sorry I have forgot ____ telephone number. A. yours B. him C. you D. his 11. Our room is big, but____ is bigger than____. A. their; our B. their; ours C. theirs; ours D. theirs; our 12. ____ is your sister? ----She is a nurse. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who 13 . ___ colour are your new shoes? ----They are brown. A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What 14. ____ has happened and ____ did it? A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what 15. _____ is that man over there? ----He's Mr Green. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who 16. ___ is bigger? ----The yellow one. A. Who B. Whom C. Which D. It 17. We ____ at the party last Sunday. A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself 18. "Make____at home." he said to his friends. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours 19. Let Tony do it by____. He is no longer a kid A. him B. his C. himself D. he 20. You are twelve now. ___ must look after___. A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. You're; yourself 21. The students often help___. A. one the other B. each the other C. one another D. two another 22. This blue suit looks better than the green ____. A. / B. one C. suits D. ones 23. He has one blue pen and two red____. A. one's B. those C. one D. ones 24. There is a pen on the table. Pass ____ to me,, please. A. this B. that C. it. D. which 25. Could you do___for me, please? A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything 26. The bottle is empty. There is___ in it. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 27. Did you find ___ in the room? ------No, we found ___ there. A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody 28. Listen to me. I have____ to tell you. A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new 29. Now I have ______ questions. Let's go to ask our teacher. A. any B. much C. some D. a lot 30. There are forty-four students in Class One. Nineteen of them are boys,___ are girls. A. the other B. the others C. others D. some others 31. Mr Smith has two sons. ____ is a soldier, ___ is a doctor. A. One; another B. One; other C. This; the other D. One; the other 32. There are many people in the park now. Some are boating. ____ are walking along the lake. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others 33. The glass is broken. Go and get____ . A. other B. another one C. .others D. the other 34. There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand. A. both B. all C. every D. each 35. ---Are these two books interesting? ----Yes, ____ of them are interesting. A. both B. all C. either D. neither 36. Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk? ____, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water. A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either 37. We should speak English as___ as possible. A.many B. much C. few D. lot 38. It's going to be a busy day today. I have____ work to do. A. a hard B. a lot C. many D. much 39. The film isn't interesting. ___ people like it. A. Few B. A little C. A few D. Little 40. She can speak ___ English now. A. a little B. a few C. many D. few 41. He has to stay at home. ___ he has a bad cold. A. This is because B. That's why C. So is it D. The reason is