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英语礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用

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英语礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用英语礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, su...

英语礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用
英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary 英语礼貌原则在商务信函中的具体应用 摘 要:商务英语信函中的礼貌原则是一个非常重要的话题。作为国际商务活动中的重要载体,商务英语信函是国际贸易双方进行书面商务信息沟通的重要手段,在国际商务交际中起着举足轻重的作用。本文介绍了英语礼貌原则,以及其在商务信函中的具体应用。 关键词:礼貌原则;商务英语信函 随着全球经济一体化进程的不断发展,世界范围内的经济合作与交流也在不断增多。人们不可能跟自己的贸易伙伴一一亲自会面协商。这时商务信函就成了取代亲自拜会的一种便宜有效的沟通媒介。遵循礼貌原则有助于促进和发展同客户的关系,在促进达成新的业务方面起着积极的作用。 一、英语礼貌原则 在语言学的框架内,英语礼貌原则一般可以细分为如下几类: 1、策略原则 即尽量减少他人付出的代价,增加对他人的益处。这一原则较为适用于当我们在向别人发出动作时。根据这一原则可以得出以下两个结论。 首先,就祈使句而言,提供比要求要礼貌一些。如:have some more sugar 就比clean up the floor 要礼貌。 其次,在 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示请求时,间接比直接要礼貌一些。所以根据礼貌由浅至深的程度,直接的祈使句不如普通的疑问句礼貌,普通的疑问句又不如首先提出“是否可以做出请求”的疑问句礼貌。例如: conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary pass me the sugar. can you pass me the sugar? can i probably ask you to pass me the sugar? 这三句话的礼貌程度是逐步加深的。请求越来越不明显,从而给 听者更大的拒绝的自由。 2、慷慨原则 即尽量减少对自己的益处,增加自己付出的代价。这一原则较为 适用于当我们自己要发出动作时。当发出提供性的动作时,直接比 间接礼貌,如: let me set the table. i was wondering if i could possibly set the table. 当发出请求时,间接比直接礼貌。如: i want to borrow your car. could i possibly borrow your car? 3、称赞原则 即尽量减小对听者的批评,增加对听者的赞扬。这一原则一般分 为两类,一是否定式称赞——间接的批评别人反而说好话。如: -do you like my dress? -well, yes, but it’s not my favorite. 另外是夸大式称赞,一般出现在较正式的场合。如:thank you so much for inviting us. we had an absolutely wonderful time. 4、谦虚原则 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary 即尽量减小对自己的赞扬,增大对自己的贬低。同称赞原则一样, 谦虚原则也是分为否定式和夸大式。如: -you did brilliantly! -yes, did i? 或well, i thought i did not do too badly. 5、考虑原则 即尽量减少听者的不快乐,增加听者的快乐。这一原则主要体现 在以下三点: 首先是委婉语的应用。在谈到可能会造成听者不快的话题时,可 尽量使用委婉语,以尽量避免出现消极结果。如说she has a lovely figure 是礼貌的,而直接说she has a beautiful breast则是不 礼貌的。 其次,为了给听者更多的愉悦,在谈到愉快的事情时要使之尽量 具体。 最后,为了减少听者的痛苦,在谈到消极的事情时要尽量模糊。 如i was sorry to hear about your husband比i was sorry to hear about your husband’ s death 更礼貌一些。 从上面的论述中可以看到,礼貌原则是通过损益尺度、选择性、 权威性和社会距离尺度发挥作用的。这些尺度有的涉及与礼貌相关 的语境、场合(积极或消极、表扬或批评,肯定或否定等),有的 则涉及到了语言的形式(直接或间接、具体和模糊、疑问句与非疑 问句等)。对这些原则的归纳,表明了一些语言学家对英语礼貌语 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary言的观点,即礼貌语言是出于理性,目标性的策略,并认定语言礼 貌是普遍现象。 二、礼貌原则在商务英语信函中具体应用 1、运用礼貌语言 在商务英语书信交际中,经常使用的尊称语,亲呢语、祝颂语乃 至含蓄委婉语等都体现了礼貌原则。礼貌语言的使用,不仅能传递 给对方高兴、感激、愉悦等积极情感,同时还可以委婉地提出进一 步的要求,这样可以对商务合作的成功起到积极的推动作用。试比 较: a. your order no.85 for l00,000 yards of cotton prints art no.1002 is rejected.我们拒绝了你方85号关于订购货号1002号 印花布十万码的订单。 b. we regret to inform you that we have been unable to accept your order no.85 for 100,000 yards of cotton prints art no.1002.我们遗憾地通知你方我们已不能接受你方85号关于订购 货号1002号印花布十万码的订单。后一句比前一句恰当,因为后 一句比较含蓄,前一句则比较直接、生硬。因此,后一句就是礼貌 用语。 另外,我们还可以使用虚拟语气来使要表达的令人不快的意思显 得间接委婉。试比较: a. if another instance of this discrepancy between the sample and the goods received occurs, it will be very embarrassing. conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary 如果订货样品与收到的货物不符的情况再发生的话,会令人十分尴 尬。 b. if another instance of this discrepancy between the sample and the goods received should occur,it would be very embarrassing. 第二个句子比第一个句子更婉转,因此,它就较为 礼貌。 2、突出对方本位 在商务英语书信中,无论是给谁写信,我们都应从对方的角度来 看问题,考虑对方的处境,明白对方的难处,站在对方的立场上。 采用你方观点(you attitude)写信,说明我们理解对方、体谅对 方。因此,为了体现礼貌原则,在商务英语信函写作中。人称尽量 不使用i或we开头而应采用第二人称you或其物主代词或者 your(以突出you attitude。译汉时多使用谦辞(称对方为“贵方”, 而称自己为“本公司”,“我方” 等。例如: a. if you are interested in any of the items,please do not hesitate to tell us.如果贵方对任何产品感兴趣 请告知我方。 b. to meet your requirement. we are willing to make some concessions to cut 3, of our price if the quantity of your individual purchase is not less than 50 tons.为满足贵方要 求,如果贵方每次购买不少于50吨的话,我方愿意做出一些让步, 降价3, 。从以上例子我们不难看出,不管你的目的是提供信息、 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary 说服别人还是增进友谊,最打动人的词就是“you” 和“your” 。 3、使用委婉语气 在商务交流中,双方难免会有分歧(为了不因直接话语而冒犯他人,建议在商务英文信函写作中尽量使用温和、委婉的语气。要想表达委婉的语气在商务英文信函写作中可以适当地使用语义模糊的词汇,如 i am afraid ,i think,i believe,或运用虚拟语气,疑问句等形式。例如: a. i am afraid we cannot accept “cash against document on arrival of goods at destination”. 我方恐怕不能接受货到目的港后凭单付款的支付方式。 b. could you make payment by irrevocable l,c. 贵方可否用不可撤消信用证付款。除了以上几种表达方式以外,情态动词、条件句、被动语态过去时的使用也可以起到缓和语气的作用。委婉的语气可以避免对对方的直接命令或指责,易被人接受,对商务沟通起到推动作用。 4、展示人情味 中国人很重感情,人们互相关心,互相理解。尤其当对方发生了不幸或不愉快的事情时往往会向对方表达亲切或同情之意,并且会表示一定的理解和美好的祝福,这种写信人向收信人表达关心、理解或同情的方式我们称作“展示人情味”策略。俗说得好:“患难朋友才是真朋友”。其中真谛同样适用于商业伙伴之间的相处。当 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary 朋友遭遇不幸时,恐怕没有什么能比表示深切慰问的信更能让人感 激,更彰显礼貌了。例:we acknowledge receipt of your letter dated the 3rd this month enclosing the reprography of the insurance policy,we are regretful for your loss.(本月3日 来函和保险单复印件已经收到,我们对贵公司所遭受的损失深表同 情。)这是一封与遭受损失的公司就交货期限进行磋商的信函,信 中表达了己方对对方遭受的损失的同情与关心,充分体现了写信人 富有人情味的一面。 5、避免不和 避免不和在商务信函写作中,主要表现为当写信人不同意对方的 观点或不愿满足对方的要求或请求时,为了不造成对对方的直接否 定,维护对方的积极面子,在回信时写信人要避免直陈不同的意见。 a. we sincerely recommend you to accept our proposal as our stocks are getting lower and lower day and day, and we are afraid we shall be unable to meet your requirements if you fail to let us have your confirmation by return. (我们真诚 地劝告贵方接受我们的建议,因为我们的库存逐日减少。如果贵方 不立即确定,我们恐怕将无法满足贵方需要。)在此句中,如果把 recommend 该为advise 的话,就会不妥。因为advise 有一种居 高临下的涵义,好像非接受我们的建议不可,其实对方接不接受得 由自己决定,别人无权干涉。 conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary conditions. Eleven... Erected scaffold full shop Zhu BA fixed protection. (5) garbage and flue, with the laying of floors or install piping hole may refer to the reserve entrance requirements to protection. (6) when pipeline construction, surrounded by fortified fence, and obvious signs (ibid.). 2, elevator door: a fixed gate or fence and has the obvious warning signs. 3, stairs: (1) layered construction of stairs with temporary b. according to our records, you have not yet settled your account for electronic equipment supplied to you on 10th december and 20th january this year.(根据我方存档,贵方尚 未还清我方今年12月10日以及1月20日向贵方提供的电子设备 货物的资金。)作者用according to our records 这个间接缓和模 糊限制语来缓和对方未付款的事实。特别要注意,当双方观点不能 统一时,我们首先要理解并尊重对方的观点。如果对方的建议不合 理或者对您的指责不公平时,您可以据理力争,说明您的观点,但 注意要讲究礼节礼貌,避免用冒犯性的语言。 参考文献: ,1,王元歌(主编),商务英语信函写作,北京大学出版社,2007.09 ,2,冯莉,商务英语写作,吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2010.03 ,3, ,4,
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