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美国反恐(Us counterterrorism)美国反恐(Us counterterrorism) 美国反恐(Us counterterrorism) National Security Council of the United States Basic situation Founded in July 1947, the main responsibilities are: to unify the internal affairs, military and foreign policies of the United States, and t...

美国反恐(Us counterterrorism)
美国反恐(Us counterterrorism) 美国反恐(Us counterterrorism) National Security Council of the United States Basic situation Founded in July 1947, the main responsibilities are: to unify the internal affairs, military and foreign policies of the United States, and to make recommendations to the president. But is not a decision-making body cannot formulate policies, but the president about security policy co-ordination, staff is working closely with the Secretary of state to assist the president to formulate long-term foreign policy think tank, is to provide effective arrangements for military affairs agency president. At the National Security Council meeting, the idea must be adopted by the president before it becomes a policy. Since its inception, presidents are relied on, especially a major crisis, often to convene a meeting of the National Security Council, has actually become the core organization strategic decision of the U.S. government to discuss and study. By the president as chairman of the committee, the members of the vice president, Secretary of state, defense minister, Minister of Finance and emergency preparedness agency director, Central Intelligence Agency, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff and assistant to the president for national security affairs. Daily affairs are headed by the president's national security affairs assistant. The president's national security affairs assistant, also known as the president's national security adviser, is the adviser to the president, so he is appointed directly by the president without congressional approval. A brief history of establishment The US National Security Council is the core organization of the US government to discuss and study the major strategic decisions. It provides a reference for the decision-making of the president, national security and foreign affairs. The United States is the first country to set up the National Security Council in the world. The president of the United States is the president of the national security council. Currently, regular participants include vice president, Secretary of state, defense minister, Minister of Finance and national security adviser. In addition, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff is a statutory military adviser to the National Security Council, and the national intelligence director is a legal intelligence adviser. The regular meetings include White House chief of staff, Minister of justice, Minister of Homeland Security and other important officials. Eisenhower set up a special assistant to the president for national security affairs to deal with, then the title as "the president's national security adviser, also habitually referred to as" national security adviser". The national security adviser is the head of the daily work of the National Security Council, appointed directly by the president, without congressional approval. Of course, its actual power depends entirely on the degree of trust and political needs of the president. The National Security Council in the United States was born in the cold war. In March 5, 1946, former British Prime Minister Churchill published a report entitled "pillar of peace" speech in the American state of Missouri Fulton. This speech was later regarded as the symbol of the formal beginning of the cold war. A year later, in July 26th, the U.S. Congress passed the 1947 National Security Act, and the birth of the national security council. The National Security Council sets up the Central Intelligence Bureau to coordinate the intelligence work of the government departments. America's National Security Council didn't have much power at first. President Truman worried that the institution was too powerful to influence its authority. In September 26, 1947, he attended the National Security Council for the first time. Since then, he has only participated in the meeting of the National Security Council in 1/5. The National Security Council is short of staff and can't meet frequently. The president often bypasses its decisions and direct instructions to ministers. With the intensification of the cold war, the "intelligence lineage" of the National Security Council has been highlighted, which makes Truman see the value of the national security council. At that time, the CIA adviser was director of the cia. When the National Security Council meets, the CIA director often takes the lead to report the situation and then discuss it. In the following decades, intelligence and covert operations have been one of the most important functions of the national security council. Due to some secret operations after being exposed to the president brought embarrassment, Reagan era national security adviser calucci reorganized the National Security Council, the National Security Council, the main function is to provide policy advice to the president, to coordinate the work of the government, by the CIA to perform covert operations. However, this did not change the overall situation of the National Security Council in the field of security status. At present, there are 16 intelligence agencies in the United States, except the independent intelligence agency of the cia, The Defense Department, the National Defense Intelligence Agency, the national security agency, the Department of justice, the FBI and the U.S. drug control agency. In addition, the Ministry of homeland security, the Ministry of energy, the State Council and the Ministry of finance also have intelligence agencies. These intelligence agencies were unified by the national intelligence chief, and he aggregated intelligence to the national security council. To the national interests of the United States, the National Security Council can strike violently in the eastern and Western intelligence war, can also promote world shocking secret diplomacy, can stand to the first line of anti-terrorism. On September 11, 2001, the world trade center in New York was hit by terror. From that moment, the United States National Security Council has a new mission: anti-terrorism. At 9 in the evening, President George W. Bush made a televised speech to the United States, and immediately held the National Security Council meeting, which called for "severely punish the organizations that plan and launch these attacks and any countries that harbor these organizations."". In October 7th, the United States led coalition forces began to attack Afghanistan's "base" organization and Taliban, the "war against terror" officially started. George W. Bush also established the homeland security committee, established the Department of homeland security, parallel with the national security system, to strengthen the U.S. domestic security work. George W. Bush's 8 year presidential term, "anti-terrorism" is its background. In his first term, the State Council held two hawks: Vice President Cheney Rumsfeld, Minister of national defense. Condoleezza Rice, a national security adviser who lacks military background, is relatively unprofessional in the war on terror, but George W. Bush is very interested in the war Trust Rice, regardless of visiting abroad or at camp David vacation, he always has Rice figure. The White House even said: the president will listen to Vice President Cheney's opinion, Secretary of state Powell's proposal also attaches great importance to, but always consult with Rice after the final decision. In 2009, Obama came to power. He told George W. Bush's "war on terror" has been criticized for from Afghanistan and Iraq to withdraw . After the White House, he made some reforms, including the incorporation of the Homeland Security Council into the National Security Council, streamlining the institutions Set up, strengthen anti-terrorism intelligence sharing. In strengthening counter-terrorism measures, Obama did not relax. He chose admiral Jones to be his first national security adviser to make up for his lack of experience in security matters. Jones was replaced by his deputy, Donilon, who was more attuned to than Obama, and had a close relationship with Obama's core circle. His wife, Casey, was the head of the office of vice president Biden. Susan Rice, a security adviser, is Obama's cronies. Under the leadership of the National Security Council, a series of anti terrorist actions, such as the assassination of Laden, have been launched, and the US drone attacks have also been carried out in many hot spots around the world. Mudd, U.S. counterterrorism experts say al Qaeda was the United States now its influence has been greatly a mortal malady, fade, intention to attack terrorist organizations in the United States is also reduced, although there is always the terrorists threatened to attack the United States, but the ability to act today, which prove that the National Security Council anti-terrorism mechanism effectively. More than half a century ago, the National Security Council of the United States has produced many "Star" national security advisers. Among them, it is worth mentioning that Kissinger, he was president of the national security affairs adviser Nixon. Before Kissinger, President Kennedy's national security adviser Bondi Kennedy and his successor Johnson the great powers, escalating the Vietnam War action is implemented in Bondi's urging. Bondi also had secret actions related to china". In the 60s of last century, French President De Gaulle was determined to establish diplomatic relations with new china. In the autumn of 1963, he sent former Prime Minister Darfur to visit China in his private name to discuss the establishment of diplomatic relations. In October 24th, Bondi received intelligence from the CIA, saying that China and France would not establish diplomatic relations, and De Gaulle would have to see what happens in washington". But Bondi was not reassured, still trying to test De Gaulle's attitude. In November 2nd, Mao Zedong met with Darfur. The negotiation between China and France ended smoothly. January 1964, France informed the United States that France will soon establish diplomatic relations with china. Bondi was anxious, and consulted with Johnson. Bondi said, the only way is to not let Jiang Jieshi of Taiwan authorities announced that diplomatic relations with France, an attempt to create "two China" reality, embarrassing Beijing. But this small action, proved to be of no avail, become a joke. The next Kissinger learned Bondi's lesson and performed well. To end the fourth Middle East between 1973 and 1974 During the war, Kissinger traveled back and forth in Israel, Egypt and Syria to mediate, and the word "shuttle diplomacy" was born. He also played an important role in the thawing of Sino US relations. In July 1971, he made a secret visit to China, and Zhou Enlai held talks with him. At that time, Zhou Enlai criticized the American aggression against Vietnam seriously, and criticized the wrong position of the United States on the Taiwan issue. Kissinger listen respectfully. Sino US relations are Kissinger's proud achievements in his whole life, because it has changed the world situation. He is the only American politician who has survived all the new China's top leaders and has played an irreplaceable role in Sino US relations so far. After Kissinger, he became active in the diplomatic arena and became a tradition of the national security adviser in the United states. In the age of Carter Brzezinski, Scowcroft bush, George W. Bush Condoleezza Rice era, so is the Obama era, Susan Rice Donilon etc.. Of course, if the president pay more attention to the Secretary of state, or to centralize power on major issues the situation is different. Reagan did not pay attention to the national security adviser, changed 6 advisers during the administration, and his national security adviser could not report directly to the president, who was the most powerful adviser in the successive presidential administrations. --------------------------------------- After 911, the U.S. anti-terrorism situation is extremely grim. Now, the old Americans are doing well! After 911, the state machine of the United States was fully strengthened, and prism system was an example. Comprehensive monitoring brings huge amounts of data Telephone recording, mobile phone recording, camera recording, bank bills, supermarket consumption records, hotel records, station records...... In order to analyze the useful information from the huge data, IBM and other companies put forward the "related concept of big data processing. It can be said that after 911 anti-terrorism needs, spawned the birth of "big data". If there is no efficient data fusion and processing system It's totally inconceivable to rely on human resources to monitor and deal with the huge amounts of data generated by millions of people. Anti terrorism costs a lot of money!! Many people say that the Iraq war and the war in Afghanistan cost too much and dragged down the United States Little attention has been paid to the dramatic rise in US defense costs after 911, and the impact on US fiscal burden!! The United States is a cattle forced place is a huge amount of military spending, after a period of time, can be converted to civilian, and then earn back. For example, military communications during the cold war the ARPANET, and finally became the prototype of the Internet Again, the recent hot "big data" actually came from the need for anti-terrorism after 911! These aspects, it is worth learning well in china!!! ----------------------------------------- Background information: the major anti-terrorism documents and measures issued by the United States after the "9. 11" incident Xinhua Beijing September 10 (reporter Wang Longqin) September 11, 2001, the United States, New York World Trade Center and the Defense Department seat The Pentagon suffered terrorist attacks. After the "9. 11" incident, the United States government has issued a series of anti-terrorism documents and measures to declare war on global terrorism. In order to effectively combat terrorism, the Bush administration has vigorously implemented unilateralism and "preemptive" anti-terrorism strategy, strengthened surveillance and arrest, and launched two wars against Afghanistan and iraq. Shortly after the "9. 11" terrorist attack, President Bush signed the Patriot act, In the name of safeguarding national security, the authorities have given more power to the investigation and search of the authorities, and strengthened the tracking and control of immigrants and foreign students. In April 2002, the United States Department of Defense announced the formation of a new "Northern Command", responsible for the defense of the United states. In November, President Bush signed the Department of Homeland Security Act and declared that the bill would enable the United States to coordinate and deal with terrorist attacks more effectively. In September 2002, the United States announced the first U.S. national security strategy after President Bush came to power, and for the first time formally put forward the "preemptive strategy" to attack terrorists and hostile countries. In February 2003, the Bush administration announced the national strategy against terrorism, saying that the United States would lead the fight to the terrorists and act alone when necessary. However, the United States launched the war on terrorism not only make the United States itself in the war, but also because of its adopted unilateralism "anti-terrorism diplomacy", not only hurt the allies, the United States itself severely damaged the international image, but also to some extent contributed to extremism and increase the terrorist threat to the United states. In order to reshape the image of the United States, after Obama came to power, began to adjust the U.S. anti-terrorism strategy. At the beginning of the office, Obama ordered the policy system of comprehensive reform of the United States to treat terrorist suspects, including a year to close the Guantanamo prison, prohibit the use of torture of terrorist suspects; at the same time to reiterate the withdrawal from Iraq within a time limit, the overseas "anti-terrorism" strategic focus from Iraq to afghanistan. At the beginning of December 2009, Obama announced a "new strategy", decided to Afghanistan before the summer of 2010 to 30 thousand soldiers in Afghanistan, and then gradually withdraw from Afghanistan again from the beginning of July 2011. Last May 27th, Obama submitted his first national security strategy report to congress. Compared with Bush's security strategy with unilateralism as the keynote, Obama's new strategy has multilateralism. The new strategy gives up the idea of "preemptive strategy" and the Bush administration's "war against terror", emphasizing the role of economic factors in national security, but its starting point is to ensure the leadership of the United States in the world. In recent years, due to suffered a series of attempted domestic terrorist attacks, in June 29th this year, the U.S. government announced a new national counter-terrorism strategy, the anti-terrorism focus position in the fight against the "base" organization and the prevention of domestic terrorist threat on homeland security. This strategy marks the first battleground for the United States to take the homeland as counter-terrorism efforts for the first time". --------------------------------------------- How to prevent terrorism after the "9-11": the visa tracking of the alert system Frame of reference In 2001, the "9. 11" terrorist attacks left an eternal wound to the American government and people, and also left a precious legacy in the work of anti-terrorism. At present, worldwide anti terrorist activities are becoming increasingly frequent, and it may be possible to look at what terrorism prevention experience in the United States has. Alarm system Since "9. 11", the U.S. government has developed an alarm system, red represents serious risks, orange represents high risks, yellow represents significant risks, and blue represents general risks. The United States has issued more than 10 orange and yellow warnings, but only one red alert was issued. In August 10, 2006, Britain announced a foiled attempt to blow up the plane of the major terrorist plot, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to enhance the alert level from Britain to the United States commercial flights, and after the alarm time is extended to "9 - 11" 5th anniversary. In 2011, the United States reduced the original 5 level alarm system to "imminent threat" and "high threat" two level alarm system. The alarm at the same time, also added a brief description of the potential threat, including in areas under threat of attack, terrorist threats, potential threats to critical infrastructure, government agencies to take protective measures, the public attention, what measures can be taken to prevent and mitigate terrorist threats. Road patrol New York Pennsylvania station and New York New Jersey Port Bureau bus station is a large transportation hub located in the core area of Manhattan. While bin Laden was killed, "9 - 11" 10th anniversary special period, you can see the carry loaded guns and canine patrols carrying police and national guard soldiers. Law enforcement officers also bridge tunnel, an important station set up a temporary checkpoint, carry out spot checks on vehicles and passengers. New York Times square and other downtown near the inspection is more stringent. Port monitoring In order to prevent terrorist use of WMD containers will be transported to the United States, the United States customs security personnel will be dispatched to participate in the examination of several of the world's major port. These ports are located on all continents, including the world's second largest container distribution port after China Hongkong, Singapore, Europe's largest port, Rotterdam and so on. In addition, including Belgium Antwerp and Bremerhaven Germany, several other large European ports is the United States monitoring. Visa tracking Because at least participated in the "9 - 11" incident of the hijackers with a student visa to enter the United States, the United States Congress since then ordered the establishment of computer system, the input data on all foreign students, in order to track. Interestingly, this measure has caused resentment among educators in the United states. In August 2004, at a seminar organized by the American Heritage Foundation, people pointed out that the foreign students who applied to the United States were 32% less than the previous year. ---------------------------------------------- How does the United States carry out the war on terror? In September 11, 2001, with the famous New York Gemini towers towering flames and smoke of war, human are facing another new topic, namely, the war on terror, a conventional war form distinct forms, appeared in front of the world. Throughout the United States in the war on terror, on the evening of May 1, 2011, long range shot "9 - 11" Al Qaeda boss Osama Ben Laden (Osama Bin Laden) is a classic. That night, the United States dispatched 2 Black Hawk helicopters, 22 seals from the military base in Afghanistan, fly to Pakistan is located in the Aporta Bud houses, in the tens of minutes to complete the mission in a clean manner. For the completion of this war, the United States of the ten years of preparation; the completion of this task, will undoubtedly make the then US President Obama re elected and write a great deal about the target. It is of great significance and self-evident. Just a few days ago, in a book called "the library to see a tough day" (No Easy Day) book, author Mark Owen (Mark Owen), a member of seal team six, according to the personal experience and killed Ben Laden, wrote the book. Perhaps this book is regarded as a military book by military enthusiasts, and as a historical book, it is more appropriate to say that history is history. Needless to say, history can be used to learn from, especially in the present china. First of all, hard hardware. At present, the United States military spending is the sum of its 5 countries spending, of course, of course, the United States has made great strides in economic development is inseparable. So it's not hard to imagine that decades of accumulation have created the hardware that no one else can reach. On counterterrorism, the same. First, its transport capacity is extremely strong. The implementation of anti-terrorism task can carry heavy sharp, including C-17, C-130, CH-47 transport aircraft transport combat personnel arrived at a distant region do heavy combat transport helicopters, light of MH-60, "the bird type" MH-6 Black Hawk helicopter. These can be moved at any time according to the task and area. Two is ubiquitous unmanned reconnaissance, reconnaissance intelligence can not be compared. Take Ben Laden as an example. Laden in the living area, the daily non-stop "dozens of unmanned reconnaissance aircraft every day hovering over tora". Thus, to Laden's house, which door locks, which door does not lock, when Laden walk, where to walk, In the yard where people often Park, where the parking, etc., can be seen through unmanned reconnaissance aircraft and satellite images clearly, and analyzed by special intelligence analysts, summed up. It is worth noting that the U.S. unmanned reconnaissance aircraft is too thick for clouds, it can not work. During the raid on Laden, the action was postponed because the thick clouds made the reconnaissance planes unable to work." Three is a one-man outfit, very impressive. Emmett player everyone has several large packaging equipment package, from the armory Nothing needed is lacking., the slogan "you dream, I came to realize" remarkable. Only 120 night vision goggles equipped with four barrel lenses are surprisingly expensive, worth 65000 dollars. However, with a single penny, the night vision device has a visual field of no degree, no dead angle, and can see every place. Above, is "work is good to do things, must first benefit their devices" this sentence best footnote. Secondly, high quality software. One is a team with special mission. Now the US Navy Seal team six anti terrorist forces, was named six team, and then will Chinese missile force named the Second Artillery Corps, beauty originally wanted the Soviets felt he had many seals, mainly responsible for hostage rescue, the enemy, ships, naval base, offshore oil platform and prevent infiltration the spread of weapons of mass destruction, belonging to the joint special operations command. Two is the sacrifice spirit of team members. "For many players, the time to stay balanced between work and family life is extremely short. Many of our players have had a painful divorce experience. We miss weddings, funerals, vacations. We can't say "no" to the Navy, but we can say "no" to our family. We seldom have time off, and work is always top priority. Work gives us everything, but returns little." Not to perform tasks, but to perform tasks. Three is the training without human nature. Its training hard, in short, is the Superman class limit. It is a physical challenge, as people will challenge than sports "iron man five" too far, they are pushed to the brink of collapse, terribly fatigued. Its training is closer to the actual situation. A single room training, not only the wreckage of burning cars and other obstacles, but also at any time can be assembled into a conference room, bathroom, and even ballroom design, and each scene is different. The implementation of the brutal elimination system. After a day of training, the members will return to the original unit, training, always choose the top 5, the latter 5, the best choice, only one subject down, there are nearly 1/3 people were eliminated. And these are not eliminated, not a good, but a selection mechanism, these eliminated, back to their original unit, is still the leader. Finally, flexible and diverse tactics. First, flexible timing. Rescue the hostages, six team seals generally take the night, under normal circumstances, we will try our best to avoid the action in the moonlit night. Our night vision can help us more than the moon". "If we have moonlight at night," it means that the enemy can see us too, so that we lose half of our strength." Laden is killed, in a dark night. Two is flexible selection of personnel. Take the more than 20 seals of six seals who took part in the raid on Laden, for example, are selected senior soldiers from various units, rather than simply mobilized from the ready-made system". At the same time, personnel collocation is also very important, team row, row teams, team group, group and personnel according to the specific circumstances, general reconnaissance sniper, hands, hands, hands and other blasting attacks composed of several people, and most of the attack dogs (dogs). It is worth mentioning that the participants generally keep long hair as required, rather than the "inch head" that you see in Hollywood movies". Three is flexible, does not mean casual, on the contrary is cautious and cautious. Take Laden as an example, seals six team according to the reconnaissance situation, make a plan seriously, And the construction of the same size as Laden housing model for repeated drilling, for a variety of circumstances have been previewed, the exercise lasted for 3 weeks, members of the skilled between the need without any conversation to form a tacit understanding. At the same time, all the work meetings are held in the secrecy room. "You can't bring your cell phone. The secure conference room is located in the sensitive information classification facility (SCIF) area, which is used exclusively to handle confidential or confidential information. We use a special logo to pass the safety door. Lead shield walls make all listening devices useless". To sum up, the so-called success never favors the people who do not prepare, which is very obvious in the raid against Laden. In September 26th, President Obama announced that in order to further the fight against extremist organization ISIS, the United States will be held next month to Iraq sent tens of thousands of the 1st Infantry Division; as the victims of terrorism China, should send good wishes, wish them a flag to win. After all, America's war on terror has been going on for 14 years. ,
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