什么是翻译？

北京环球时代学校 http://www.globaltimesschool.com/ 英语专业考研 MTI翻译硕士 专四专八 汉语国际教育硕士 日语专业考研等 什么是翻译 什么是翻译？翻译是把一种语言所 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的语言活动，它包含着一个对原文含义的理解逐步深入，对原文含义的表达逐步完善的过程。 翻译的标准：忠实而通顺。 The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a superiority of six-to-one, simply could not keep to schedule and lost 60000 men in one day. Primarily the Allied task was to utilize the resources of two great nations with the decisiveness of single authority. 论述文体的汉译要点 透彻理解原文，首先是准确掌握词义。必须注意研究如何辨析词义，正确判断词在具体的上下文中的涵义，必须比较熟练地掌握各种译词的手段。 论述文重视逻辑论证，翻译前必须仔细阅读原文，抓住中心，分析作者的论点和论证环节。 注意汉语论述文的用词倾向和风格。行文不宜过于通俗，即用俚语、俗语或方言，但也同时避免文白夹杂、不伦不类。 翻译英语句子的基本程序 紧缩主干：识别谓语形态。 辨析词义：判断确定词义。 区分主从：判断各成分之间的内在联系。 捋清层次：推断句子思维逻辑发展形式 调整搭配：调整各层次语序。 润饰词语：炼词炼句。 1——4属于理解阶段；5——6属于表达阶段 英语的一词多义 例：story This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. It’s quite another story now. Last December, the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refused to confirm the story Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. He will be very happy if that story holds up. The story of that actress is one of the saddest. 依靠上下文是辨析英语词义最重要的依据 例：light Light music; light loss; light heart; light step; light outfit; light voice; light work; light metal This light is too poor to read by. Will you light the fire for me? 练习： Although the recession has reached every corner of the planet, the impact is uneven. The world is scraping bottom in the deepest economic slump in a half-century. The functions of the federal government have expanded so much that there are few aspects of national life outside the area of its interests, if not its regulation. 词义的引申是英汉翻译的常用方法。它是对原文词义的延续或扩展，不能脱离原文词义的基本范围，不能带有随意性和主观武断性。 从具体引向抽象，特殊引向一般。 We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. He has not head for physics. Brain drain has been Egypt’s Number One concern—as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world. Now you can meet good Samaritans again, here, there and everywhere. 从抽象引向具体，一般引向特殊。 He is a valuable acquisition to the team. Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. To be sure, there always were and still are French admirers of German culture, virtues, philosophy, thoroughness, strategy, and music. 词量的增减，是翻译中一种常用的修辞手段，它可以使译文语句通顺、语义流畅，有效提高译文的可读性，利于读者理解和增加审美情趣。 By birth he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by instinct and training, a rebel. Several million of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades. For never was a story of more woe, that this of Juliet and her Romeo. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! He narrowly escaped assassination A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 正确处理英语的时态，使用“在、正在、正”，“着”，“了”，“过”。 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. There has always been a close cultural link, or tie between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music. And all the books I have read and forgotten—the thought that my mind is really nothing but a sieve—this, too, at times disheartens me. We see folks who have hit bottom. They are losing everything, jobs, families, homes. In therapy they experience mood swings, nausea, muscular aches. 被动的处理 It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means. When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place. Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world. Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country. Well, are you tempted after reading this advertisement? An invitation to come to the home for a meal or a longer visit is usually given by the hostess. Problems should be resolved in good time. We have launched our ceasefire initiative with no preconceived notions as to Soviet goodwill. On the other hand, it was necessary that the initiative be made so that it is on the record. It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation. 几种从句的翻译 When we can begin the expedition is still a question It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others. We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world. The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect. Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for. He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter. As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause. Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice. If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide. Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others. He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget. The difference is such that all will perceive it. 否定含义的体现 All this is not necessary. The responsibility is not altogether mine. Nothing in the world is difficult for the one who sets his mind to it. I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision. He has not sacrificed sense to sound but to words, so he fails to make the reader understand the verse, let alone enjoy it and delight in it. The error in calculation escaped the accountant. In fact, the willingness to experiment is one of the most striking features of China today, and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security. It is still raining hard outside; we may as well stay here over the night. He reiterated the administration’s counterargument that the defenses were still needed as insurance against cheating. The newspaper accounts are far from being true. There is no doubt that the novel stands distinctly apart from her other novels in tone and moral message, though not in theme. We cannot finish the work in the absence of these conditions. He is too sensitive not to notice that. This is a matter of no small consequence. There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces. 比较级的表达 Nothing is more important than the signal sent to Moscow by the President’s action. There is an old proverb, “love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this, “love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Many difficulties in the country were due less to any ideological reason than to nationalistic feelings. Of himself he (Picasso) said, “My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art.” The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes. 强调、倒装及插入语的翻译 Not a word did she say the whole two hours. We do have sufficient food and drink. It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of health. She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime. Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary effort. 几种长句、难句翻译法 In 1970, he was placed under house arrest when he refused to use massive force in suppressing worker riots on the seacoast. The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on what other forms of solutions are available. Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is incredible—about one in four. 练习： Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. These economic facts cannot merely be dubbed “inflation” as unemployment begins to rise, as profits start to fall, as interest rates soar, and as the cost of living is at record levels. This is due largely to the fact that many writers think, not before, but as they write. The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay raise last year because he hadn’t published a sufficient number of research papers. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. As we returned to house every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. The news that someone had fallen off through the passengers like wildfire, though many remained unclear for some time as to just what had happened. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. And while a man may feel like a cry, he has that ounce more nerve control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what counts. 8