全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲

全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲 全国高中生物奥林匹克竞赛考试大纲 一、 细胞生物学和生物化学 1(细胞结构、功能、分裂(细胞周期:可用放射性标记物进行研究) 细胞膜控制物质进出的功能:选择透过性(协助扩散、主动运输) 内吞和外排作用 细胞骨架:微丝、微管等 原核细胞(典型的原核生物:蓝藻和细菌)与真核细胞的区别 有丝分裂实验步骤及所用到的材料 2(DNA、RNA(核酸)组成单位、空间结构及其变性、复性等问题。 蛋白质的组成单位、空间结构及其变性、复性等问题。 3(提取DNA的实验(原理、过程、注意问题) 4(DNA复制过程、转录、翻译过程(中心法则) 5(鉴定蛋白质、脂肪、还原性糖(及淀粉:直链淀粉和支链淀粉)的方法、颜色变化 6(电泳方法 7(蛋白质的差异(结构上)和氨基酸(20种)的差异 8(血红蛋白的功能、结构(猪、人、牛的某一区段相似:功能相似—携带氧) 9(酶的特性及其影响因素:相关实验 10(蛋白质类型:组合蛋白和功能蛋白 二、 遗传学及进化理论 1(遗传学三大规律:分离、自由组合、连锁与交换、伴性遗传(常、性染色体;性别决定) rAt present, we have formed a "three-three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities 2(生物的变异:基因突变、基因重组、染色体变异 3(原始生命的起源过程、现代进化理论、人类起源 自然选择学说主要 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 生物进化的证据:最可靠:化石 比较解剖学:同源器官和同功器官 胚胎发育学:早期具有相似的特征:尾和鳃裂 考点提示: (一)遗传病及其分析 1(常染色体显隐性遗传病、性染色体显隐性遗传病 2(计算发病率、预测某家族未来发展趋势 3(单基因遗传病、多基因遗传病、染色体异常遗传病 (二)数量遗传与质量遗传的特点 (三)群体遗传平衡定律(哈德—温伯格定律) (四)袁隆平:3系杂交水稻及杂交育种 细胞核不育和细胞质不育问题 (五)复等位基因 三、 动物学 (动物冬眠的生理意义:对寒冷和食物不足的一种适应 1 2(昆虫的变态(完全变态和不完全变态) 3(动物分类学(无脊椎动物及脊椎动物的主要类群及其特点:初二第三册) 四、 植物学 1(植物主要类群及其主要特征(特别是种子植物:花的结构:初二第三册) approval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are noroval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and nd appvironment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination aservice. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business ennment ner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize goverrea of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manting aPark, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starustries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" ng indve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leadithe roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next dec-nt, we have formed a "threerAt presewed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiest allo2 2(胞间连丝、植物导管与筛管及其作用 3(组织培养方法、优点 4(逆境生理:植物在反常环境里(高温、低温、干旱、盐碱地等)所表现出来的现象。 5(光合作用:C3(卡尔文循环)植物、C4植物及其区别 6呼吸作用:三羧酸循环 7(植物生长素生理作用、发现实验(达尔文、温特等人的实验) 8(植物细胞质壁分离与恢复实验(原理及实验现象) 9(植物吸收矿质元素的过程:交换吸附与主动运输(与呼吸作用关系) 几种重要矿质元素及其重要作用 五、 人体生理及解剖学 1(几种不同肌肉的特点 2(三大营养物质(蛋白质、脂类、糖类)的消化、代谢过程及其相互间的关系 3(神经系统基本组成单位:神经元(细胞) 4(反射与反射弧的概念、组成;大脑皮层及其作用 5(神经传导方式(能看图判断) (神经纤维上传导及神经细胞间的传导方式) 神经递质: 6(激素调节功能及其应用 (1) 胰岛素与糖尿病(致病原因:大量食糖、缺胰岛素、肾脏病变:过滤功能或重吸收功能减弱) (2) 脑垂体与其它腺体(卵巢、甲状腺、肾上腺)的关系 eep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiesrs, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to kmatte stem, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approvalis ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval sy, it Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment ansfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service.... Trhe industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... al agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of tustriin particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, ind ge of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries,coveras, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full n the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roadthree" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs i-rAt present, we have formed a "three3 下丘脑与脑垂体的关系 性腺与个体发育的关系 (3) 其它激素:甲状腺激素、生长激素及其作用 (4) 蛋白质类激素:胰岛素及生长激素 7(血型及其判断、遗传学分析 8(眼球结构及其调节(眼睛近视及远视成因、纠正方法) 9(肺活量与肺通气 10( 抗体与抗原(免疫系统) 11( 肿瘤细胞的特点(无限增殖)、衰老细胞的特点 12( 遗传病及优生措施(产前诊断) 13( 植物性神经(交感神经和副交感神经)、迷走神经及其功能 14( 正反馈调节和负反馈调节 15( 血液循环系统(心脏结构、心动周期)、泌尿系统、生殖系统(初一生物书) 六、 微生物学 1(分类:病毒、细菌、放线菌、真菌、病毒(初中第四册) 2(真菌的分类:真菌门与地衣门(粘菌门) 真菌门(鞭毛菌亚门: 接合菌亚门:根霉属等 子囊菌亚门:酵母菌属、白粉菌属、羊肚菌属 担子菌亚门(最高级):蘑菇、木耳、银耳、猴头、灵芝等 半知菌亚门:皮肤癣菌、大部分青霉、曲霉等 wed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiest alloapproval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are noroval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and nd appvironment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination aservice. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business ennment ner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize goverrea of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manting aPark, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starustries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" ng indve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leadithe roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next dec-nt, we have formed a "threerAt prese4 3(细菌的新陈代谢类型(各种类型要知道几个典型的例子) (1) 异养厌氧型: (2) 异养好氧型: (3) 自养好氧型:硫化细菌、 4(细菌的生活方式 异养:腐生生活— 寄生生活— 自养:硫化细菌、硝化细菌等 5(应用方面:食品(食用菌的栽培;酸奶、酒、面包的生产) 治理环境:微生物治理方法 七、 生态学 1(生物与环境的关系 非生物因素与生物(太阳、温度、水等对生物的影响) (1)对植物的影响:(光合作用) 长短日照的植物 (2)对动物的影响: 各个地带的动物形态体形不同(为了适应各个环境而形成的) 生物因素与生物 种间关系:竞争、捕食、共生与寄生 种内关系:互助、斗争 2(生态系统 rs, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to kmatte stem, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approvalis ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval sy, it Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment ansfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service.... Trhe industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... al agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of tustriin particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, ind ge of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries,coveras, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full n the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roadthree" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs i-rAt present, we have formed a "threeeep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilities5 a(种群、生物群落与生态系统的概念 b(生态系统的成分及其结构(特别能量流动的规律、食物莲与食物网) c(生态系统的类型及其特点 热带雨林生态系统、草原生态系统、苔原生态系统、农业生态系统的特点及能量 分配、流动的规律 d(农作物与温度、太阳辐射的关系(农业生态系统) e(酸雨的形成及危害 3(环境污染问题 八、 生物技术 1(胚胎移植技术、克隆技术、胚胎切割、干细胞 2(单克隆抗体 3(基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程、发酵工程、蛋白质工程 九、 其他方面 1(离子的运输(透过细胞膜的运输:自由扩散、协助扩散和主动运输) 2(酶、激素的区别 3(生物的分界学说(两界学说、五界学说、六界学说) 担子菌亚门(最高级):蘑菇、木耳、银耳、猴头、灵芝等 半知菌亚门:皮肤癣菌、大部分青霉、曲霉等 3(细菌的新陈代谢类型(各种类型要知道几个典型的例子) (1) 异养厌氧型: (2) 异养好氧型: (3) 自养好氧型:硫化细菌、 wed to keep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiest alloapproval matters, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are noroval system, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and nd appvironment, it is ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination aservice. Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business ennment ner ... ... Transfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize goverrea of the industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manting aPark, industrial agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starustries, in particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" ng indve full coverage of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leadithe roads, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve three" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs in the next dec-nt, we have formed a "threerAt prese6 4(细菌的生活方式 异养:腐生生活— 寄生生活— 自养:硫化细菌、硝化细菌等 5(应用方面:食品(食用菌的栽培;酸奶、酒、面包的生产) 治理环境:微生物治理方法 stem, good digestion, implement the Government canceled, adjustment and devolution of administrative examination and approvalis ... ... Short Board, decide to change. We will continue to deepen reform of the administrative examination and approval sy, it Low efficiency of government services, departments do not coordinate the views of businesses large, poor business environment ansfer of the wood industry. This opportunity slip by, so the timing must be tight. Second is to optimize government service.... Trhe industrial park, planners need to take out plan, start construction as soon as possible, undertake in a timely manner ... al agglomeration. Currently, to focus on building better ... ... Industrial Park, ... ... Wood Park as the starting area of tustriin particular stone Materials, cans, gloves, through guided, force and other measures to promote the "road company" Park, ind ge of infrastructure and interconnection with the facilities and raise capacity. Each park to determine 1 leading industries,coveras, power supply, communications, water supply and drainage and sewage pipe network and other infrastructure, to achieve full n the next decade, based on the original, and then extended the 6 square kilometers. Of the Park, to further improve the roadthree" Park. …… Industrial Park, according to ... ... The instructions of comrade, focus on development needs i-rAt present, we have formed a "threeeep or disguised approval. To do list list of administrative powers and responsibilitiesrs, strengthen the existing supervision in matters of administrative power, has made it clear to cancel, are not allowed to kmatte 7