2017培优课英语词义猜测专题

(2015·北京卷·阅读理解C) The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily. 64.The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means. A.silently B.gradually C.regularly D.completely 【解析】选D。词义猜测 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。由第三段可知,有些动物可以延缓并散射光线,使光线偏离以前的轨道,另一些动物会吸收光线,使其dead止于以前的轨道上。根据这个逻辑关系dead应为“完全”止于以前的轨道上,故选择D项。 (2015·四川卷·阅读理解E) The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand. 47.The underlined part“lubricated the paths”in Paragraph 4 means. A.made the paths wet B.made the paths hard C.made the paths wide D.made the paths slippery 【解析】选D。短语猜测题。根据后半句可知,他们使用湿润的陶土或是牛的脂肪使这个路径变得光滑,这样才能更轻松地滑动石块。故 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 为D。 (2015·广东卷·阅读理解D) But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification. 1 42.The word stratification Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to. A.variety B.authority C.division D.qualification 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。stratification 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“分层”,此处指英国人好像喜欢把人分等 级,division表示“分开”,与stratification同义。 (2015·福建卷·阅读理解B) Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant,it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point. 61.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“”. A.one new thing B.a request C.the news D.some comment 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant一句可知这里的it指代的是the news。 Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn’t look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didn’t offend the nose so much,either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup! (2015·四川卷·阅读理解B) 36.What does the underlined word“offend”in the last paragraph mean? A.To attract. B.To upset. C.To air. D.To shut. (2015·福建卷·阅读理解E) Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate,then group training is an even better opt ion for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管)of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness cla ss that’ll keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you! 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据前面的It didn’t look that bad可知,看起来没那么糟,也没有……我的鼻子,说明闻起来也没那么差。所以upset(扰乱,使不适)为最佳。 73.The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means“”. A.cheerful B.average C.serious D.temporary 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。第二段中提到参加小组锻炼可以找到更多乐趣,那么这个小组一定是个愉快的小组。 (2015·江苏卷·阅读理解D) Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. 65. What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Countries where their people need help. B.Powerful states with higher civilization. C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D.Governments ruled with absolute power. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。文中one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses可知与D 项同义。 (2015·陕西卷·阅读理解D) 话题:父母教育孩子词数:295难度:★★★ Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class,also fail to help,according to the most recent study on th e topic. 58.The underlined expression“parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably means. A.parents’ expectation on children’s health B.parents’ participation in children’s education C.parents’ control over children’s life D.parents’ plan for children’s future 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下文including包含的内容可知,这些都是父母参与孩子教育的事情。 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解A) 话题:一台电视机带来的烦恼词数:274W难度:★★★ My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinu ed model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortuna tely,I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. 22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1? A.ended all their programs B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials D.showed all-night movies 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。sign off有“结束广播”之意,此处指所有电视台结束了它们的节目。 (2015·安徽卷·阅读理解D) In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy. 70.What does the underlined expression“take on”in Paragr aph 3 mean? A.Accept. B.Employ. C.Play with. D.Fight against. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的war和第二句中的attacking可知该段主要谈论的是蚂蚁与其他动物的斗争。故可猜测出take on的意思是“对抗”,即fight against。 (2015·天津卷·阅读理解D) Boldness means a decision tobite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize. 52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A.Swallow more than you can digest. B.Act slightly above your abilities. C.Develop more mysterious powers. D.Learn to make creative decisions. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下文“They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most of us realize.”可知,大胆实际上是我们拥有的潜在的能力:能量,技能,创造力等,甚至是比我们所意识到的大得多的体力。由此判断大胆意味着做超出你能力的事。 (2015·湖南卷·阅读理解B) This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building? 63.The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph4means“”. A.change B.lift C.repair D.decorate 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.得知或者提升整栋楼的高度来达到新街道的高度。根据语境得知此处表示提升,故选lift。 (2015?重庆卷?阅读理解D) Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. 48.What does the underlined word“They”refer to? A.Flooded waters. B.Wildlife journeys. C.Safari camps. D.Unique rides. 【解析】选C。代词指代题。根据上文内容可知,这句话的意思:它们因提供非凡的骑马经历 而享有极高的声誉。由此可判断出they指代的是前面的safari camps。 (2015·湖南卷·阅读理解A) It’s about time they had to be registered and insured,so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle,or cause an accident,at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim. -JML Write toViewpointsof the newspaper. 59.The underlined word“they”in the third letter refers to. A.accidents B.vehicles C.pedestrians D.cyclists 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle,or cause an accident,at least they can be traced得知此处表示骑自行车者。 (2015·浙江卷·阅读理解C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night:We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. 51.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to? A.The night. B.The moon. C.The sky. D.The planet. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night:We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling itwith light.中的night可知it一词指的是“夜晚”。 (2015·湖北卷·阅读理解B) 话题:保护地球词数:372W难度:★★★ What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles,Loe and her family grow,can(装 罐)and preserve much of the food they consume. 55.The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to“”. A.recipe B.substitute C.requirement D.challenge 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。Loe在做的事情向我们证明了对于一种现代自我种植的生活方式,大农场并不是必须的。requirement要求,符合语境。 (2015·四川卷·阅读理解D) And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?’.During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.” 44.What does the underlined word“nocturnal”in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Active at night. B.Inactive at night. C.Active during the day. D.Inactive during the day. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据前面的句子,再结合上下文语境可知,不仅知更鸟在人工光照下会一直醒着。乌鸫和海鸥也正在变得……。所以这里的nocturnal与前面的awake是近义词,表示“夜间活跃的”。 (2015·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C) The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida. 31.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to? A.Donations. B.Projects. C.Artworks. D.Documents. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由最后一段可知,这次展览是和其他一些机构合作完成的,其中the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg,Florida也参展了自己收藏的Dali创作的艺术品。