nullnull 131804 王华鑫 赵园园 张佩荣 null IntroductionHow things changed for Chinese workers.
—The types of work.
—Social polices the government adopted.
— The labor force. (women and disabled)
—Working conditions.
Current situation.
The types of workThe types of work●General information
—Before the reform(1978):underdeveloped productivity
>80% people are engaged in farming.
—After the reform: the need of economic development
the tertiary industry (commercial, service industry) increased rapidly.
●1950s-1970s (under a planned economy)
—Be engaged in farming.
—A small number get higher education→ be guaranteed by the state
—Urban people :inheriting their parents' position.
nullIn the 1980s :(agriculture reform) The flow of rural works into urban areas.
Reasons:
-Free from agriculture production.
-Enterprises in urgent need of staff.
-State reduced restrictions on the labor force migration.
nullIn the 1990s(transition to market economy)
Switching from state jobs to jobs with private firms or self-employment.
Talented personnel with multi-ability come into being.
The jobs is no longer as stable as before.
nullRecent years (transition of development model) ●New forms of employment mushroomed
-jobs in foreign-investment firms
-service industry
-IT
-civil servants
●Traditional works are disappearing gradually.
Social polices the government adoptedSocial polices the government adopted
-Developing the economy
-Adjusting the economic structure
-Deepening reform
-Coordinating urban and rural economic development
-Improving social security system
Examples
Examples
●From 1998-2000: the government adopted the three-year plan for training. → 10million laid-off workers for reemployment .
●Vocational training institutions for 3.6million laid-off workers.
● In 2003: 280,000 people received training in starting their own business.
null The labor force. (women and disabled)The employment of women
In the imperial time
No official position, minimal physical activity
During Mao’s rule
No real decision-making job, the decreasing women’s discrimination
In present day
Placing great importance on women, providing legal guarantees null For example(291 million in 1990 to 337 million in 2003)
Establishing a maternity insurance scheme
The employment of disabled people
-60 million disabled people in China(24 million are of working age)
-Strengthening supervision and law enforcement
-Adopting preferential policies, supportive measures
Granting discount-interest
Poverty-alleviation loansFree vocational service
Job referral
Vocational trainingnullWorking conditions
·The changes of working time
Past:until Saturday afternoon
Now:national holiday (清明,端午等)
Salary
Health-care and insurance
Past:pension
Now:evacuation ··nullCurrent SituationFacing severe employment pressure
ReasonsHuge population base
Age structure of population
Population immigration
null Favorable conditions for solving China’s employment problems···Adhering to the principle of putting people’s interests first
Keeping to the concept of overall, coordinated, sustainable, development
Promoting the all-round development of societynull
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