缓释肥料对云南丘北小椒产量、养分利用率影响

缓释肥料对云南丘北小椒产量、养分利用率影响 缓释肥料对云南丘北小椒产量、养分利用率 影响 AgriculturalScience&Technology,2011,12(5):761—764 Copyright?2011,InformationInstituteofHAAS.AllrightsreservedSoiIandFertilizer EffectofSlowandControlledReleaseFertilizerson theYieldandNutrientUseEfficiencyofHotPepper ?J?,??? InUIU-beI DUCai-yan,DUANZong-yan,LUYao,HUWan-li,CHENShi-hua InstituteofagriculturalResources&Environment,YunnanAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.Kunming650205 Abstract[0biective】 Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheimpactsofslowandcontrolledreleasefertilizers(SCRF)ontheyieldofqiu. beihotpepper,itsnutrientuseefficiencyandenvironment.[MethodlUsingQiubeihotpepper(CapsicumfrutescensL.)astheexperimentaI material,westudiedthefertilizationeffectandenvironment-protectingeffectofSCRF.『Result]TheresultshowedthatSCRFcouldimprovethe agronomiccharacteristicsofhotpepper.Comparedtosinglyappliedcommonfertilizers,SCRFincreasedeconomicyieldbV2O.9o%and economicbenefiIby13234.35Yuan/hm,andtheratioofoutputtoinputwasimprovedby47.93%.1ncomparisonwithcommonstraightfertiliz. ersatsameNPKproportionandrate,SCRFincreasedeconomicyieldby5.26%andeconomicbenefitby5554.8OYuan/hm0.andtheratioof outputtoinputwasimprovedby9.91%.UnderthereduceduseofSCRFby20%,SCRFincreasedeconomicyieldby12.38%andeconomic benefitby9595.20Yuan/hmcomparedwithsinglyappliedcommonfertilizers,andtheratioo foutputtoinputwasimprovedbV65.95%.SCRF improvednitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumuseefficienciesby12.42—17.53,3.35— 5.24and5.37—14.02percentsrespectively.『Cond111. sion]AstheresultofmuchreducedNandPapplicationrates,SCRFwouldsignificantlyecono mizefertilizerresourcesandminimizethepollution causedbythelossoffertilizernutrients,whichisofpracticalimportanceforenvironmentprot ection. KeywordsSlowandcontrolledreleasefertilizer;Qiubeihotpepper;Yield;Nutrientuseeffici ency Qiubeihotpepper(Caps~umfrutescensL.),namedaf- teritsnativeproducingregioninQiubeiCountyofYunnan Province.hasacultivationhistoryofover350yearssincelate MingDynasty.QiubeiCountyhasbeenappraisedasthe "ChinaPepperTown"inNovember1999.wherethespecific terrainandpredominantnaturaIenvironmentalconditionsfos. teredthespecificspeciesofQiubeihotpepper.Famousat homeandabroadforjtsun_f0rmfruitsize.freshcolor.richlip— id,highv.1amincontent.hotbutnotnauseousintasteand deliciousflavor,Qiubeihotpepperservesasafinecondiment inpeople'slivesandisanelitepeppervarietycalled"Pepper KinginYunnan".Intheyearof2007.thecultivationareaof pepperinQiubeiCountyreached1.33x1Ohm.andperunit areayieldwas2047.5ka/hm.TheretherateofcommerciaI productionwasuDt095%andtheproductionvaluewasas muchasO.3billionYuan,pepperpr0ductionhasbecomeakey supportingindustry.Toachievehighyieldandqualityproduction ofpepper.muchfertilizersandrepetitiousfertigationsaresurely required,generallyonefertigationforharvestingforonceor twice.resultingintheIabor-consumingflawinproduction. Slowandcontrolledreleasefertilizer(SCRF)hasagreat significancetoguaranteefoodsecurity.benefitfarmer'sin. come,saveenergyandreduceemissionandprotectenviron- ment.Resultantly.moreandmorestudiesonthefertigation effectandenvironment-protectingeffectofSCRFhavebeen performedworldwide.Inwheatproduction.fertigationof SCRFcanenhancenitrogenuseefficiencybyslowingnutrient releaserate-2j.QUJun-Fengeta1.[3Jfoundthaturea- FormaldehydeSCRFcanremarkablyenhancebananaquality. Received:May16.2011Accepted:May20.2011 SupportedbySpecialFundforAgro-scientificResearchinthePublic Interestfr0mMinistryofAgriculture(200903025-05)andFundfrom KunmingMunicipalScienceandTechnologyCommittee f08SO102011. 术COrrespOndinqauthor.E-maiI:duanzongy@163.com reducefertigationtimesandimprovenitrogenuseefficiencyin comparisonwithconventionaIfertilizersundersameapplica. tionrate.SCRFcouldbeappliedonceasbasefertilizer, whichreducesfertigationlaboring,fertiligationtimesandappli- cationamount-sj.Ithasremarkableeffectinenhancingcrop yieldandqualityandalleviatingfertiligation-causedenvironmen-? taIpollution-7j.However.thesestudiesaremostlycarriedout underIocaIconditionsandtheresultsarealwaysregion.specific. IessisknownforQiubeihotpepperconcerningthis. 1nviewofthis.weperformedastudyontheimpactsof SCRFOntheyieldofQiubeihotpepper.jtsnutrientuseeffi— ciencyandenvironmentusingfieldblockdesign,aimingat providingtheoreticaIbasisforthereasonablefertiligationof pepperproduction. MaterialsandMethods Experimentalmaterials TheexperimentwasconductedinDalongshuVillageof ShupiTown,QiubeiCounty,YunnanProvinceduringMay— October2010.ThegardensoiItestedsharesfollowingphysi. cal'chemicalproperties:pH=6.64,OM29.6ofg/kg.total nitrogenof1.5g/kg,totalphosphorusof2.0g/kg,totalpo- tassiumof16g/kg,alkali-hydrolyzablenitrogenof65.02mg/ kg,availablephosphorusof1O.06mg/kgandavailablepotas— siumof11O.52mq/kg.Thefertilizerstestedincludecommon urea(N1>46%)withpriceof90Yuan/package,ordinarysu perphosphate(P2O5?16%)withpriceof30Yuan/package, potassiumsulfate(K,O/>50%)withpriceof280Yuan/pack. age.SCRFlongfermNAMinhibitordevelopedandprepared byShengyangInstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademy ofSciences,N:P2O5:K2O=20:10:20.Peppervarietytested wasQiubeihotpepper(CapsicumfrutescensL.)reservedby locaIfarmers. Experimentaldesign Randomizedblockdesign,including15blocks(5treat. mentsand3replicates.perblockareaof20m)wasem? pl0yeclasfollows:?CK(control,nofertigation);?conven— tionalfertigationoflocalfarmers(Conv—F,pureNof伽kg/hm, P2O5of180kg/hm,K2O15Oofkg/hm);?recommended fertigation(Opt—F,pureNof300kg/hm,P2O5of150kg/hm, K2O300ofkg/hm);?recommendedfertigation+NAM (Opt—F?NAM);?8O%recommendedfertigation(OPT)+ NAMinhibitor(8O%Opt.F—NAM1. Fertigationandmanagement FortheconventionaIfertigationoflocalfarmersandOpt treatment.fertigationdressingwasconductedinfourtimes (June22,July5,August3andSeptember1).Fertigationof twoSCRFtreatmentswasperformedonceasbasefertilizer. The30一doldpepperseedlingsweretransplantedonMay29, 2010andpepperfruitswereharvestatonetimeonSeptember 25.2010.whenperblockyieldwasmeasured.Otherfield managementswerereferredtotheroutinemeasuresoflocal farmers. NAMinhibitorwaswelImixedintofertilizersattherateof 7%o一9%infertilizerapplicationamountanddressedintothe field.Thefertilizerapplicationamountmeansthequantityof complexfertilizeratfractionof40%一45%orsingle—element fertilizerandorganic-inorganicfertilizerconversedintocom— plexfertilizer.Withmarketpriceof9000Yuan/t,complex fertilizerconsistsofcorecomponentsofNAMinhibitorandni— trificationinhibitorandothercomponentsincludinghumicacids andzeolitepowder. Samplingandanalysis Beforefertigation.1kaoforiginaIsolIat0—20cmsolI Iayerforeachsamplewascollectedaccordingtomixedsam— piingoffiveplotsinS-shape.ThesolIsampleswereair?dried andusedforthemeasurementofpHvalue,organicmatter, totalnitrogen,totalphosphorus,totalpotassium,availableni— trogen.availablephosphorusandavailablepotassiumrefer- ringtoroutinemethods. WholeplantsandsolIsamples(0—2Ocmsolllayer)were collectedatseedlingstage,resettlingstage,full—bloomstage andharveststageofQiubeihotpepperseparately.Foreachex— perimentaIblock.5—10brancheswerecontainedforeachsam— piing.TheplantsampleswereH2SO4一H2O2-digestionfor measuringthenitrogencontentviaKieldahImethod.thepotassi? umcontentviaflamephotometricanalysisandthephosphorus contentviavanadate—molybdate-yellowcolorimetry. AgriculturalScience&TechnologyVo1.12.No.5.2011 analyzingmulti—varianceanalysisbyDuncan'snewmultiple rangemethod(九=3.P<0.O5OrP<0.01).Thefertilizer useefficiencywascalculatedbydifferencemethod. ResultsandAnalysis E竹ectofdifferenttreatmeritsonpepperyieldandmain agronomictraits ApplicationofSCRFcouldimprovemainagronomictraits fr0mtheincreasedsingleplantfruitweightandsingleplant fruitnumber(Table1).PepperplantsinSCRFtreatmentdid notdifferinbranchingnumberremarkablyfrOmno—Fertigation treatment.butdidenhancesingleplantfruitweightsignificant— IY.Singleplantfruitweightisoneofthemostimportantfac. torscomposingpepperyield.Ourresultsshowedthatpepper plantsintheno—Fertigationtreatmentappeareddwarfand thin.theirsingleplantfruitweightwasremarkablyIowerthan thalinvariousfertigationtreatmentsatsignificantIeve1.Ofthe threefertigationtreatments,thesinglepepperplantweight wasfoundhighestinOpt—F—NAMtreatmerit,followedbVOpt.F treatment.andIowestinConv—F.ThissuggeststhatSCRFas basefertilizerappliedonceperformsbetterthanthatcommon complexfertilizer(Opt-FandConv-F).whichachievesorex- ceedstheeffectoffertigationmoretimesinroutinecultivation. savingmerit. thusproducingalabor— Inthisstudy,applicationofSCRFenhancedpepperyield significantly(Table1).Allfertigationtreatments(?,?,?, ()assumedayieldincreaseincomparisonwithno.Fertigation treatment(CK).lhanincreasingamplitudefrOm76.37%一 113.23%.whichindicateslhatbasaIfertilityofsolItestedwas poorandfertigation'~ouldremarkablyincreasepepperyield. ComparedwithConv—Ftreatment".Opt—F-NAMextremelysig- nificantlyincreasedpepperyieldby20.90%,while8o%Opt- F-NAM(20%reduceduseofSCRFassumedayieldin- creasebV12.38%.reachingextremelysignificantleve1.The resultsshowedthatcropyieldreducedwiththeIncreaseof fertilizerinput.whichisconsistentwithIawofdiminishingre- turnanddemonstratesthatConv.-Fdoesnotaccordwitheco-. nomicalfeftigation.Undersamefertigationratefamountsof N,P,Kandtheirproportions),SCRFperformedasignificant yieldincreaseof5.26%overOpt-F.ThisindicatesthatSCRF caneffectivelysavefertilizersandremarkablyenhancecrop yield.OurresultsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofZHANG Yu—shueta1.LgJandZHULi—xiangeta1.1lOj. DataprocessingwasperformedusingDPSsoftwarefor Table1Effectsofdifferenttreatmentsonyieldandagronomictraitsofhotpepper Differentcapitalandsmalllettersineachcolumnmeansignificantat0.05and0.01level,respe ctively AnalysisofeconomicbenefitofQiubelhotpepperunder di什erentfertigationtreatments ApplicationofSCRFimprovedtheeconomicbenefitof pepperremarkably(Table2).Incompassionwithallfertiga- tiontreatments.no.Fertigationshowedloweryieldandgross incomewhileahigheroutput—inputratioof20.68.Thisis probalycausedbythereducedinput(fertilizerandlabor1due tOnO-Fertigation.demonstratingthatchemicaIfertilizeristhe mostsubstantialinPOtinagriculturaIproduction.Incomparison withConv-Ftreatment.applicationofSCRFImprovedtheeco.- nomicbenefitofpepperremarkablyandsignificantlyenhanced theoutput-inputraliO0fpepperprOducliOn.Interms0finput, COnv-FtreatmentrankthefirstpIace0f9827.40Yuarhm. fOlIvedby80%Opl-F—NAMtreatmen10f6488.10Yuan/hm. DUCai-yaneta1.EffectofSlowandControlledReleaseFertilizersontheYieldandNutrient UseEfficiencyofHotPepperinQiu—bei763 Theorderofoutput—inputratioofvarioustreatmentswas8O% Opt-F-NAM>Opt-F-NAM>Opt-F>Conv—F.ofthem8O% Opt-Ftreatmentassumedthehighestoutput—inputratio.reac— hing8.93. 1naddition.underthesamefertigationrate.thegrossjn- come.netjncomeandinput—outratioinOpt-F-NAMtreatment wereincreasedrespectivelybV5.4.O.73and2.05percentsin comparisonwithOpt-Ftreatment.Thiscouldbeattributedtothe Table2Analysisofeconomicbenefitofhotpepper onetimedressingofSCRFlhateffectivelysaveIaborcost.Un. dersamefertigationrateoreven20%reducedfertigation amount,SCRFperf0rmsbetterthancommonfertilizers. TheresultsshowedthatthebenefitofSCRFcouldcanceI outthehighercostoffertigation.thusenhancetheeconomic benefitofcrop.whichisbasicallyconsistentwiththeconclu. sionsofWANGWei.mu…andLIUZhi.rongeta1._12]. TheaveragelocalmarketpriceofhotPepperis20Yuanperkg EffectsofvarioustreatmentsonN.PandKuseefficien- clesduringpeppergrowingseason N,PandKuseefficienciesvariedsignificantlyamongdif- ferentfertigationtreatments.Jnthepresentstudy.SCRFper- formedhighernutrientuseefficiencythancommonfertilizer treatmentsfConv—FandOpt-F)asshowninTabIe3.Fromthe inputamountofnutrientsforahectare.ODl-F-NAMtreatmen1 hada12oka-reClucednitrogenamount(reducedby28.57%).a 30kg-reducedphosphorus(P2O5)amount(reducedby 16.67%)anda15Okg—reducedpotassium(K,O)amount(re— ducedby50.OO%).TheN.PandKuseefficienciesduring peppergrowingseasoninOpt—F—NAMtreatmentwere12.42, 3.35and5.37percentshigherthanthatinCony—Ftreatment. Undersamefertigationrate(N,P.Knutrientsandtheirpro— portions),theN,PandKuseefficienciesduringpepper growingseasoninO'pt-F—NAMtreatmentwere5.4,0.73and 2.O5percentshigherthanthatinConv.Ftreatment.1nthe treatmentwith20%reducedfertigationamountofSCRF.the N.PandKuseefficienciesduringpeppergrowingseasonin Opt-F-NAMtreatmentwere17.53.5.24and14.02percents higherthanthatinConv-Ftreatment.Inthetreatmentwith equalproportionofN.PandKandequivalentnutrienta. mount,theN,PandKuseefficienciesduringpeppergrowing seasoninOpt?F-NAMtreatmentwere7.96.1.31and3.90 percentshigherthanthatinConv-Ftreatmentl13J.Ithasbeen reportedthatSCRFhada1O.1—29.7percentsofnitrogen useefficiencyhigherthancommonfertilizer.Separatelyusing differencemethodandtracermethod.ZHENGSheng-xianet a14]foundthatnitrogenuseefficiencyofSCRFwere37.5 and32.2percentshigherthanurearespectively.Thesere. portsaccordwiththeconclusioninthisstudythatapplication OfSCRFcaneffectivelyimprovefertilizeruseefficiency. Table3EffectsofdifferenttreatmentsonN,PandKuseefficiencyinhotpepper ConclusionandDiscussion SCRFcaneffectivelyregulatethediffluencerateofnutri- ents.makingthereleaseofnutrientsisochronouswiththe growthprocessofcrops.DressedonetimeSCRFisIabor- andtime-saving,aswelJaseconomicaI.whichnotonlyac- cordswithfarmers'expectationofreducingfieldmanpower. butalsoenhancefertilizeruseefficiency,reducesfertilizerap— plicationamountandprotectenvironment. FieldexperimentshowedthatSCRFcouldremarkablyen— hancepepperyield.SCRFcouldimprovetheagronomicchar— acteristicsofhotpepper.Comparedtosinglyappliedcommon fertilizersSCRFincreasedeconomicyieldby20.9O%and economicbenefitby13234.35Yuan/hm.andtheratioof outputtoinputwasimprovedby47.93%.Incomparisonwith commonstraightfertilizersatsameNPKproportionandrate, SCRFincreasedeconomicyieldby5.26%andeconomicben— efitby5554.80Yuan/hm.andtheratioofoutputtoinput wasimprovedby9.91%.UnderthereduceduseofSCRFbv 2O%.SCRFincreasedeconomicyieldby12.38%andeco. nomicbenefitby9595.2OYuan/hmcomparedwithsinglyap. pliedcommonfertilizers,andtheratioofoutputtoinputwas improvedby65.95%.SCRFimprovednitrogen.phosphorus andpotassiumuseefficienciesbv12.42—17.53.3.35—5.24 and5.37—14.02percentsrespectively.Astheresultofmuch reducedNandPapplicationrates,SCRFwouldsignificantly economizefertilizerresourcesandminimizethepollution causedbythelOSSoffertilizernutrients.whichisofpracticaI importanceforenvironmentprotection. Moreover,wemadeamixedslowreleasefertilizerusing inhibitorandcommonsingleelementfertilizer.Incomparison withf?m—coatedslowreleasefertilizer.itwellcombinesavaila. blenutrientandslow-releasenutrient.whichnotonlyaccords withtherequirementofcropduringthegrowingperiod,butal— sopossessestheadvantagesofsimpleprocessingtechnique andcheapprice.highlyreducingfertilizeramountandcost.It issuitableforIargescaleextensionandapplicationinroutine cropproductionandforsustainableagriculturalproduction, accordingwiththeChina'snationaIconditions.Inconclusion. developmentofmixedslowreleasefertilizerofslowrelease exclusive?