状语从句(结果,条件,让步,方式)

结果状语从句 1引导词 so…that… , such…that…, so that, such that to the degree (that), to the extent (that), to such a degree (that), to such an extent (that) 2 so…that…的用法 so 后面接形容词、副词 (1) 接形容词 The moon is so large that several million people could live there. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. (2)接副词 The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. (3)接分词 However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects. 3 so that的用法 so that 引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别主要有两点:一是若so that 引导结果状语从句,往往会有逗号与主句隔开;二是在结果状语从句中往往没有情态动词,而目的状语从句通常都含有情态动词。 As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures; in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. 4 such…that的用法 such后面接名词 Diplomats and crabs are creatures who move in such a way that it is impossible to tell whether they are coming or going. 5 such that的用法 such相当于so+形容词 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. His anger was so explosive that he lost control of himself. The logic of scientific development is such that separate group of men working on the same problem in far-scattered laboratories are likely to arrive at the same answer at the same time. ※such与so的区别 so…that…,与such…that…的区别,其实就是so与such的区别 so本身是副词,后面可以跟形容词或副词,such是一个限定词,后面要跟名词 不能说such many dogs,要说many such dogs 6 其他短语连接的结果状语从句 to the degree (that), to the extent (that), to such a degree (that), to such an extent (that), 当置于句首时,同样需要倒装 The bereaved mother was grieved to the degree that she couldn’t eat anything for 3 days. Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering. 6 结果状语从句的简化 结果状语从句可以用不定式简化 so…that…对应so…as to, such…that…对应such…as to, such that对应such as to He was such a fool as to believe him. Her voice was such as to make everyone stare. 7 结果状语从句的倒装 为了强调将so或such引导的部分置于句首 So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. So severe was the storm that the pilot couldn’t fly through it. 条件状语从句 条件状语从句有两种——真实的、虚拟的 条件状语从句讨论的是真实的 1 常见的连词 if 和unless If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 如果冬天来了,春天还会远吗? In politics, if you want someone to make a speech, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman. 在政治领域,如果你想要有人发 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 演说,那就找男人去;而如果你想真正把事情解决,那就找女士。 Unless 如果不,除非,带有否定的含义 面子 Discussions about “face”can be difficult if one is not familiar with the significance and importance attached to it by many Asian people. It does have difficult meanings to different people and, unless a teacher is “comfortable” with broaching the subject, it is best left alone. 2 only if 与if only Only if 表示只有,if only 表示只要 The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me_____ she could remember who last borrowed it. A ever since B only if C even though D if only 借阅处的管理员答应帮我找到这本书,只要她能记得上次是谁借走的。 On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度的把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。 3 must/have to do…if…be to do 如果…必须…,那么就不得不 But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. 但是如果一定要机器人进一步节省劳动力的话,它们必须能够在更少的人工监控下工作,并且至少能够独立地做一些决定——这些目标给我们提出了一个真正的挑战。 如果一定要从智力方面进行任何比较的话,那么对所有的被比较者来说,前两个因素必须是一样的。 The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 4 其他条件从句的连词 Suppose that, supposing that, providing/provide that, so long as, as long as, on condition that 一个人只要还有追求,他就不算老。只要当心中不在有梦想,而只是满怀遗憾,这时他才是真正老了。 A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams. A man is not old provided he is seeking something… 5 其他表示条件意味的句型 祈使句/省略句+and=if从句+主句 Spare the rob and spoil the child. 祈使句/省略句+or/or else=unless从句+主句 Give it back to me or (else) I’ll tell your parents. 让步状语从句 1 常见引导词:though, although, even though和even if 不与but连用,但可与yet/still连用 Although Although I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time. 尽管聚会上的人我一个都不认识,但我仍然玩得很愉快。 The family is the essential presence-the thing that never leaves you, even if you find you have to leave it. 对于每个人来说,家是不可或缺的,它永远为你守候,即使有一天你发现你要离开它。 2 despite, in spite of, for all, notwithstanding Though he was inexperienced, he did a very good job. In spite of his inexperienced, he did a very good job. 尽管他在医学领域取得了很多成就,但是他依然很谦虚。 Despite what he achieved in medicine, he remained modest. 注意连词与介词短语用法上的区别 2 置于句首的while一般表示“尽管” While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother’s Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. I have excluded his because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 我之所以把他排除在外,是因为他得成就尽管可能促成道德问题的解决,但是他一直以来都没有已解决道德中的实际方面的问题为己任。 3 no matter wh- 可以用no matter what, who, when, where, which, how whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however来引导让步状语从句 No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it did not decrease in value. Many times in our lives, we are dropped, crumpled, and ground into the dirt by the decisions we make and the circumstances that come our way. We feel as though we are worthless. But no matter what has happened or what will happen, you will never lose your value in God’s eyes. 无论我如何对待那张钞票,你们还是想要它。因为它并没有贬值。人生路上,我们会无数次地被自己的决定或碰到的逆境击倒、欺凌甚至碾得粉身碎骨。我 们觉得自己一文不值。但无论发生了什么或将要发生什么,在上帝的眼中,你们永远不会丧失价值。 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 当一个新的艺术运动达到某种程度的流行时,我们最好搞清楚这个运动的倡导者们的目标是什么,因为不管他们的原则现在看来是如何牵强和不合理,很可能在将来它们会被视为正常规范。 The test of democratic society lies not in how well it can control expression, but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. 对任何民主的检验不在于它能够多好地控制言论的自由表达,而在于它能否尽可能更宽松地赋予思想自由和表达自由,不管结果有时可能会是多么有争议和令人不悦。 4 as 引导的倒装句表示让步 as引导的倒装句可以表示让步 结构:adj./adv./分词/名词(无冠词)/短语+as+主语+谓语动词 形容词置于句首 There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae. In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs. 还有一些沙漠昆虫,其幼虫靠着不活动来存活。此外,尽管很难以置信,但确有一种沙漠鱼,能够以不活动的卵的形式来抵御干旱,可以存活好几年。 副词置于句首 Again as he failed in doing this experiment, he didn’t lose his heart. 尽管他得实验再次失败了,但是他并不灰心。 分词置于句首 Praised as he was, he remained modest. 尽管他收到表扬,但他仍然很谦虚。 名词置于句首 Child as he is, he is knowledgeable. 他虽然还是个孩子,但知识渊博。 动词原形置于句首 Fail as I did, I would never stop trying. 尽管我失败了,但我决不会停止尝试。 Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 宇宙膨胀理论虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家十来年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。 5 as/so + 形容词+ as + 主谓结构,放在句首表示让步 As important as qualifications are, and you won’t get to an interview without the qualifications, the most important thing in fact is the character and how a person presents himself at interview. 在求职的过程中,资历固然重要,因为若没有很好的资历,你是得不到面试机会的。但事实上,最重要的是你的个性以及在面谈中你如何去展示你自己。 6 句首用be 的倒装句表示让步 Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. 金窝银窝,不如自己的草窝。 All substances, be they gaseous, liquid or solid, are made up of atoms. 一切物质,不论是气态、液态还是固态,都是由原子构成的。 Despite fats and oils are nutritionally important as energy sources, medical research indicates that saturated fats may contribute to hardening of the arteries.