英语自然发音基本规则
Rule 1
单音节词或多音节词的重音节中只有一个元音字母,且它位于辅音字母前或辅音字母
间 (即闭音节),则这个元音通常发“短音”(即元音字母的发音a[?], e [e], i [i], o [?], u[?])。例如:
Aa [?]: ask dad ant
Ee [e]: bed wreckage preference egg
Ii [i]: pig picture it
Oo [?]: box economy ox
Uu [?]: cut culture us upper
Rule 2
1) 单音节或多音节的重音节中有两个元音字母,第一个元音字母通常发“长音”(字
母本身音a[ei], e [i:], i [ai], o [?u], u[ju:]),而第二个元音字母不发音。例如:
Aa [ei]: cake tape insane gain raid ray
Ee [i:]: sea bee beat beach
Ii [ai]: like side lie pie die
Oo [?u ]: boat hope explode expose
Uu [ju:]: cute use build Tuesday
*Yy :type
*见到“元音字母+辅音字母+e”的组合,一般情况下该元音字母都读字母本身音。
(更多元音字母组合的发音见附表)
2) 一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,且在开音节中(以元音字母结尾的音节),既位
于音节的末端,通常发“长音”(字母本身音),例如:
he be me by sky hi no
Rule 3 元音字母出现在非重读音节中时通常弱读为[?]或[i]。例如:
again attack ago soda economy wreckage hippopotamus compatible
character suspect proceed specific talent objective
Rule 4 r音节
元音字母+r的重读音节称为r音节。在重读音节中
ar读[ɑ:],如far, large, arm;
er / ir / ur都读[?:] ,如term, her, sir, bird, hurt, nurse;
or 读[ ?: ],如horse, north, short。
在非重读音节中通常弱读为[?],如father, better,maker。
Rule 5 字母Y成为元音
1) 如果单词中没有a、e、i、o、u中任何一个元音,且y位于末端,则y的发音为[ai],
例如:cry fry fly sky spy
2) 两个音节以上的单词,y是词尾唯一的元音字母,通常y发[i] ,例如: sunny, sorry,
ready。
注意:当-fy作动词词缀时通常发[fai], -ty作名词后缀是通常发[ti],例如:
qualify 使合格,使胜任 quality 质量
clarify 使清晰,阐明 clarity 清晰
Rule 6 字母c和g的发音
字母c和g通常情况下发[k]和[g],称为硬音。当c,g后面紧跟着字母e,i,y时,
c通常发[s], g通常发[d?],称为软音。例如: face, page , fancy, Lucy, psychology,
college。
英语自然发音其它规则
1. 前一词的词尾辅音与后一词的词头元音的连读s [s]+y[j], z[z]+y[j], t[t]+y[j], d[d]+y[j],
[s]+ [j] = [? ] 例如:kiss you, as you
[z]+ [j] = [? ] 例如: lose you, choose you
[t] +[j] = [t? ] 例如:hate you, wait you
[d]+[j] = [d? ] 例如:behind you, lend you
2. 成音节[m ] [n ] [l], 如bottle, apple, garden, turtle.
3. 弹音(闪音)的读法
在轻音节中,[t]位于两个元音之间时,通常发成接近[d]的闪音。例如:forty, butter,
writer, twenty。
4. X在词头时,通常读成[z],例如:Xerox
5. 词尾加s的情况
清辅音结尾的词+ s,s发[s],例如: cups, drinks, jumps
浊辅音结尾的词+ s,s发[z], 例如:pens, dogs, pencils
[t]后面读[ts], 例如:cats, student’s, its
[d]后面读[dz], 例如:cards,
[s]、[z] 、[? ]、[? ]、 [t? ]、[d? ] 音后面+ es, 读[iz],例如:kisses, bosses, dishes,
churches, judges。
6. 词尾加ed的情况 (过去式过去分词等)
清辅音+ed读[t],例如:liked, mixed, helped,stopped
浊辅音+ed读[d],例如:filled, enjoyed, flied
t和d后面+ed读[id],例如:lifted, fitted, handed, minded
字母组合的发音
表1 辅音字母组合
组 合
发音
词 例
br
brave bring bread
bl
blue black block
cl
climb class clerk
cr
cry cream cross
ch/tch
church catch watch
ch
[k]
chemical character
dr
drop drink drive
fl
flag flow flu
fr
frank fresh fruit
gl
glad glove glass
gr
green gram grape
gh
在词尾读[f]
laugh cough rough
在词尾不发音
weigh high through although
在词头读 [g]
ghost
在词中不发音
night light tight eight
pl
play please plus
pr
pray print praise priest
ph
[f]
Eelephant phone graph photo
qu
[kw]
question quarter queen quality
sc
scan scare screen score
sh
shy cash finish rubbish
sk
skate skill skin ski
sl
sleep slide slim slow
sp
speak special spell spider
squ
[skw]
square squeeze squirrel
st
stamp star stairs steak
tr
trade tramp country train
wr
[r]
wrong write
ng
[?]
bring sing sting cling
表2 元音字母组合及其发音
1) 含字母a的组合及发音
组合
发音
词 例
ai
[ei]
afraid fail wait mail
air
[e?]
chair fair hair stair
al/all
[?:]
call chalk walk hall
are
[e?]
care prepare compare square
war
[w?:]
war award warm
quar
[kw?:]
quarter
au
[?:]
author autumn August daughter
aw
[?:]
law dawn draw
ay
[ei]
day lay delay Malaysia
2) 含字母e的组合及发音
组合
发音
词 例
ea
[i:]
sea beach peach seat lead
[e]
bread dead instead ready
[ei]
great break jeans steak
ear
[i?]
ear fear appear clear near
[e?]
bear pear wear tear
[?:]
early learn pearl search
ee
[i:]
bee greet speed sweet
eer
[i?]
beer deer cheer peer engineer
eigh
[ei]
eight neighbor weight
ew
[ju:]
few knew news dew
[u:]
blew drew flew grew
3)含字母i的组合及发音
组合
发 音
词 例
igh
[ai]
high light fight bright night
ie
[i:]
believe field niece thief
在单词结尾读 [ai]
die tie lie vie
ire
[ai?]
fire desire admire tired
4) 含字母o的组合及发音
组合
发 音
词 例
oa
[?u]
coach goat load road soap
oar
[?:]
aboard board roar hoarse
oi
[?i]
boil soil noise voice coin
old
[?uld]
bold cold gold hold
oo
[u:]
balloon cool mood tool
[u]
good cook foot wood
oor
[?:]
door floor
ore
[?:]
before more score shore
ou
[au]
aloud shout proud cloud out
[u:]
group soup you route
[?]
couple touch courage trouble
oun
[aun]
announce bounce pronounce noun
our
[au?]
our hour flour ours
[?:]
four your course
ow
[au]
how flower shower power tower towel
[?u]
low slow grow snow borrow bowl
oy
[?i]
boy annoy joy toy
5)含字母u的组合及发音
uy
[ai]
guy buy
ue
[u:]
flue glue blue
[ju:]
Tuesday fuel
ui
[ju:]
guilty suit build juice
[u]
fruit
表3 其它字母组合
ture
[t?? ]
picture feature future adventure culture
tion
[??n]
action preparation direction nation
在S后读[t??n ]
question suggestion digestion
sure
[?u?]
sure assure insure
[??]
pleasure leisure treasure measure
sion
[??n]
confusion decision occasion revision
[??n]
expression profession comprehension discussion
dge
[d?]
bridge edge judge knowledge
ious
[i?s]
delicious envious anxious previous precious
cial
[??l]
official racial superficial artificial social
tial
[??l]
partial potential presidential essential
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