2010届高三英语阅读理解冲刺精练系列3(含解析)

2010届高三英语阅读理解冲刺精练系列3(含解析) A Everyone wants some degree of success. Many people believe that they deserve (值得) success simply because they believe that they deserve success. But there is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential (有影响的) friends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted(升职)to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors (上司). This injustice discouraged the young engineer and many of her colleagues(同事). It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been. At the same, we should not be pessimistic (悲观的). More and more then modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their faces fit. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, “This can’t be right! $ 100 just for tapping(敲打)a machine with a hammer?” The engineer wrote out a new bill: “For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap. $99.” 1. The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because _____. A. it was politically less good for the boss to accept her than the man B. her boss did not think she had the right qualifications for the job C. the man who got the promotion was more experienced than she was D. it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than for her male colleague 2. The engineer who repaired the machine was right in charging $ 100 because____. A. he hit the machine to get it started again B. the factory owner could not have repaired it himself C. he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills D. he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with it 3. What can we learn about the author’s attitude toward the widespread belief that “people get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it”? A. He quite agrees with it. B. He doesn’t express his opinion hi s opinion at it. C. He completely disagrees with it. D. He doesn’t quite agree with it. 4. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true? A. Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimes. B. The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner. C. Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted. D. Those who are good in their jobs are still largely needed by the modern society. B Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates(碳水化合物)have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies. But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonf at and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt(酵母乳) that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.” 1.What lessons did the computer programme learn ? A.Overeating will cause weight gain B.He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day C.He can’t didn’t eat any fat D.His coach gave him a lecture 2.Prof. Barbara’s experiment proved that _______________. A.two groups ate the same amount of calories B.two groups ate the same amount of yogurt C.the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group D.people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group 3.According to the author ,________has less calories. A. fat B. protein and carbohydrates C. low-fat soups D. sugar 8. What can you infer from the text ? A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat food B. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates C. People should avoid temptation D. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food 参考答案及解析 1.A细节理解 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。根据第二段倒数第三句“Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable.”可知贝提拔者的特点是政治观点,所以正确答案是A。 2.C综合推断题。根据第三段第二句“because theya re good enough ”可知the manager 开100 美元的账单的理由就是自己的粗涩技艺,所以选择C。 3.D 观点态度题。第三段开头“all the same ”意为“even so ”即“即使如此”,可见 作者对这一观点不完全赞同。 4.B辨别正误题。B 项“overcharge”意为“讨价过高“,与原文意思不一致,因为讨价过高 只是the factory owner一人的观点,而作者认为这一收费合理。 5.A综合推理题。根据第二段的“ A Wisconsin computer programmer…beans a day ”推断出 B、C、D三项不符合原文内容。 6.D细节理解题。从第三段的“when we add nonfat foods to out diet,…”可以找到答案。 7.B概括归纳题。根据第一段的“F at has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohytrates have just four…”。第二段的“because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by…”可以推断出正确答案是B项。 8.D综合推理题。文章提及美国人想通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥,可是稍 微不注意就会达到反效果,他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。