高级英语第二册详细教案

高级英语II-1A Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 1. Hurricane: a tropical storm in which winds attain speeds greater than 75 miles (121 kilometers) per hour. The term is often restricted to those storms occurring over the North Atlantic Ocean. Incipient hurricanes usually form over the tropical N Atlantic Ocean and mature as they drift westward. Hurricanes also occasionally form off the west coast of Mexico and move northeastward from that area. An average of 3.5 tropical storms per year eventually mature into hurricanes along the east coast of North America, usually over the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico. Similar storms occurring over the West Pacific Ocean and China Seas are called typhoons and those over the Indian Ocean are called tropical cyclones. Hurricanes are given girls' names and typhoons are given serial numbers. The National Weather Service of the United States has used girls' names to identify hurricanes in the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico since 1953 and the names were given in alphabe tical order. A semi-permanent list of 10 sets of names in alphabetical order was established in 1971. This practice of giving girls' names to hurricanes changed recently. In 1980 a hurricane was given a man's name and was called Hurricane David. Hurricane season begins June 1 and ends Nov. 30. 2. Hurricane Camille: The storm lashed Mississippi and Louisiana for two days, Aug. 17- 18, in 1969. The death toll was 258. 3. Hurricane Betsy: The storm lashed Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana in 1965 from Sept. 7 - 10, causing the death of 74 persons. 4. Salvation Army: Protestant denomination and international non-sectarian Christian organization for evangelical and philanthropic work. It was founded by William Booth, with the assistance of his wife Catherine Booth. The movement, begun in 1865, was originally known as the East London Revival Society, shortly renamed the Christian Mission, and finally in 1878 designated the Salvation Army. A military form of organization, with uniforms and other distinctive features, was adopted in the interest of a more effective "warfare against evil." The organization has established branches in more than 75 countries throughout the world. Each country has its divisions and local corps, with a commander at the head of all. International headquarters are in London. The army operates hospitals, community centers, alcoholic and drug rehabilitation programs, emergency and disaster services, social work centers and recreation facilities. Support of the vast undertakings in all parts of the world depends upon voluntary contributions and profits from the sale of publications. 5. Red Cross: international organization concerned with the alleviation of human suffering and the promotion of public health. The creation of the agency was spurred by the publication of Un Souvenir de Solferino (1862), an account by Jean Henry Dunant(1878- 1910) of the suffering endured by the wounded at the battle of Solferino in 1859. Dunant, a Swiss citizen, urged the formation of voluntary aid societies for relief of such war victims. He also asked that service to military sick and wounded be neutral. The Societe genovoise d'utilite publique, a Swiss welfare 1 agency, actively seconded Dunant' s suggestion, the result being the formation (1863) of the organization that is today known as the International Committee of the Red Cross. The next year, delegates from 16 nations met in Switzerland and the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick of Armies in the Field was adopted and signed by 12 of the nations represented. It provided for the neutrality of the personnel of the medical services of armed forces, the humane treatment of wounded, the neutrality of civilians who voluntarily assisted them, and the use of an international emblem to mark medical personnel and supplies. In honor of Dunant's nationality a red cross on a white background--the Swiss flag with colors reversed--was chosen as the symbol (which in Moslem areas is replaced by a red crescent and in Iran by a red lion and sun). Today there are national Red Cross societies in over 100 countries of the world, each a self-governing organization, and two interntional groups with headquarters in Geneva: the International Committee of the Red Cross and the League of Red Cross Societies. The blanket agency for all Red Cross group is known as the International Red Cross. Detailed Study of the Text 1. Introduction: Face to Face with Hurricane Camille is a piece of narration. Simply defined, narration is the telling of a story. A good story has a beginning, a middle and an end, even though it may start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. Narration is concerned with action, with life in motion, with a meaningful series of actions. It revolves around people, called characters, in some kind of struggle or conflict against other people, nature, society or themselves. In the story the leading character is called the hero or protagonist and the people or forces he fights against is called the antagonist or the enemy. The actions, that is, incidents and events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings (chronological order). As the conflict develops, suspense and tension increase until the highest point or the climax of the struggle is reached. After the climax, the story quickly moves to a conclusion, which is sometimes called a denouement. Action (plot) usually dominates narration; however, some narratives focus on character, theme (the idea behind the story), or atmosphere (the mood or tone). Face to Face with Hurricane Camille describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. The story focuses mainly on action but the writer also clearly and sympathetically delineates the characters in the story. The hero or the protagonist in the story is John Koshak, Jr., and the antagonist is the hurricane. The first 6 paragraphs are introductory paragraphs, giving the time, place and background of the conflict--man versus hurricanes. These paras also introduce the characters in the story. The writer builds up and sustains the suspense in the story and gives order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings by describing in detail and vividly the incidents showing how the Koshaks and their friends struggled against each onslaught of the hurricane. The writer describes these actions in the order of their occurrence. This natural time sequence or chronological order holds the story together. The story reaches its climax in paragraph 27 and from there on the story moves rapidly to its conclusion. In the last para the writer states his theme or the purpose behind his story in the reflection of Grandmother Koshak: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important." Narration 1. What is narration? The method of development in which the writer tells a story to support a point. Essential Features a. Context--the writer makes clear what happened, when, where, and to whom 1.) There is a plot that involves escalating conflict between characters, between a person and her-/himself, or between people and nature or some other force. 2.) The conflict sets up an imbalance, a tension that a reader wants resolved, and that finally is. 3.) The setting places the events in a definite time period and particular location 4.) The events happen to a combination of round characters, the best of whom perform in ways that are unpredictable, yet ultimately consistent with their own individual personalities and motivations, and lesser personages. b. Point of view--the writer takes a consistent point of view in relation to the action, writing either as a participant (first person -- using "I") or as a spectator (third person -- using "he," "she," "it," "they"). c. Selection of detail--the writer focuses only on the actions and details that further the story and promote the point, minimizing or eliminating others. 1.) Expression of feelings 2.) Dialogue--direct quotes of what the characters say to each other d. Organization--the writer organizes the events of the story in a chronological order using time transitions. e. Purpose—there's a reason for telling the story. One way to find it is to complete the statement, "The moral of the story is..." 2. Why do writers use narration? a. To entertain b. To report c. To instruct Ultimate goal: to tell an entertaining story yet also bring readers to a clear understanding of a larger issue. 3. How can readers and writers tell narration from the other MODs? They can ask: a. Does something happen between people and people or people and outside forces? What happens? b. Where is the tension? c. How is the conflict resolved? d. Do characters dialogue with each other? Are there direct quotations? e. What kinds of feelings are brought out? f. What is "the moral of the story?" The more of these items which appear, the more likely it is narration. 4. How does one write essays with it? a. Determine an audience and purpose in telling the story--a broad instructive point it may make about human nature or the ways of the world. Who needs to have this information in order to have a more satisfying life? o Determining the audience and purpose helps the writer select details and events. o It also keeps him/her from wasting time developing a pointless essay. b.Context—Establish the setting of the essay, the world in which the action takes place, in the first paragraph or two. o Give the characters real names and include a capsule portrait of each--a one or two sentences or phrases that captures the personalities of the main ones. o State where the events take place using place names that could be found in an atlas, and/or describing items such that Spielberg's set dresser wouldn't have much trouble knowing what to get or where to put them. o Use time indicators: breakfast, afternoon tea, midnight, sunrise, almost noon, first, then, next. . . c. Keep a consistent point of view throughout the essay, writing either in the first or third person throughout. Eliminate any "you" or "your" that creeps into a sentence by revising it. d. Select details and events that serve a worthwhile purpose, but not so much that there is an excess of information that is ultimately boring. e. Organization: Give the information needed in the order that the reader needs it. Whether the story goes straight from the beginning to the end or uses a flashback or frame technique, keep the reader in mind. If words like "I forgot to mention earlier...," creep in to the text, write another draft in which the information appears where the reader needs it. An outline can help. f. For the most part, past tense is the most effective verb tense to use because it is the easiest for most readers to comprehend. Keep the verb tense consistent. g. Use time transitions (listed above) as needed but not obtrusively. 5. Thesis pattern: When {EVENT}, I learned {LESSON}. 6. How can one practice recognizing narratives? In outside reading (not English or reading textbooks), ?Practice looking for writing which tells one story ?Look for a conflict that causes tension ?Confirm that the paragraphs cause a tension to rise ?Identify the characters who interact with one another as they work through a conflict ?Monitor whether you feel a desire to know how it all turns out ?Verify that the overall text teaches a lesson If the tension rises as a result of the above then gets resolved, the text is probably a story. An Example and Outline for Narration Writing If assigned a narrative essay, start like this: think about one of the most important lessons that a person can learn from life. Recall how you came to learn it, list the major events, and develop them to write the story of how it happened for you. Organize it using this outline. I. Introduction which o Establishes the setting, characters, and time period o Identifies the event and the lesson learned from it in the thesis sentence o Uses a college level strategy II. Body o First major event o Second part of the story o Third part … o Climax, the high point in the narrative o Resolution in which the tension is resolved III. Conclusion To tell it with a flashback, include the current concern in the introduction, make the transition to the past, narrate the events in the body, return to the present in the conclusion, and explain the relationship of the past event to the present. 2. Face to Face with Hurricane Camille: All headings and titles are generally succinct and particular care is given to the choice of words. The aim is to present the article, story, etc. as vividly and as forcefully as possible to attract the attention of would-be readers. face to face: The phrase in this context means "confronting one another." This phrase connotes a sense of urgency and danger. The confrontation is generally with something dangerous, difficult or hard to resolve, e.g., face to face with the enemy, face to face with the tiger, face to face with the problem. 3. John Koshak, Jr.: Jr. is the abbreviation of junior. This term is generally used in the United States and is put after the name of a son to indicate he has the same first name as his father. The term Sr. (senior) is sometimes put after the name of the father. This is done only with men' s names. If the name continues into the third generation, Roman numerals ( I.II.III. etc. ) are used. This happens mainly among big, rich, upper class families, e.g. John Rockefeller I, John Rockefeller II, and John Rockefeller III. 4. Radio and television warnings ... Gulf of Mexico: The National Weather Service of the United States broadcast warnings of potential hurricanes. Warnings had sounded: Radio and television had broadcast warnings about the hurricane. August 17: Hurricane Camille devastated the area for two days August 17, 18. lashed: a specific verb, meaning to strike with great force, e.g. waves lashed the cliffs Gulf of Mexico: Most hurricanes in this area are formed over the Caribbean Sea and they move over the Gulf of Mexico to strike the Gulf States of the United States -- Florida, Mississsippi, Louisiana, etc. 5. It was certain ... the Koshaks lived: pummel: to beat or hit with repeated blows. The Koshaks will have to put up with many onslaughts of the fierce storm. Gulfport: seaport in S. Miss., on the Gulf of Mexico Miss: abbreviation for Mississippi the Koshaks: When a "s" is added to a surname and used with the definite article "the", the term, then, stands for the whole family. e.g. the Koshaks: the Koshak family, all the Koshaks in the family the Browns: the Brown family the Lis: the Li family 6. fled inland to safer ground: ran away to the interior of the country (away from the coast) where they would be safer. safer ground: The hurricane loses force as it blows inland and people away from the coast are safe from tidal waves caused by the hurricane. 7. coastal communities: people living together in towns, cities, villages, along the coast 8. aged 3 to 11: The youngest child was three years and the eldest 11 years old. The other five were older than 3 and younger than 11. 9. who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks: John Koshak' s grandparents left California and came to Gulfport to live with their son, John Koshak Jr. In capitalist countries especially in the U. S., children, when they grow up and start working, generally live away from their parents. 10. John, 37: elliptical, John who was 37 years old 11. whose business was right there in his home: His business office, workshop, etc. were all in his home. right there: exactly, precisely there (in his home) 12. all of Magna Products' ... on the first floor: all of: every one, every bit of, every piece of. It is used with a plural verb. Magna Products: name of the company owned and run by John Koshak Jr. engineering drawings: diagrams and sketches for machines art work: designs, models, pictures for the various toys first floor: in U. S., the ground floor; in Europe and Great Britain, the floor above this 13. Hurricane Betsy: see point 3 in Additional Background Material for Teachers' Reference 14. Koshak had moved his family to a motel: motel: a blend or portmanteau word, formed by combining parts of [mo(torist) + (ho)tell 15. W e' re elevated 23 feet:In British English one would probably say "We' re 23 feet above sea level." 16. we're a good 250 yards from the sea: We're at least 250 yards distant from the sea. a good: a general intensive, meaning "at least, .... full", e.g. we waited a good six hours 17. The place has been here ... ever bothered it: The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 18. we can batten down and ride it out: a metaphor, comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. batten: to fasten canvas over the hatches of a ship, especially in preparing for a storm ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without too much damage 19. The men methodically ... hurricane: The men in the house made all the necessary preparations to fight the hurricane and they went about their work in a systematic and orderly manner. 20. Since water mains ... and pails: They were afraid the water supply might be cut off so they filled the bathtubs and pails with water. main: a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc. 21. A power failure ... for the lantern: power failure: a breakdown in the supply of electricity check out: to examine (the batteries and fuel) and see if they were all right 22. John's father moved ... to the refrigerator: generator: a dynamo; a small machine for producing electricity wired several light bulbs: connected several light bulbs by wire to the generator. When the generator produced electricity these bulbs would light up. prepared a connection: Preparations were also made to connect, when necessary, the refrigerator to the generator. 23. gray clouds ... on the rising wind: scudded in: driven inland by the wind Gulf: the Gulf of Mexico rising wind: wind that was getting stronger and stronger 24. A neighbor ... with the Koshaks: whose husband was in Vietnam: This was 1969. The husband of this neighbor was in the American army fighting in Vietnam. sit out the storm: to stay until the end of the storm 25. Another neighbor... of his dog?: The dash in this sentence indicates that some words have been left out and the structural pattern has been changed from a statement to an indirect question. The sentence might read as follows:" Another neighbor came by on his way inlancl and asked if the Koshaks would mind taking care of his dog." come by: American English, to pay a visit 26. Wind and rain now whipped the house: a metaphor. Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip. 27. Stay away ... storm-shattered panes: stay away: keep far away from; don't go near concerned about: anxious, uneasy, worried about glass flying from storm-shattered panes: small pieces of glass flying around in the air when the panes of a window are shattered by the storm 28. As the wind ... through the walls: mounted to a roar: The sound of the wind gets louder as the force of the wind increases. The roaring sound indicates the wind has reached hurricane strength. seemingly: apparently; as if 29. With mops ... spreading water: The house was leaking very badly. The Koshaks had to use all the utensils they could lay their hands on (mops, towels, pots, buckets) to hold the leaking water. 30. At 8:30 ... the generator: power failed: electricity was cut off Pop: (slang) father; also a familiar term of address to any elderly man turned on the generator: started their generator to produce their own electric power 31. The French doors . .. windows disintegrated: French doors: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from top to bottom and they open in the middle blew in: burst open by the storm, the two adjoining doors (of the French doors) flew inwards gun-like reports: loud explosive noises like guns being fired windows disintegrated: windows broke up, windows broke into pieces 32. The generator was doused, and the lights went out:Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out. douse: to put out (a light, fire, generator, etc. ) quickly by pouring water over it 33. That water tasted salty: when Charlie licked some drops of water on his lips he found they tasted salty like sea water. From this he concluded they were in real trouble for it seemed the sea had reached them although they were 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards from the sea. 34. water was rising by the minute: Water was rising every minute. Water was rising minute by minute. 35. Everybody out the back door to the cars: an elliptical sentence showing the tension and urgency of the moment. The full sentence might read; "Everybody go o ut through the back door and run to the cars." 36. Count them! Nine!: elliptical "Count them! There are nine children!" 37. The children ... in a fire brigade: simile, comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire 38. the electrical systems had heen killed by water: The electrical systems in the car (for example the battery for the starter) had been put out by water (just as the generator in the house was doused). kill: to cause (an engine, etc. ) to stop (American English) 39. the water was too deep to flee on foot: The deep water made it impossible for them to try to escape by walking or running. 40. Everybody on the stairs: elliptical "Everybody go and sit on the stairs." 41. protected by two interior walls:The stairs were :protected by two walls inside the house, walls not directly exposed to the wind and rain. 42. The wind sounded ... yards away: simile, comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train 43. The house ... foundations: The house shook and was loosened from its foundations. 44. W ater inched its way up the steps: Water rose on the steps of the staircase inch by inch. 45. more or less taken responsibility ... two children: Charlie had to some extent taken upon himself the task of looking after the neighbor and her two children. more or less: rather; to some extent e.g. We hope our explanations will prove more or less helpful. to take responsibility for: to consider oneself answerable for The pattern for the phrase is: to take the responsibility for (of doing) something. 46. with outward calm: to appear calm (but to be worried in one's mind) 47. his voice lacked its usual gruffness: The lack of gruffness shows the old man's sincerity and solemn feeling. In this critical situation the old couple tenderly express their mutual love. 48. John watched ... crushing guilt: As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. lap: to move or strike gently with a light, splashing sound crushing: overwhelming 49. ferocity of Camille: the destructive force and power of the hurricane 50. Get us through this mess, will Y ou?: The capital "Y" in Y ou shows that the words were addressed to God. "will you" is a rough form of request. Here it indicates a request made out of desperation. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. mess: a state of trouble or difficulty Here it refers to the hurricane. 51. A moment later… through the air: personification, the hurricane acting as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air in one mighty swipe: in a big, hard, sweeping blow skim: to throw so as to cause to bounce swiftly and lightly 52. marooned group: a group of people who were helpless and isolated by the storm 53. Miami, Fla.: Fla. is abbreviated form of Florida, a southern state of the United States. 54. graded Hurricane Camille: classified the hurricane according to its destructive force and power (as the greatest recorded storm ... Hemisphere) 55. In its concentrated ... 200 m. p. h.: The hurricane was concentrated within a breadth of about 70 miles and in this area the hurricane threw or hurled out winds that reached nearly 200 m.p.h.). m. p. h.: miles per hour m. p. g.: miles per gallon r. p. m.: revolutions per minute g. p. m.: gallons per minute f. p. s.: feet per second 56. devastated everything in its swath: destroyed everything in its path swath: the space covered with one cut of a scythe; a long strip or track of any kind 57. It seized ... miles away: personification, the hurricane acting as a very strong person lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away 600, 000-gallon oil tank: an oil tank that can store 600,000 gallons of oil dump: to throw down something heavy with a bump 58. It tore ... and beached them: Three large cargo ships were torn free from the cables and anchors that held them and were grounded on the beach. moorings: cables, anchors, buoys, etc. that hold a ship in place to beach: to ground a boat on a beach 59. Telephone poles ... snapped them: simile, the sound of the snapping poles compared to the firing of guns 20-inch-thick pines: 20-inch-thick pine trees; pine trees 20 inches in diameter 60. a hurricane party ... vantage point: The people in the Richelieu Apartments held a party to enjoy the unusual and impressive spectacle of the hurricane because the apartment provided an unusually clear and broad view of the storm. a hurricane party: a party held especially for watching the hurricane spectacular: transferrred epithet, modifying the "storm" and not "vantage point", meaning impressive to see and strikingly unusual vantage point: a position that allows a clear and broad view 61. up the stairs--into our bedroom: elliptical. Everybody hurry up the stairs and go into our bedroom 62. She carried ... trailed away: Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. bar: a measure in music; the notes between two vertical lines on a music sheet trail away: to grow gradually weaker, dimmer 63. With two walls ... television room: Because the two walls of the bedroom where they were seeking shelter were breaking up, John ordered everyone to go into the television room. with: as the result of, because of, Examples: With the staff greatly reduced, they had to stop work. With the flood water rising rapidly, the residents on the banks of the river were evacuated. He was faint with hunger. bedroom sanctuary: the bedroom which was a place of refuge and protection into the television room: elliptical 64. Janis understood: Janis understood why her husband put his arm around her. At this critical moment when all their lives were in danger, John put his arm around her to encourage and comfort her. 65. Dear Lord ... what I have to: Janis prayed to God to give her courage to face what she had to face. She, her husband and her children might die in the storm. 66. W e won't let it win: We won't let the hurricane defeat us, kill us. These were words of self-encouragement. 67. Pop Koshak raged silently: Grandfather Koshak was furiously angry but he kept silent. He didn' t shout and curse the hurricane. 68. Without reason ... into the TV room: He did not drag the two pieces of furniture into the TV room for a special purpose. He did it mechanically and perhaps he felt he shouldn' t stand there doing nothing. The mattress, however, came in handy later on. a cedar chest: a box made of cedar wood a double mattress: a bed mattress for a double bed, a bed designed or made for two people TV room: room where TV set is kept 69. it toppled on him: The wall disintegrated and bricks and plasters fell on him. 70. Make it a lean-to against the wind: Put up the mattress as a protection against the wind. a lean-to: noun; a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building. The mattress was set up slanting, the bottom resting perhaps on the door-sill and the top part slanting inwards so that the adults could prop it up with their heads and shoulders, while the kids could sit under it. 71. Spooky flew off ... bookcase: The cat on the top of the bookcase was also carried away by the wind. a sliding bookcase: a bookcase with sliding panels 72. If the floor goes … on this: If the floor disintegrates, let's put the children on this wooden door. (The wooden door will help to keep the children afloat in the water. ) 73. The main thrust of Camille had passed: The direct and forceful attack of the hurricane had passed. 74. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees: metaphor; Bits of clothing were hanging on the trees as if decorating them with festoons. festoon: a wreath or garland of flowers, leaves, paper, etc. hanging in a loop or curve 75. blowndown power lines ... over the roads: simile, blowndown power lines compared to black spaghetti blowndown power lines: Wires carrying electricity were blown down by the wind. They lay in a tangled mess on the ground. black spaghetti: Italian noodles, generally white but called black here because of the black color of the power lines 76. returnees: a person who returns, as home from military service or to school after dropping out (American English) 77. trying to absorb ... their eyes: trying to fully understand the extensive damage and destruction which they saw all round them 78. What do we do? Where do we go?: These questions, which they asked themselves and each other, revealed their helplessness and desperate plight. 79. Before dawn ... refugee centers: The writer shows how rapidly the rehabilitation work was carried out. National Guard: in the U.S. the organized militia forces of the individual states, a component of the Army of the U. S when called into active Federal service civil defense: a system of warning devices, fallout shelters,volunteer workers, etc. organized as a defense of the population against enemy actions in time of war. The principal U.S. civil defense agency was established in 1950 and in 1961 civil defense functions were transferred to the Defense Department. move in: to come into the storm devastated area communications centers: places that provided postal, telegraph and telephone services 80. By 10 a.m. .... and bedding: Relief work was also started very quickly by the Salvation Army and the Red Cross. canteen trucks: trucks distributing food and drink to the refugees staffers: members of the Red Cross staff 81. household and medical supplies ... and car: furniture, kitchen utensils, medicine, etc. were quickly transported to the stricken areas and every means of transportation, plane, train, truck and car, were used. 82. The federal government ... business loans: The federal government also quickly supplied food, mobile homes, classrooms and loans to the stricken area. In these two paras the writer tries to show how rapidly and efficiently relief and rehabilitation work is carried out in the U.S. He also tries to show the deep concern for the stricken people shown by the different strata of American society from the federal government to individual volunteers. mobile homes: homes that can be moved or transported easily from one place to another portable classrooms: mobile classrooms low-interst, long-term business loans: to provide capital to businessmen so that they can start new business, factories, companies, etc. 83. Camille, meanwhile ... over the Atlantic Ocean: raked its way: metaphor. The word "rake" is used figuratively here meaning to attack and devastate as it moved along. rampaging floods: violent, raging floods mountain slides: the fall of a mass of rock, snow, earth, etc.down a mountain slope; avalanche breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean: the storm clouds finally dispersing as the hurricane reached the Atlantic Ocean 84. he pitched in with Seabees: He set to work energetically with the Seabees. Seabee: members of the construction battalions of the Civil Engineer Corps of the United States Navy, that build harbor facilities, airfields, etc. Seabee stands for CB, short for Construction Battalion. 85. The children appeared ... power of the hurricane: Although the children were still frightened by the force and power of the hurricane which they could not understand, it seemed their minds had not suffered in any way from their experience. 86. Janis had just one delayed reaction:Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. (A few nights after the storm, she awoke suddenly at 2 a.m., went outside and began to cry softly. ) 87. picking through the wreckage of the home: picking up things that might still be useful from the wrecked home 88. It could have been ... wrath of the storm:Going through the wrecked home picking up things could have a depressing effect, but it didn't. When they picked up some useful things they felt as if they had won some kind of a victory over the storm.each salvaged item: everything they picked up and that could still be put to use 89. But the blues ... the adults:But sometimes the grown-up people felt a bit unhappy and depressed. the blues: short for blue devils; a depressed, unhappy feeling (American colloquialism) 90. Let's not cry about what's gone:Let's not complain uselessly(express vain regrets) about what's happened. 91. W e'11 just start all over:We' 11 just start doing everything again from the beginning. over: adverb, meaning afresh, again 92. W e lost practically ... nothing important:These two sentences are rather important for they express the writer' s theme or purpose-human lives are important and not material possessions. The family came through it: The family survived the storm. Key to Exercises I. Las V egas: Las V egas city is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada. In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people. Revenue from hotels, gambling, entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries forms the backbone of Las V egas' s economy. Its nightclubs and casinos are world famous. The city is also the commercial hub of a ranching and mining area. In the 19th century Las V egas was a watering place for travelers to South California. In 1855-57 the Mormons maintained a fort there, and in 1864 Fort Baker was built by the U.S. army. In 1867, Las V egas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada. (from The New Columbia Encyclopedia ) II. 1. He didn't think his family was in any real danger. His former house had been demolished by Hurricane Betsy for it only stood a few feet above sea level. His present house was 23 feet above sea level and 250 yards away from the sea. He thought they would be safe here as any place else. Besides, he had talked the matter over with his father and mother and consulted his longtime friend, Charles Hill, before making his decision to stay and face the hurricane. 2. Magna Products is the name of the firm owned by John Koshak. It designed and developed eductional toys and supplies. 3. Charlie thought they were in real trouble because salty water was sea water. It showed the sea had reached the house and they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave. 4. At this critical moment when grandmother Koshak thought they might die at any moment, she told her husband the dearest and the most precious thing she could think of. This would help to encourage each other and enable them to face death with greater serenity. 5. John Koshak felt a crushing guilt because it was he who made the final decision to stay and face the hurricane. Now it seemed they might all die in the hurricane. 6. Grandmother Koshak asked the children to sing because she thought this would lessen tension and boost the morale of everyone, 7. Janis knew that John was trying his best to comfort and encourage her for he too felt there was a possibility of their dying in the storm. III. See Detailed Study of the Text, point 1. IV. See Detailed Study of The Text, points 15, 17, 18, 32, 35, 38, 48, 50, 62, and 86. V. 21.科谢克家的屋顶一被掀走,约翰就大喊道:“上楼——进我们的卧室!数一数孩子是不是都在。”在倾盆大雨中,孩子们挤在一起,大人把他们团团围住。祖母科谢克用一种恳求的语气说道:"孩子们,让我们——起唱支歌吧!”孩子们都吓坏了,根本没有反响。老祖母独自唱了几句,声音越来越小,慢慢就没了。22.客厅的壁炉和烟囱塌了下来,碎砖乱进。由于他们卧室这个隐蔽所的两面墙都开始要塌,约翰命令道:“进电视室!”这是离飓风风头最远的一间房间。 23.约翰用一只手搂了搂他的妻子。贾尼斯心里明白他的意思。由于风雨和恐惧,她浑身颤抖。她一面把两个孩子紧紧拉在身边,一面在想:亲爱的上帝啊,给我力量,让我经受住我必须经受的一切吧。她对飓风充满愤恨。我们一定不能让它得胜。 24.父亲科谢克默默地在发怒。他为不能干点什么去与飓风卡米尔斗争而感到懊丧。他毫无目的地把一个杉木箱和一个双人床垫从一间卧室拖到电视室。这时,风把一堵墙一下就刮掉了,并吹灭了提灯。另一堵墙在晃动,在摇晃,查理·希尔试图撑住它,结果墙塌在他身上,砸伤了他的背。房子在摇颤,在晃动,它已经从房基上挪开了25英尺。整个世界好象要碎成几瓣。 25.“让我们把床垫竖起来!”约翰对父亲大声叫道。“把床垫斜靠着挡挡风。把孩子弄到垫子下面,我们可以用头和肩膀把垫子撑住!” 26.大一点的孩子趴在地板下,小一点的一层压在他们上面,大人们弯着腰,把这九个孩子挡在他们下面。地板倾斜了。盛着一窝小猫的盒子从架上滑下来,一下子就在风中消失了。斯普琪从一个嵌板 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 柜顶上吹走。也消失了。那只狗紧闭双眼,缩成一团。又一堵墙塌了。水拍打着倾斜的地板。约翰抓住一扇还连在壁柜墙上的门,对他父亲大声叫道:“如果地板塌了,把孩子放到门板上面。”27.就在这一刹间,风稍稍小了一些,水也不涨了。随后水开始后退。飓风卡米尔的中心过去了。科谢克一家和他们的朋友活下来了。 VI. See Detailed Study of the Text, points 20, 24, 25, 31, 32, 38, 56, 62, 70, and 84. VII. 1. Destroy is a general word with few overtones beyond its emphasis on force and thoroughness [ the cyclone thatdestroyed dozens of houses in the town]. Demolish and raze are generally applied to big or substantial things, such as buildings or other edifices. A building is demolished if smashed to pieces and razed if levelled to the ground. Demolish, unlike raze, is often used figuratively of the reduction of any complex whole to ruins [to demolish a theory with a few incisive comments]. Raze is used almost invariably of buildings or their remains [to raze the upright timbers left in the aftermath of the fire]. Annihilate is the most extreme word in this list, and literally means to reduce to nothingness. As more commonly used, however, it denotes a severe degree of damage to a thing or person. An army may annihilate an enemy force by so damaging it as to render it incapable of further offensive or defensive action, but without literally removing all traces of its existence. A debater may be said to annihilate his opponent if he defeats him decisively. 2. Decay implies gradual, often natural, deterioration from a normal or sound condition [his teeth have begun to decay]. Rot refers to the decay of organic, esp. vegetable, matter caused by bacteria, fungi, etc. [rotting apples]. Spoil is the common informal word for the decay of foods [fish spoils quickly in summer]. Molder suggests a slow, progressive, crumbling decay [old buildings molder away]. Disintegrate implies the breaking of something into parts or fragments so that the wholenss of the original is destroyed [the disintegration of rocks]. Decompose suggests the breaking up or separation of something into its component elements [a decomposing chemical compound]. It is also a somewhat euphemistic substitute for rot. VIII. 1. television = [ tele + vision], a combining form "tele-" plus a noun "vision". Further examples: telecast, telecommuni-cation, telecourse, telegram, telegraph, telemeter, tele-phone, teleplay, telescope, etc. 2. northwestward = [north + west + ward] or [northwest + ward], "-ward" a suffix meaning in a (specific) direction or course. Further examples: seaward, windward, home-ward, eastward, backward, inward, outward, upward, etc. 3. motel = [mo(torist) + (ho)tel], a blend or portmanteau word formed by combining parts of other words. Further examples: smog [sm(oke) + (f)og], smaze [sm(oke) + (h)aze], brunch [br(eakfast) + (1)unch], galumph [gal- (lop) + (tri)umph], moped [mo(tor) + ped(al), ] etc. 4. bathtub = [bath + tub, ] a compound word formed by combining two nouns. Further examples: bathrobe, bath-house, bedroom, roommate, bookcase, headband, hous-maid, housekeeper, housefly, lawbook, etc. 5. returnees = [return + ees], a verb plus a noun forming suffix"-ee' designating a person in a specified condition. Further examples: employee, refugee, divorcee, consignee, examinee, mortagee, nominee, internee, escapee, lessee, etc. IX. Free. Student's choice. X. See Detailed Study of the Text, points 18, 26, 37, 42, 51, 57, 59, 74, and 75. XI. Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense