2014-2015学年高一英语素材：Unit5《Animals-grammar》（上海新世纪版S2A）2014-2015学年高一英语素材：Unit5《Animals-grammar》（上海新世纪版S2A）
Unit5 Animals-grammar素材
动词不定式的时态、语态
形式如下(注意否定时not的位置):
一般式 (not) to do (not)to be done
完成式 (not)to have done (not)to have been done
进行式 (not) to be doing
完成进行式 (not) to have been doing
1) 时态
(1) 一般现...
2014-2015学年高一英语素材：Unit5《Animals-grammar》（上海新世纪版S2A）
Unit5 Animals-grammar素材
动词不定式的时态、语态
形式如下(注意否定时not的位置):
一般式 (not) to do (not)to be done
完成式 (not)to have done (not)to have been done
进行式 (not) to be doing
完成进行式 (not) to have been doing
1) 时态
(1) 一般现在时:不定式一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发
生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again.
We hope to build up a modern laboratory before long.
(2) 完成时:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
so long( I'm sorry to have kept you waiting
(注意区别:I am sorry to keep you waiting. Don’t leave ,please.)
He seems to have caught a cold.
They are known to have come to a decision on the matter.
It was a great satisfaction to have visited our native village.
?注意特例:You should(ought to) have switched off the light when you left the classroom. 你离开教室的时候应该把灯关掉。(实际上没有关灯,是虚拟语气)
Ex(Choice):
? Some people were reported ____ flying saucers that same evening.
a. to b. to have seen c. to have been seen d. having seen
? The elephants ought ____ hours ago by the keepers.
a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed
(3) 进行时: 不定式表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
The water seems to be boiling.
She was found to be teaching the pupils to make
model planes.
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The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.
(4) 完成进行时:不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前开始发生，并延续到那个
时候，可能仍在进行。
She is known to have been working on the problem
for many years
She seems to have been writing a scientific treatise.
2)语态
(1)主动式:表示主动的意义。如果动词不定式的逻辑主语(即:
动词不定式所表示的动作的发出者)和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系，不定式一般要用主动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour (for somebody)to invite him to Mary's birthday party.(somebody和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系)(不定式作主语)
It was impossible for him to make up lost time.(him和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系)(不定式作主语)
I wish to to send you to work in the country.(I和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系)(不定式作宾语)
He went to the hospital to examine the students.(He和不定式所表示的动作是主动关系)(不定式作状语)
(2)被动式:表示被动的意义。如果动词不定式的逻辑主语(即:动词不定式所表示的动作的发出者)是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，即和不定式所表示的动作是被动关系，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour (for somebody)to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(somebody是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系)(不定式作主语)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(lost time是不定式所表示的动作的承受者, 是被动关系(不定式作主语)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(I是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系)(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired ?(the car是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系)(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(He是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被动关系)(不定式作状语)
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The shoes seem to have been repaired. (The shoes是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，是被
动关系。注意本句的时态)(不定式作宾语)
?注意特例:在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如:There are
still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如:
These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done
now.(We can do nothing now.)
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