中学生心理健康问题及对策（Mental health problems of middle school students and Countermeasures）

中学生心理健康问题及对策（Mental health problems of middle school students and Countermeasures） 中学生心理健康问题及对策(Mental health problems of middle school students and Countermeasures) Mental health problems of middle school students and Countermeasures Fuzhou fifteenth Gan Yalan The competition between the international economy and the overall national strength of contemporary international competition is obviously obvious. Competition between countries is essentially a competition for talent. The modernization of human quality (human modernization) is the prerequisite and guarantee of national modernization. Good quality of education is the key to the success of the education reform in our country, and the mental health education is the core and foundation of quality education, is one of the important contents of quality education, and quality education for the smooth development of obstacles and create favorable conditions. Therefore, psychological health education is the basis of carrying out quality education in an all-round way. Mental health education is of great significance to speed up the pace of China's educational reform. Middle school is an important stage for the growth of life and a critical period for the development of mental health. However, in the face of the intensifying competition in modern society, the limitations of education and the weakening of family education, many middle school students have different psychological obstacles and obstacles in varying degrees, which affect their healthy development. In recent years, many scholars have done a lot of investigation and Research on the mental health of young people. The result shows that the mental health status of young students in China is worrying. In particular, the suicide problems caused by the psychological problems of primary and secondary school students are serious, and the crime rate of crime is rising, and the average age of offenders is on the downward trend. As an educator, if we just stare at the eyes of the enrollment, employment, and neglect their mental health, they ignored the potential development, so numerous human resources will be quietly destroyed, not to mention a series of terrible consequences. This is not alarmist, but not unfounded. Therefore, as a mental health educator, it is our top priority to understand the current psychological problems of primary and secondary school students and to study the corresponding countermeasures. This article analyzes and expounds these problems. A. Common psychological problems of middle school students Secondary school is the most important period of life, but also the most prone to psychological problems during the period, the common psychological problems of primary and secondary school students are mainly the following: (1) learning problems The psychological problems caused by learning are the major part of the psychological problems of primary and middle school students: 1., the psychological pressure of students increases, and causes many physiological problems. At present, some schools in the guiding ideology of pursuit of enrollment rate, good schools, classes, exam ranking, make exams tactics, take some violation of the principle of psychological health education methods, teaching means and educational measures. This situation, on the one hand, the students all day in a highly nervous state a mental overload, causing students neurasthenia, insomnia, memory, attention and lax, there are some abnormal behavior and learning habits; on the other hand, the wrong views on scores of the students will have the psychological pain. To increase the psychological pressure. 2., study weariness is a prominent problem in study at present. Not only students with poor academic performance are reluctant to learn, but also some students who have better grades are tired of study. For example: the irrational structure of education shows that the teaching content is too difficult. "According to the people's education press survey, 80% of secondary school students have difficulty in learning science textbooks."". This has led some students to develop a series of conduct disorders, from aversion to learning, to avoidance of learning, from school to the pursuit of undue stimulation. Many educators have pointed out that too difficult materials will have a negative impact on the mental health of students, so it was a weariness, "responsible comrades of the State Education Commission a said at a meeting, in the current education condition, the weariness of the 30% County, some even as high as 60%". Therefore, weariness is a common psychological problem in modern middle school students. 3. examination anxiety, especially in the more important tests, anxiety is more serious, and even anxiety generalization phenomenon. In the current system of secondary education, There is the structure of China's education in a lot of unreasonable phenomenon, the ordinary middle school is particularly prominent, students have learned at school basically is a preparation for the university entrance exam, however, the actual increase of the university is only part of the students facing the entrance is difficult, difficult employment, narrow way phenomenon. Especially the underachiever is a feeling of their hopeless. A feeling of sadness and fear after graduation leaves them under control, a situation that reflects test anxiety. In addition, such as improper teaching methods, the teaching methods are not flexible, punitive, teacher's taunt, students despise or even parents complain and abuse, caused a lot of pressure to the psychology of the students, can cause all sorts of problems to the students' mental. (two) interpersonal problems Interpersonal problems also reflect more problems among middle school students. The problems are as follows: 1., the relationship between teachers and teachers. The main problem is that the teachers do not understand, distrust and cause the students' antagonistic psychology, as well as teachers' cognitive bias and so on. In primary and secondary schools, teachers are still the ideal goals and impartial representatives of the students. They want the teachers' care, understanding and love. If teachers lack of understanding, patience and love, not enthusiastic attitude give guidance to help, but to accuse, students will be disappointed. What's more, the teacher's lack of respect for students and the negative attitude of lowering their values have seriously damaged the students' psychology. Students, especially senior students, often feel sick about it, which is also the cause of the conflict between teachers and students. In this case, the students have a feeling of pressure, negative emotions, and the tension between teachers and students is becoming more and more tense. 2., the relationship between students. In addition to getting the teacher's understanding and support, middle school students also want to be accepted in class and classmates, and seek the understanding and trust of their classmates and friends. Because of the relationship between students is not harmonious, and even strained relationship, some students show a sense of loneliness, and want to restore the relationship with the students, and I do not know how to do. 3., the relationship with parents. Democratic harmony and good family give middle school students a warm home. In authoritarian families, parents and their children can not communicate normally, which leads to children's eccentric and overbearing personality. All kinds of scars from the family will cause high levels of psychological harm to middle school students. Some studies have suggested that parents who fail to die with one parent can do more harm to children in psychological matters because they see the badness of human relationships in their parents. The psychological impact on the students and parents are in many aspects, "abandoned and feelings of anger; and may become depressed, hostile and destructive, often makes them...... school work and social life are not interested in". They will think that their parents have brought and created pain for themselves, hating their parents and families, because the family is where everything is unfortunate. (three) adolescent psychological problems 1. adolescence closed mental. Its main performance is to tend to close, the exterior performance of blockade and the increasingly rich and complex inner activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that the closed psychology is a universal and special sign of adolescent psychology. Therefore, the psychological problems of atresia mainly refer to the psychology in the negative circumstances. If students are under the control of negative emotions and close any psychological communication with the outside world, it will be a notable symptom. 2. emotional agitation, disclosure and implicit. The physiological upheaval of puberty is bound to arouse the emotional agitation of middle school students. This turbulent emotion sometimes reveals, sometimes implicitly. A smile can make the mood all night flying, excited, excited, but their hearts happy or upset, depressed and on the surface it seems very quiet; they have something to have a secret and others say, whether parents or teachers can be met but silent, if this situation is not understanding, will appear psychological repression appear, anxiety and depression. Three Puppy love. Middle school students are generally not mature, we call this "immature love" as puppy love. Middle school students, especially high school students, are in puberty, and one of the most prominent contradictions in this period is the contradiction between the rapid maturity of sexual development and the relative immaturity of sexual psychology. Middle school students due to cognitive ability and personality development, especially in the education and guidance of time is not effective in the case, the students' psychological development show a relatively immature, so think carefully, hazy state love appeared, although this love with curiosity and imitation ingredients, but it is a an issue of great concern. (four) the obstacle of self-consciousness; Middle school students are in the "second duanruqi", with independent view of things, not blindly follow, self consciousness development. But at this stage of the school is from children's naive transition to a mature stage, semi mature, semi naive and independence and dependence coexist, the self consciousness development also shows the ups and downs, self evaluation, self control ability and is unable to correctly grasp, look at the problem easily stubborn, lopsided and absolute according to personal preferences and love; the moment of what prompted by a sudden impulse on the people, the lack of a rational and objective criteria; failing chenbuzhuqi, prone to anger, often fly into a rage, chunqiangshezhan, or even fight, lack of self-control. Treat yourself or underestimate their ability to see their own strengths or strengths, self denial, self depression, despair, have a strong sense of inferiority, lack of self-confidence; or ego, overestimate their own status, even thinks he is better than everyone else, often dream, the dream when the reality, and once suffered setbacks, it is easy to slide into the self shrinking and unable to get up after a fall. (five) the problem of frustration adaptation Secondary school students' setbacks come from many aspects, including learning, interpersonal relationships, interests and aspirations, and self respect. The reasons include objective factor, social environment factor and individual subjective factor. In the face of the difficulties and pains caused by setbacks, there are two kinds of reactions among middle school students: negative reactions and positive reactions. Once the habit of frustration and adjustment has been stabilized, in a certain situation, even though the frustration state has changed, the behavior still appears in the habit of adaptation. As a result, negative setbacks adapt to a more serious mental health problem that requires patient education for a long time. Two. Effective countermeasures to maintain middle school students' mental health In training and improving the psychological quality of middle school students, school education is very important. So, how do you do that? Specific practice, we believe that the following points: 1, create a harmonious atmosphere A harmonious atmosphere is conducive to the expansion and joy of the mind. Between teachers and students and the class, if it is a harmonious and United environment, then the teacher's psychological education for students will be half done. In this regard, teachers should pay attention to the initiative to establish a harmonious teacher-student relationship. If teachers have sincere trust, respect and encouragement to students, students will feel a kind of dignity of personality. Their inferiority, loneliness, loneliness, depression and other psychological problems will be greatly reduced. Once the students of the teacher have a friend's trust, they will take the initiative to open their hearts to tell their teachers, the passions, which is conducive to the teachers to understand the students' mind, to help them relieve psychological troubles. For example, "I believe you will do better." this is what I have often told students to say a word, I believe each teacher to the students' expectations, this shows that every teacher believe students do lurk enormous energy development, firmly believe that every student can succeed. In educational practice, there are many explorations, based on the belief that every student has the potential to succeed in learning, and has achieved a good effect in improving students' academic achievement. I firmly believe that every student will receive little success and progress in the teacher's constant expectation and encouragement. Secondly, we should bring up a harmonious class environment. Psychology believes that people's emotions, emotions or attitudes are reflected and reflected in the environment of the individual, there is no psychological phenomenon, there is no objective reason. Therefore, a harmonious environment will undoubtedly help students maintain mental health, form a good psychological quality, and make possible the occurrence of abnormal psychological phenomena to a minimum. In creating a harmonious class environment, the head teacher should do four aspects of work: One is the education of the class to establish friendly relationship with others sincerely, the fierce competitions and work together, can live together in peace together and sincere help, not only urge each other and trust each other, so that each student's mind is full of warmth and friendship. The two is to encourage and encourage proper exchanges between men and women in order to break the "mystery" between male and female students, and to meet the needs of adolescent students The psychological needs of sexual intercourse, while reducing the "puppy love" phenomenon. Three is to guide students, both to discover their unique strengths, but also to see other students' strengths, so that everyone in the class self-esteem At the same time, respect for other people's good manners, and ultimately enable each student to establish their dignity and pride, and happily accept themselves, Develop oneself with confidence. The four is to organize all kinds of interesting and interesting activities to adjust the students' nervous study life, so that they have a sense of collective pride And the sense of spiritual enrichment, to avoid long-term monotonous monotonous learning, to students caused anxiety, irritability and extreme tension and other bad mood. 2., set up special mental health education courses in secondary schools to help students understand the psychological science knowledge and master certain psychological adjustment Technique. In the teaching, we should face all the students, supplemented by individual counseling. It can be divided into two parts: Part one is knowledge theory Lectures, such as lectures on psychological hygiene, psychological adjustment, question answering, focus discussion, etc., tell students how to adapt to the new ring Accept new teachers, understand new students, how to communicate with people, learn how to control themselves, how to ease the pressure of exams and further studies In the face of setbacks, how to rise, in the psychological knowledge of learning, a clear understanding and correction of ideas, with a positive attitude to treat their own Psychological conflict. The other part is the activity training class, which is the most effective way to develop mental health education among middle school students. activity The content includes: sketch performance, role simulation, game exchange, mutual inquiry, and other forms of activities, in which students learn not only Introduce yourself, understand others, and socialize with people, and you can also master some, such as: transfer emotions, vent the pain, Give vent to the anger of the psychological adjustment means, nip in the bud. 3., through the teaching of various disciplines to infiltrate mental health education. Many courses in secondary schools include a variety of psychological health education Besides, teachers should actively and deeply excavate and exert a conscious and intentional influence on middle school students, so as to achieve the effect of "smoothing things silently". example For example, in Chinese teaching, teachers can be educated according to the personality of excellent literary works. In numbers, Sciences, and chemistry, you can pass the back It introduces the growing experience of scientists and extends them from the formula theorem to the establishment of correct ideas and the shaping of good character, The cultivation of cooperative spirit, etc.. Therefore, we can dig out the mental health education factors in the textbooks and bring the mental health education into Teaching The mechanism is of great benefit to the cultivation of students' psychological quality. Therefore, psychological education should be added to the teaching aims of various subjects The goal is to transform the educational model from knowledge education to quality education and psychological education. 4. to carry out psychological counseling and counseling work. The mental health consultation room can be set up for the freshmen in the school Comprehensive psychological test, establish and manage students' psychological files, identify high-risk groups, and identify students with high psychological barriers Referral to the higher level student counseling unit and individual and group counseling for students with mild maladjustment, such as maladjustment to freshmen, The old students in learning, interpersonal communication, emotion, education 'reporting volunteer psychological conflict and frustration psychological obstacles caused by issues such as individual and group counseling, outpatient consultation, telephone consultation, consultation, letters column consulting, on-site consultation, using the simple method of some psychological therapy to individual students an antidote against the disease, psychological disease treatment at the same time, should pay attention to their own image, sincere concern for students, enhance students' sense of trust. In this regard, we help the analysis of the causes of the exam is not good, let them realize that success or failure is common, enhance self understanding, encourage their own to find solutions. At the same time, we guide him to some emotional adjustment methods, such as listening to more light music, more activities, and more people to communicate, and so on, so as to overcome the depression, and develop good habits. 5., optimize the second classroom, and guide students to participate in various practical activities. The second class is to promote moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor The basic approach to all-round development and harmonious development of knowledge, emotion, meaning and action is to broaden the knowledge field and ideological realm of students Cultural accomplishment, expanding social scope and psychological capacity, and developing students' personality play an important role. Students practice both on and off campus Discover the potential of opening up yourself. The content of the second class is quite extensive, and the class of the school can be raised according to its actual situation We will conduct lectures on various situations, such as education, social life, psychological hygiene, reading, aesthetic and information processing. We can actively organize various social practice activities, such as visiting, investigating and visiting. Many types of extracurricular activities can be established to read Group. In short, the second class should strive to embody the ideological, intellectual, emotional, artistic, practical and student master Physical unity. 6., pay attention to the students, parents and other aspects of psychological propaganda. Mental health education for middle school students is not just school As a parent, I have more responsibility to cooperate with the school and do a good job in this aspect of education for children Health problems are directly or indirectly related to parenting styles and family relationships, and some even have family problems Performance and continuity. Therefore, in the family, parents should respect their children's sense of independence, and choose democratic style of tutoring Mutual trust, understanding and respect for the family atmosphere; should also pay attention to the child's spiritual world, and give appropriate guidance; Take the responsibility to relieve children's emotional stress, master critical art, and protect children's self-esteem, and avoid sarcasm and satire, Fanjiuzhang way criticize the child, hurt the child's self-esteem and personality. Efforts to improve adolescent parent-child relationships, so that secondary schools A smooth transition from adolescence to adolescence. Parents can scientifically and democratically treat their children according to their psychological changes Family education, then lamented the difficulties of children's education, "generation gap" insurmountable phenomenon will be greatly reduced. So, whether it's understanding The reasons for the difference between students' psychology and behavior, as well as the formulation and implementation of the consultation and correction plan, should all be supported by parents And fit. In addition, the school will make full use of, segment, speech, magazine, blackboard newspaper, newspaper, media etc. It is necessary for students to carry out mental health knowledge and publicize their mental health. The main contents should include psychologists and psychology, and improve them Self and emotional adjustment methods, case studies, hot track, psychological stories, student forums, psychological tests, and so on, so that students Monasteries in harmony on campus culture, and cultivate the psychological quality imperceptibly. As a result, school mental health Education should give consideration to students, parents and other aspects of publicity. To strengthen the mental health education for youth is the youth physical and mental health, personality and healthy and harmonious development of the adolescents' social adaptive ability development needs, but also the social requirements of future builders, the quality of the participants, its importance has been a general consensus. "It takes a hundred years. Education is a long and complex project, In the full implementation of quality education today, we must take the students' good mental health education as an important task. Only in this way can we truly lay a solid foundation for the development of students in the primary and secondary education.