【精编】高考语文满分答题技巧
总结
初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf
传记类的文言阅读方法(目前最全的,高考想得满分的看一下)
第一版块:古诗文阅读与鉴赏
1(名句名篇默写题与文学常识题
2(诗歌鉴赏题
【第一步】五读:读题目、读作者、读
内容
财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容
、读注释、读命题。 【第二步】诗歌鉴赏简答题:
?第一种类型:分析意象类(意象即诗中描写的人、景、物)
常式问:这首诗歌营造了哪些意象,
变式问:这首诗歌为我们展现了一幅怎样的画面,或:这首诗歌描写了什么样的景物,
注意诗歌中有固定含义的意象:
?离别类:双鲤、尺素(远方来信)，月亮(思乡或团圆)，鸿雁(游子思乡怀亲或羁旅伤感)，寒蝉(悲凉)，柳(喻离别留念或代故乡)，芳草(离愁别恨)，鹧鸪鸟(叫声似“行不得也哥哥”，指旅途艰辛或离愁别绪)，南浦(送别之地)，芭蕉(离情别绪)，燕(惜春或恋人思念或物是人非的变迁，或传书叙离情或游子漂泊)，关山(思家)，长亭短亭(送别)，阳关曲(送别的歌声)。 ?情爱类:莲(音同“怜”表达爱情)，红豆(男女爱情或友谊)，红叶(传情之物)。
?人格类:菊花(清高)，梅花(不怕摧残敢为人先或保持冰清玉洁),松(傲霜斗雪坚守节操)，
?悲情类:梧桐(象征悲凉)，乌鸦(衰败荒凉)，杜鹃鸟或子规(象征凄凉哀伤或思家思归)，碧血(蒙冤枉而死或忠心不泯灭)，猿(悲伤)。 ?其它类:昆山玉(人才)，折桂(科举及第)，采薇(隐居生活)，南冠(囚犯)，柳营(军营)。东篱(高雅，洁身自好)
?第二种类型:分析意境类(意境,意象，情感)
常式问:这首诗歌营造了一个怎样的意境氛围,
变式问:这首诗歌为我们展现了一幅怎样的画面,表达了诗人什么样的思想, 这首诗歌描写了什么样的景物,抒发了诗人怎样的情怀,
答题模式:?找出诗中的物象、意象;?展开联想和想像，用自己的语言再现画面;?点明景物所营造的氛围特点，能用两个双音节形容词概括出来，如:雄浑壮阔、恬静优美、孤寂冷清、萧瑟凄怆等;?表达了诗人什么样的思想感情，或给人什么样的启示和思考。
A. 意境(氛围)特点术语有:
孤寂冷清、恬静优美、雄浑壮阔、萧瑟凄凉，恬静安谧，雄奇优美生机勃勃，富丽堂皇，肃杀荒寒瑰丽雄壮，虚幻飘渺凄寒萧条繁华热闹等。
B. 思想感情术语:
迷恋、忧愁、惆怅、寂寞、伤感、孤独、烦闷、恬淡、闲适、欢乐、仰慕、激愤，坚守节操、忧国忧民等。
? 第三种类型:分析主旨型(含情感及寄寓义)
答题模式:?分析具体诗句写了什么;?抒发了什么情感，暗寓了什么。 诗歌就题材(内容)的不同，可分以下10类，据此可了解诗歌主旨: accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
?咏史怀古诗:凭吊古迹古人来借古讽今;或感慨昔盛今衰，今不如昔;或渴望像古人一样建功立业。(写古迹古人，多用典故)
?托物言志诗:不直接表露思想情感，而是运用比喻象征拟人手法把自己的理想和人格融入一物象中。(常有松、竹、梅等意象)
?边塞征战诗:或抒写报国立功壮志;或征夫思家的思念;或对开边拓土穷兵黩武的统治者的讽刺和规劝。
?羁旅思乡诗:写游子漂泊的羁旅愁苦;或所见所闻所感触发的思念故乡的乡愁。(常有月、柳、雁、书信及梦境幻觉的描写
?送别留念诗:或表达别时留恋;或表达别后思念;或表白理想信念;或表达彼此勉励。 ?田园山水诗:借写山林田园的闲适美好，表达对世俗与现实的不满、向往宁静平和的归隐思想，或表达自己遗世独立，保持节操品性的情怀。
?即事感怀诗:或忧国忧民;或反映离乱;或渴望建功立业;或仕途失意闺中怀人;或讴歌河山。
?闺怨闺愁诗:或表达对戍边丈夫的思念,或写春光(青春)易逝,光阴不再的感伤,或表达对战争的厌恶。(我们认为不会考，但是课本中有，我们还是要了解一点。)
?第四种类型:表达技巧类(着眼于全篇整体或局部)
常式问:这首诗歌采用了何种写作手法,
变式问:这首诗歌运用了怎样的艺术手法(技巧),或:诗人是怎样来抒发自己的情感的,
答题模式:?准确地指出用了什么表现手法(抒情手法:直抒胸臆和间接抒情。修辞手法:正反对比、巧用比喻、妙用比拟、夸张得体等。表现手法:衬托、对比、虚实、大小等);?结合诗句分析，何以见得是用了这种手法;?这种手法表达了诗人怎样的感情或旨意。
写作手法(技巧)是一个十分宽泛的概念，大致包括4类:
第一种:描写景物的方法:
?从直接与间接的角度看有:正面和侧面描写，虚写(想象联想)与实写; ?运用修辞手法:比喻对比夸张比拟)(高考常考)借代双关反问设问、反问、互文;
3(运用表现手法来写:衬托对比渲染烘托引用典故(高考常考)象征、铺陈，白描。 4(从景物的动静角度来写:动景静景结合，或以动写静，以静写动;(高考常考) 5(从观察的层次来写:远看与近观结合，仰视平视与俯视结合;空间的上下结合，高低结合。
?从调动感觉的角度来写:视觉(形和色)，听觉(声)，嗅觉(气味)，味觉，触觉;或通感。
第二种:描写人物的方法
?从直接与间接的角度看，方法有:正面和侧面描写，虚写(想象联想)与实写; 2(运用具体描写手段:语言描写、动作描写、神态描写、外貌描写、心理描写、细节描写
?运用修辞手法来写人:比喻对比夸张比拟借代双关反问设问、反问、反语; ?运用表现手法来写:衬托对比渲染烘托象征、铺陈，白描。
第三种:抒情方式
1、直抒胸臆:直接运用抒情与议论的表达方式来抒发情感
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
2、间接抒情:托物言志(寓理)，借古讽今，用典抒情，借景抒情、寓情于景、(高考常考)
第四种:结构(构篇)方式
对比，前后照应，问与答，卒章显志，总分，虚实结合，(高考常考)过渡，详略，人称，设置悬念，欲扬先抑、
?第五种类型:语言炼字类
常式问:这一联中最生动传神的是什么字,为什么,
变式问:某字历来为人称道，你认为它好在哪里,
答题模式:?肯定“好”或肯定哪一个更好;?解释该字在句中的语表义和语里义;?展开联想和想像，把这个你认为“好”的字还原句中描摹景象;?点出该字表达了什么感情或烘托了怎样的意境
炼实词:动词，表颜色的词，拟声词，叠词，形容词和副词等修饰语(自，孤，独，冷等)。化动为静或化静为动。炼虚词:数词，连词，副词等。炼押韵(平仄:调换词序
注意:一般而言，五言诗在第三字，七言诗在第五字炼字
?第六种类型:分析诗眼类(或在全篇思想内容方面，或在全篇结构形式方面) 常式问:诗中哪一个词语(句子)在全诗中起什么作用,
变式问:诗中的哪一个词语(句子)是全诗的关键,为什么,
诗中的哪一个词语(句子)在全诗中具有统摄(总结)作用,为什么, 答题模式:(1)解释该字(词)在句中的含义(字面意义和实质意义)或肯定哪一个字(词)更好或该字(词)对突出主旨所起的作用。(2)展开联想和想象，用这个你认为“好”的字还原句中描摹景象。(3)点出该字(词)烘托了怎样的意境，或表达了怎样的感情，可以从该字(词)在诗中结构上所起的作用考虑
?第七种类型:分析句意型
常式问:这句诗好在哪里,
变式问:这句诗有什么含义和作用,表达上有什么特点,
答题模式:?阐明语表义，有时要发掘它的深层意思;?分析诗句在写景或抒情或写人方面的表达作用。?简要说明艺术效果。
?第八种类型:分析语言特色型
提问方式:这首诗在语言上有何特色,
提问变体:?请分析这首诗的语言风格。 ?谈谈此诗的语言艺术。
答题模式:?用一两个词或一两句话，准确点明语言特色(简练传神、凝练沉郁、入木三分、炼字精巧、一字传神、对仗工稳、语近情遥、庄谐俱见„„);?结合诗中有关语句具体分析这种特色;?阐述诗中用语表达了诗人怎样的感情。
语言特点类术语:含蓄、幽默、风趣、直露、平实、典雅、粗俗、自然、清新、优美、质朴。
3.文言文阅读(5题，21分)口诀:务求甚解，又不求甚解
预备知识一:如何读懂选文
(1)先读最后一道题目，了解大致内容和主要事件。(此题若是“选择正确的一项”则除外)
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
(2)然后带着“何人,”、“何时何地做何事,”、“结果怎样,”、“为什么,”等问题对文段用心地默读文章，以“事件”为依据对文章分层，理清文章思路。 (3)遇到实在不懂的字词，不必着急，同时必须用,或其他记号来提示自己放放先读下文，也许过后联系上下文进行推导自然能明白，或者可以到题目中去找答案。 预备知识二:官位变迁及官吏行为词:
1.表被任以官职的:征、辟、察、举、召、荐、进、称、补、作、表、为、就 2.表官职变化的:
(1)表任命的:授、拜、除、封;
(2)表提升的:擢、拔、陟、升、迁。
(3)表调动的:调、徙、转、改、放、出、出官;
(4)表降职的:左迁、迁谪、谪、逐、贬、诎(黜)
(5)表罢免的:夺、黜、罢、免、去、废、蠲;
(6)表恢复的:复、还
(7)表兼代的:兼(表兼任);领(兼代);权，行，假,署(代理); (8)表辞去的:辞、致政、告退、退、归故里
(9)跟俸禄有关的:俸、禄、秩、饷
(10)知(典、主)视事用事下车(伊始)掾丞洗沐乞骸骨致仕
预备知识三:其它出现频率较高的词语
(1)人称代词:第一人称(余吾予);第二人称(尔而女汝乃若);第三人称(之其彼渠厥)
(2)疑问代词:谁孰何曷胡焉安奚恶
(3)谦敬词语:请谨窃忝辱敢幸
(4)修辞词句:更衣山陵崩社稷中道崩殂
(5)兼词:诸焉盍旃叵
3.文言实词释义题:本题往往考查多义实词，古今异义词，通假字，偏义词及词类活用等知识点。
【答题技巧】:记住:实词理解题不完全在于考你是否记得实词意思，更主要是考你是否会利用上下文进行推测。掌握常见的理解和推断实词在文中含义的方法: 【相关知识】
一词多义的产生:?词的本义。如“(解)狐乃引弓送而射之”(拉开弓)。?词的引申义。如“我君景公引领西望”(伸长)，成语有“引吭高歌”。?词的比喻义。如“金城汤池”(比喻牢不可破)。?词的借代义。如“徒以口舌为劳”(代言辞)。?词的假借义。如“将军禽操宜在今日”(通“擒”)。
(重点掌握黑体词的古代常用但今天不常见的义项)
先(祖先、已经死去的长辈)课(督促劝说)秩(官吏的俸禄、十年为一秩)逸(马脱了缰绳、放纵)禁(皇帝居住的地方)对(回答或对话)如(到、往)掾(古代属官的统称)工(工匠、精巧、擅长)僭(超越本分、虚假不真实)容(宽容、或许、许可)贷(借出借入,宽容)狱(官司、案件、监牢)白(告诉)与(赞扬)多(赞扬)遽(急速、就、恐惧)尤(罪过过错、指责归罪)给(食用丰足)按(追究、考察、调查)赡(富足充足、供给供养)典(主持)令(美好)差(病好了)执(捉拿)延(延请)省(减免)谢(道歉、推辞、告诉)第(次第、官僚和贵族的住宅、科举考试的等级)
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
折(驳斥、指责使对方屈服)赧(因羞愧而脸红)竟(结束、完)坐(因„„而犯罪、因为)甫(才)寻(不久)造(造访)过(拜访、责备)弑(子杀父、臣杀君)用(财用、因为)
4.文言虚词题
【答题技巧】
1(先翻译每组学过句子中的虚词，再将这个意思套到另一句中来推断虚词用法是否相同。
2(具体辨析时，可在了解18个虚词基本用法的基础上，运用五点意识法:
5(性格表现题(句式题，古今异义题):
【答题技巧】:对六个句子进行三点审查:一审是直接还是间接;二审对象，看是不是题干中说的人物;三审性质，看是不是题干所说的性质特点。最后用排除法选择。
注意:如果要你分析概括评价文言文的观点态度，必须坚持:?历史唯物主义观点，既要注意评价者观点态度的积极意义，又要注意评价者的时代局限性;(2)必须持实事求是的态度，恰如其分地分析评价，不能无限拔高，也不能有意贬低。(3)可从以下几个方面考虑:看评价者对人民的态度;看评价者对统治者的态度;看作品在历史上有无进步意义;看作品在今天有无现实意义。
古今异义几种情况:
?词义的缩小。如“五谷”中的“谷”指“谷类”，今专指稻谷。 ?词义扩大。如“涉江”中的“江”指长江，今泛指江河。
?词义的转移。如“牺牲玉帛”中的“牺牲”指祭祀中的牛、羊等祭品，今义指献身。
?词义的感情色彩发生变化。如“先帝不以臣卑鄙”句中的“卑鄙”指地位低微鄙俗，今义指品质恶劣。
?古今同形异义。如“请指示王”句中的“指示”，在古代是两个单音节词:“指”(指出)和“示”(示意给人看)
常见古今异义如下:
1亲戚2妻子3中国4所以5无论6更衣7殷勤8卑鄙
9其实10春秋11结束12约束13中原14烈士15牺牲16虽然
17不好18根本19学者20地方21山东22县官23致意24从容 25便宜26故事27南面28可怜29以为30从而31至于32祖父 33不必34因而35智力36前进37即使38向来39因为40老大 (抓住文言文中单音词较多的特点，对双音词进行切分)
6.内容归纳题
【答题技巧】:找出文段中与选项解释相对应语句，一一对应。选项的叙述或分析的错误只在某一小点，主要是:
?个别实(虚)词故意译错;?人物的事迹张冠李戴;?事件发生的时间和地点错位;
?人物性格陈述不恰当;?凭空添加，无中生有;?强加因果关系。
7(文言文断句与翻译题
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
(1)在通读
全文
企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况
,了解大意的基础上,利用以下方法:
1(虚词标志法:句首常有“盖、夫、惟、凡、故、今、若夫、且夫、至于、至若”等虚词;句尾标志词有“也、乎、焉、矣、耳、哉、与(欤)”等虚词。 2(实词标志法:对话、引文常常用“曰”“云”“言”为标志，一般情况下碰到它们都要停顿;文言文谓语,可利用此特点在它之前找主遇,之后找宾语。 3(修辞标志法:为使文章达到句式整齐，语气连贯的效果，古人写文章经常运用对偶、排偶、顶真、层递、反复等修辞技巧，如果以此特点为依据，其准确性更高。 4(名物标志法:名词和代词常作主语(句首)和宾语(句尾)来断句。还要懂得古代文化常识，诸如年龄、称谓、纪年纪日、职官等方面的知识。
5(结构标志法:利用固定结构的成对搭配性(见后面常见固定结构)及位置的相对固定性,如有些关联词常常
能承前启后，它们前面一般可断句，如“是故、于是、是以、向使”等。 (2)文言文翻译题:
方法:做好“换、留、删、补、调“。一定要直译，不要意译，要字字落实，忠实于原文。
赋分点:
1(译准词义:实词(含词类活用、通假、偏义词，修辞语句)及虚词和固定结构。 2(译准句式(被动句，判断句，省略句，倒装句)。
3(译准句子语气(陈述疑问感叹祈使语气)和句间关系(并列转折因果等复句关系)
备查知识1:常见文言词类活用:
(1)名词的活用:(1)名词活用为动词:如“左右欲刃相如”(刃:杀)。(2)名词活用为使动:有“使„„成为„„”的意思，如:“先破秦入咸阳者王之”。(3)名词活用为意动:有“把----当作---”的意思，如:“稍稍宾客其父”、“粪土当年万户侯”(4)名词活用做状语:A.表特征状态，如“一狼犬坐于前”、“常以身翼蔽沛公”。B>表态度、方式，如“吾得兄事之”。C.表工具，如“有好事者船载以入”。D.表处所，如“相如廷斥之”。E.表趋向，如“操军破，必北还”。F.表频率，如“岁赋其二”。
(2)形容词的活用:?形容词活用做名词:如“斫其正，养其旁条”、“四美具，二难并”。?形容词活用做动词:如“上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王”、“敌人远我，欲以火器困我也”。?形容词的意动用法:如:“吾妻之美我者，私我也。”(认为-----怎么样。)(4)形容词使动用法:“王者不却众庶，故能明其德。”(使――明显);
(3)动词的活用:?动词的使动用法:“远人不服，则修文德以来之。”(使-----来)?动词活用为名词，如“则其至又加少焉”、“燕赵之收藏，韩魏之经营”。
备查知识2:常见文言特殊句式:
(一)判断句
(1)用“者，也”表判断:“„„者，„„也”、“„„者也”、“„„也”、“„„者„„”;
(2)“为”、“乃”、“即”、“则”或否定词“非，未，弗”等表判断。 (3)名词做所谓语直接表判断(刘备，天下枭雄。)
(二)被动句:
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
(1)单独用“于”“受”“见”或组合成“见„„于„„”，“受„„于„„”表判断。如:“内惑于郑袖，外欺于张仪”、“徒见欺于王”
(2)“为”、“为„„所„„”、“„„为所„„”表判断;如:“臣闻如姬父为人所杀”
(3)“被”(后起用法，如:周公之被逮)。
(4)意念被动(无词语标志):兵挫地削
(三)省略句:
(1)省略主语:如:“永州之野产异蛇，()黑质而白章”。
(2)省略宾语:“权起更衣，肃追()于宇下”。
(3)省略介词:“将军战()河北，臣战()河南”。
注意:“以，与，从，为，因”五介词常省略宾语。
(四)宾语前置:
(1)疑问句中，疑问代词作宾语，宾语前置。如:“沛公安在?”疑问代词(如:谁、何、奚、曷、胡、恶、安)
(2)否定句中，代词做宾语，宾语前置。如:“时人莫之许也。” (3)用“之”或“是”把宾语提前取动词前，以突出强调宾语。如:“句读之不知，惑之不解。”。如:“唯利是图”等。
(4)方位词、时间词做宾语时，有时也前置。例如:“业文南向坐。”(《史记?项羽本纪》)
(五)定语后置:
(1)者:如:“求人可使报秦者，未得。”;
(2)之:蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强;
(3)„„之„„者:“石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。”
(六)介词结构做状语后置:
(1)用介词“于”组成的介宾短语，翻译时要移到动词前作状语。如:“青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。”
(2)介词“以”组成的介宾短语，翻译时前置做状语。如:“具告以事。”(《鸿门宴》)。
备查知识3:常见固定结构(熟记黑体字部分)
一、表示疑问
?何以„„?(凭什么„„?)?何所„„?(所„„是什么?)?奈何„„?(„„怎么办?为什么„„?)?如„„何;奈„„何?(把„„怎样呢?)?孰与„„?(与„„比，哪个更„?)?独„„耶?(难道„„吗?)
二、表示反问
?何„„哉(也)?(怎么能„„呢?)
?何„„为?(„„干什么呢?)
?何„„之有?(有什么„„呢?)
?如之何„„?(怎么能„„呢)
?岂(其)„„哉(乎，耶)(哪里„„呢?„„哪里呢?)
?安„„哉(乎)?(哪里„„呢?)
?不亦„„乎?(不是„„吗?)
?„„非„„欤?(„„不是„„吗?)
?宁„„耶?(哪里„„呢?)
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
(10)顾„„哉?(难道„„吗?)
(11)独„„哉?(难道„„吗?)
三、表示感叹
?何其„„也!(怎么那么„„啊!)
?直„„耳!(只不过„„罢了!)
?惟„耳!(只„„罢了!)
?一何„„(多么„„啊!)
?亦„„哉～(也真是„„啊!)
?„„何如哉!(„„该是怎样的呢!)
四、表揣度
?无乃„„乎(欤)(恐怕„„吧?);
?得无(微)„„乎?(该不„„吧?))
?其„„欤?(不是„„吗?)(兼表反问)
?庶几„„欤?(或许„„吧?)
五、表示选择
?与其„„孰若„„?(与其„„，哪如„„?)
?„„欤(耶)，抑„„欤(耶)?(是„„，还是„„呢?)
?其„„?其„„?(是„„呢?还是„„呢?)
六，其它
否则:如果不„„就„„。何乃:岂只是;为什么竟。、既而:随后，不久。既„„且„„:又„„又„乃尔:竟然如此，这样。然而:这样却;但是。，然则:既然这样，那么;如果这样，那么。虽然:虽然如此，(但);即使如此，但所谓:所说的，所认为。谓之:称他是，说他是;称为，叫做。无(有)以:没有(有)用来„„的东西、办法。无庸:不用，无须。无由:不可能，无法，无从。相率:竟相，一起。向使:假使，如果。之谓:说的就是――。之于:对„„的态度，同„„相比
第二板块:语言知识与运用
高分口诀:审题干,明确答题方向审题文回应暗含
要求
对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗
1、字音字形辨析题:
字音题:
【答题知识】?正确把握形声字的读音，利用形声字声旁能表读音的功能识记一些难读字，如:屣xi、狰zhen;记住形声字的声旁字与字的读音不一致的字，如:谄chan、陷xian、焰yan、旖yi、嗔chen。?注意区别形近字，如:“刺”与“剌”、“陡”与“徙”、“赢”与“羸”。?注意多音多义字的读音。多音多义的读音是考查的重点。多音常常是因为“多义”，所以因义定音是多音字正音的重要方法，如:“卡”做音译语素时读ka，卡车、卡宾枪，取和“不畅通”有关义项时，读qia，关卡、发卡、卡壳。?注意口语与书面语的读音区别，如“哈”，书面语中读ha，在方言或口语中读ha或ha;“露”，书面语中读lu，口语中常读lou。?注意一般词语与专用词语的读音区别，如:街谈巷xian议、巷han道。
3.成语辨析题
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
【答题经验】(1)弄清所用成语的前后语境，尽可能找出句中相关暗示信息。(2)越是想要你字面理解的成语越要注意陷阱;(3)特别陌生的成语往往是对的。 A(谦敬成语:
谦词类(蓬荜生辉，不情之请，不揣冒昧，敬谢不敏，抛砖引玉，忝列门墙，百无一能，狗尾续貂，绵薄之力，犬马之劳，美之献，班门弄斧，雕虫小技，门墙桃李，千虑一得)
敬词类(鼎力相助，不耻下问，一言九鼎，汗马功劳)。
B(只用于否定句的成语:望其项背，同日而语，等量齐观，善罢甘休，无时无刻，等闲视之(另外不亦乐乎，不可开交只能作补语)
C(注意成语的语法用法:如不明词性用错(整天不学无术;度过了一段蹉跎岁月)。成语意思与语境矛盾或重复(忍俊不禁地笑了;难言之隐地苦衷;一位文弱的莘莘学子;显得相形见绌;好像如芒在背;浑身被打得遍体鳞伤;目前得当务之急;接踵而至地窜进来;津津乐道地说;海内外闻名遐尔;责无旁贷的责任;使得我国人民生灵涂炭;人民生活安居乐业;只能让人贻笑大方;受贿之初就心有余悸;曾几何时将大展宏图;长此以往就出现了成绩下滑;把中国人民的抗议置若罔闻)
4.病句辨析题
【答题技巧】(1)注意题干的要求，看清选择的是有语病的还是无语病的一项。特别要注意若题干有“表意不明”要求，还应从句子有无歧义、矛盾上去考察。(2)做题思路:检查主干是否缺成分??推敲词语是否搭配??推敲词语有否重复??关联词位置是否正确??并列短语或句子语序是否合理??个别短语有否歧义??句子是否符合逻辑;
【知识要点】六类病句:语序不当、搭配不当、成分残缺或赘余、结构混乱、表意不明、不合逻辑。
常见13类语病句子模型:
?博会机构还对项目
方案
气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载
进行了评审、包装、征集。(并列成分要注意内部排序) ?我国加快了高等教育发展的速度和规模。(并列结构作句子成分要分别和各项都能搭配)
?该厂两次获省级大奖，三次被授优质产品称号。(多个句子共一个主语，该主语和各句要都能搭配).
?能否做好救灾工作，关键是干部作风要好。(考虑正反两面是否照应) ?该地区推广用棉籽饼菜籽饼喂猪。(误把宾语的长定语当宾语) ?通过大家批评教育，使我明白了这个道览理。(有介词或连词要考虑使用是否得当或是否缺少主语)
?《消费者权益保护法》深受消费者所欢迎。(有两种表述方式的要注意两种结构是否杂糅)
?县里通知我们15日前去参加培训。(如有数量短语或介词结构就看是否产生歧义) ?我们要采取措施防止交通事故不再发生。(禁止，避免，防止，忌等有否定味，不需再用否定词)
(10)难道我们不应该不向雷锋同志学习吗,(多重否定或否定加反问要看句意是否造成表意相反)
(11)雷锋精神当然应赋予它新的内涵。(有代词的句子要注意指代是否明确或代词是否多余)
(12)句子有多重定语或多重状语，考虑是否语序不当。
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
(13)有关联词就要注意位置和搭配是否得当。
6(语段压缩与扩展题
(1)语段压缩题
解题思路:?看清题干要求,确定压缩方向;?辨明语段类型,确定主要信息: 记叙性语段陈述对象、事件经过及事件结果(意义或价值)是主要信息; 说明性语段说明的对象及其特征,说明的目的或事物自身价值为主要信息, 议论性语段议论的话题,及作者的看法和看法的价值为主要信息
特别提示:消息新闻的压缩抓住对象、时间，地点，事件经过及事件结果(意义或价值)等记叙性要素，用一个主谓(宾)句式的句子表述。
8(句式变换题
答题技巧:?看清题干要求，明确答题方向。?不改变句意，可增删个别词语。 3(注意使用润滑剂(代词或关联词)使改后句子连贯。
?主动句(“把”字句)与被动句可以相互变换;各类语气句(陈述句，双重否定句，反问句等)可以相互转换。
?句子重组:偏正复句的偏句部分与正句部分的位置可以相互调换，调换时要往往要添加恰当的介词，转换关键的名词或动词的词性，并考虑主被动句的转换。 ?长句变短句要先提取出主干句，再将修饰成分变为一个个句子;最后进行整理(注意各句子的语序，注意使用代词和关联词让句子连贯)
?短句变长要先确定某句为主干句，再将其它短句修饰语嵌入主干句。嵌入的位置可在句首(作句首状语)，可在主干句的主语和宾语前(作定语)，也可以在谓语前(作状语)。注意嵌入的句子的排序。
?单句只有一套主谓中心。复句是指含有两套或两套以上互不包容的主谓中心。
10(语言得体:
谦辞?“家”字一族。如家父、家尊、家严、家君;家母、家慈;家兄;?“舍”字一族。如舍弟;舍妹;舍侄;舍亲。?“愚”字一族。如愚兄;愚见;也可单独用“愚”谦称自己。?“拙”字一族。如拙笔;拙著、拙作;拙见。?“鄙”字一族。如鄙人;鄙意;鄙见。
敬辞?“令”字一族。如令尊;令堂;令郎;令爱、令嫒;令兄;令弟;?“惠”字一族。如惠存;惠临;;惠允;惠赠。?“垂”字一族。如垂爱;垂青;垂问、垂询;垂念。?“贵”字一族。如贵干;贵庚;贵姓;贵恙;贵子;贵国?“高”字一族。如高见，高就;高龄;高寿;高论。?“光”字一族。如光顾;光临。?“雅”字一族。如雅教;雅意;雅正。
11(其它实用类语用题:
(1)对联:注意既“对”(短语结构相同，字数相同，末字仄起平落)又“联”(内容相关)。
(2)公益广告:答题技巧:字数一般10—30字。要有修辞手法，有情感，有创意，更要符合题意。
(3)图文转换:内容上，扣住话题,通过比较,抓主干信息,去次要信息;形式上:纵横对比,运用比较的说明方法进行表述
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
第三版块:现代文阅读
即:问什么答什么，怎么问怎么答;就近找答案，尽量抄原文;抓住关键词，短语答题目，分条来排列;要用肯定句，原文中找依据;一篇文章看开头和结尾，一个段落看第一句和结尾句。
(一)答题基本知识:
答题规范的三个原则:?答案在文中(直接来源于文中或或从文中提炼);?选择并重组文中关键词句(注意原文表述角度与设问角度是否一致);(3)分点分条作答(高考阅卷采点给分)
(二)基本题型题及解答思路
题型1:理解文中重要语句的含义和表现力
A.语句的含义题:还原修辞句的本义;揭示警策句的哲理;转化深奥含蓄句的意思;揭示句子的双关意;
B.语句的作用题:要回答该句子在文章结构与内容主题两个方面起的作用。 1文首句:?照应标题(开篇点题);?渲染气氛(定下情感基调);?埋下伏笔 ?设置悬念;?为下文(中心)作辅垫;?总领下文;
2文中句:?前后照应，?承上启下(过渡);?总结上文;开启下文;?为下文作辅垫
3文末句:?总照应开头或标题，结构紧密;?卒章显志，揭示中心;?总结全文，深化主题;
题型2:整理文章思路并归纳文章的内容
本题重在弄清文章是怎么写的和写了什么:文章各段说的是什么内容，是从哪些角度说的;段与段之间是什么关系(相并，相承，相属)，它们之间是如何照应的，又是如何形成一个有机整体的(各段与中心的关系)。只要你把作者起承转合的行文思路看出来了，把文章的领起段、过渡段、中心段、归旨段、结语段分辨清楚了，文章的脉络层次与主要内容就在你眼前了。
?叙述性文体的线索:看时间的变化，看空间的变化，看情感的变化， 看故事情节的变化，看事物发展阶段的变化。
?论述性文体的结构:并列式，对照式，层进式，总分式。
?说明性文体的顺序:空间顺序,时间顺序;逻辑顺序.。
题型3:分析手法及作用
1.比喻:化平淡为生动，化深奥为浅显，化抽象为具体。
2.拟人:化物为人，拉近距离,亲切自然;便于对话,交流情感。
3.借代:以简代繁，以实代虚，以奇代凡。
4.夸张:烘托气氛，增强感染力，增强联想;创造气氛，揭示本质，给人以启示。 5.对偶:便于吟诵，易于记忆，使词句有音乐感;表意凝练，抒情酣畅。 6.排比:内容集中，增强气势;叙事透辟，条分缕析;语气强劲,抒情强烈。 7.反复:突出思想,强调情感;承上启下，层次清晰;多次强调，增强感染力。 题型4:分析作者的观点态度，归纳主旨
解题思路:?快速读懂原文，深入理解文意(作者记叙、议论了哪些方面的事)???跳出文章外，整体把握文旨(文章涉及哪些社会问题,)???舍末逐本，归accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
纳要点，把握文章真意和神魂(作者的真正意图是什么)???按照题目要求，整理提取有效的信息
小说的阅读
环境描写具有以下作用: 交代人物活动的背景，写明事件发生的时间和地点; 暗示及社会环境,揭示社会本质特征; 揭示人物心境,表现人物性格; 渲染气氛,烘托人物的情感和思想; 推动故事情节发展。
小说的叙事手法
1.顺叙:能按某一顺序(时间或空间)较清楚地进行记叙。
2.倒叙:造成悬念，引人入胜。
3.插叙:对主要情节或中心事件做必要的铺垫照应，补充说明，使情节更加完整，结构更加严密，内容更加充实丰满。
4.补叙:对上文内容加以补充解释，对下文做某些交代。
5.平叙:(指叙述两件或多件同时发生的事)使头绪清楚，照应得体。
传记类文言的阅读方法
一、初读文章、明确梗概。
1、弄清其人其事:勾画出文中出现的地名、人名、官名，弄清楚人物之间的关系，概括了解其人其事。
2、疏通语句:添加出文段中部分句子省略的主语或宾语。
二、再读文章、推断文意。
1、方法:利用好文言的命题自身的题干，或正或错都是提示，有助于你对文意的推断。
2、要素:弄清叙事脉络，即何人在何地做了何事，结果怎样，有何后果或影响，这些事能表现主人公怎样的品质或才能。
3、语言:结合全篇推敲第一步中添加的省略部分是否合适。
文言文中关于职务升降的词语
表示授予、提升:征 、辟、荐、举 、拜、除、授、起、擢、拔 调动官职:迁 、转、调、徙 、补 、改
兼职、代理:兼、领、署、权
降职、罢免:贬 、谪、出、左迁、罢、免、黜、废
执掌、主持:知、行、主
补充常见职官的文言用词
武官:一般称呼为将军、尉、将、司马、节度使、掌书记、参谋、参军等。如:中郎将、屯骑校尉、祁连将军等。
中央文官:一般称呼为大夫、侍从、郎中、员外郎、主事等。例如:谏议大夫、御史大夫、侍郎、秘书郎、翰林待诏(侍从)。
地方文职:太守、刺史、长史、别驾、黜陡使、知州、知府、令等。 还有一个常见词:掾(yuàn):古代官署属员的通称。有司 :有关的官员。 古代常见官职名的职级例说
1、守:战国称郡守，汉改太守，为一郡的行政最高长官。
府:地方行政长官，总管州、县事务。相当于省长。 2、知
3、知州:地方行政长官，相当于省辖市市长。
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
4、知县:地方行政长官，相当于县长。
5、经历:部委所属机构主官，相当于司局级官员。
6、行人:供差遣出使，相当于外交部工作人员。
7、县丞:协助县令治理一县之事，相当于副县长。
8、教授:专管训导考核学生，相当于省教育厅长。
9、游击:掌管军队 防御，负责防御工作的师级军官。
10、侍郎:中央机构中相当于现在的副部长。
11、 主薄:掌钱粮、户籍，相当于粮食局长或户籍局长。
12、 给事中:皇帝禁中寄禄官，相当于元首生活或政治秘书。
解读示范一
白少傅居易，文章冠世，不跻大位。先是，刘禹锡大和中为宾客时，李太尉德裕同分司东都。禹锡谒于德裕曰:“近曾得白居易文集否,” 德裕曰:“累有相示，别令收贮，然未一披，今日为吾子览之。”及取看，盈其箱笥，没于尘坌。既启之而复卷之，谓禹锡曰:“吾于此人，不足久矣。其文章精绝，何必览焉。但恐回吾之心，所以不欲观览。”其见抑也如此。衣冠之士，并皆忌之，咸曰:“有学士才，非宰臣器。”识者于其答制中见经纶之用，为时所排，比贾谊在汉文之朝，不为卿相知。人皆惜之。
分析理解:
1、人物:白居易、刘禹锡、李德裕、贾谊 。
2、正面:刘—李，白与贾作侧面处理
3、事件:刘询问李是否读过白的文章，李说没有读也不想读
4、事理:刘希望李能够重用白，李忌其才而排之。白的遭遇与贾相似。 解读示范二
建中四年，项城为叛军困。县令李侃，不知所为。其妻杨氏日:“君，县令也。寇至当守;力不足，死焉，职也。君如逃，则人谁肯固矣!”侃日:“兵与财皆无，将若何”曰:“如不守，县为贼所得矣，仓廪皆其积也，府库皆其财也，百姓皆其战士也，国家何有?夺贼之财而食其食，重赏以令死士，其必济!”
于是，召胥吏、百姓于庭，扬氏言曰:“县令，诚主也;虽然，岁满则罢去。非若吏人、百姓然。吏人、百姓，邑人也，坟墓存焉，宜相与致死以守其邑，忍失其身而为贼之人耶,”众皆泣。得数百人，侃率之以乘城。
项城，小邑也，无长戟劲弩、高城深沟之固。贼气吞焉，将超城而下。有以弱弓射贼者，中其帅，坠马死。贼失势，遂散走，项城之人无伤焉。
分析理解:
1、人物:李侃(陪衬人物)、其妻杨氏(主角)，胥吏、百姓(叙述所需); 背景:项城为叛军困时，县令李侃不知所为;其妻杨氏挺身而出 。 事件: 杨氏作为(1)劝阻丈夫怯退;(2)激励百姓奋起;
结果:叛贼全 都 逃跑 ，项城的人没有伤亡
2、杨氏说话艺术:杨氏的话，说得实在，入情入理。从百姓的角度思考，所以能够激发大家的斗志。
3、人物个性:深明大义、有勇有谋、热爱国家。
accountable for the violation, Had a negative impact on society. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, the initiative to accept social supervision. Give full play to the role of the news media, widely publicized safety production areas to carry out the "four winds" special significance, focus, work measures, dynamic work, the report published telephone. Launched the employees and the whole social supervision and reporting production safety and harm the interests of the masses, the formation of a strong prevention and treatment of the special rectification work atmosphere. 2, enhance political concentration. To strengthen the ideological and political construction, always adhere to the correct political line, politics Governance position, political orientation, political road, continuously enhance political acumen and political discernment, firm road confidence, theory system of self-confidence and self-confidence. To further strengthen the theory of armed Marx doctrine of Chinese consciously use the latest achievements of the armed mind, guide practice and promote the work. With a high degree of political consciousness, the Bureau take the lead in-depth study to implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping's important speech series, and timely to the cadres and workers to study and implement of special supervision and inspection. 3, focus on remediation Yung lazy, scattered. "Cadres and carry out" mediocre, lazy, scattered "special rectification action, strengthen dedication, strong quality", The tree image, team spirit and the socialist core values education, vigorously to create a pioneering spirit, unity and struggle, serious and lively atmosphere. Take a thorough investigation, and severely punish free, absenteeism, tardiness, AWOL behavior, and resolutely put an end to work time on the Internet stocks, playing games, watching entertainment phenomenon. (five) are failing to buck passing the problem of lack of awareness of the overall situation. The individual members of the team too much emphasis on personal interests and the interests of small groups, prior conditions, the first hit "small abacus". The lack of big talk about the principle of small speaking style, have something to say, not behind talking about, no more Tricks of consciousness and self-discipline, relegates, passing each other, not unite to form a good atmosphere, and sometimes even against each other. A few members of the team that is the power sector in the safety supervision department, safety supervision department is working to better cope with personal interests, perfunctory in the daily supervision process, the illegal behavior of enterprise there do not want to offend people speak hard, to relax the stringent requirements of the enterprise. The rectification measures: (LED Le
浙公网安备 33021202002483