IEC 61400-11 噪声测量技术

IEC 61400-11 噪声测量技术 IEC 61400-11 风力发电机组, 第11部分:噪声测量技术 1 范围 这个程序介绍的方法能够以一致的和正确的方式确定单个风力机噪声发散的特性。这个程序包括以下部分: , 特定的声学测量位置; , 获得声学、气象学和相关风力机运行数据的必要条件; , 分析获得的数据和数据报告的内容; , 分析特殊声学发散参数和环境评估中的相关描述。 2 方法大纲 应用这个国际表标准描述的方法提供视在有利声功率级、频率和在整数风速6到10m/s时单独风力机的声值。可选的，方向性也可能被决定。 为了受到地形影响、大气条件或风力产生的噪声的最小影响测量在靠近涡轮的特定位置进行。在试验、参考距离R基于风力机使用的尺寸的情况下说明风0 力机的尺寸。 通过放置在地面上的甲板上的麦克风进行测量能减少麦克风产生的风力噪声和最小化不同地面类型产生的影响。 在短时间周期和大范围风速中同时测量声压级和风速。标准风速被修改成相应的参考高度10m和参考在粗糙长度0.05m的风速。声音级在标准风速6、7、8、9和10m/s时被决定和用于计算视在有利声功率级。 通过比较在参考位置测量到的涡轮周围其它三个方向的声级确定方向性。 附件情报包括: , 风力机噪声发散和它们的量的其它可能特性(附件 A); Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. , 录音/重放设备标准(附件 B); , 湍流强度评估(附件 C); , 测量不确定性评估(附件 D)。 3 使用仪器 声学工具 确定等价连续声级的设备 确定三分之一倍频程波段范围的设备 确定窄波段范围 有测量甲板和挡风玻璃的麦克风 声学口径测量器 数据录音/重放系统 非声学工具 风速计 电能传感器 风向传感器 其它使用仪器 可追踪的刻度 以下设备将被有规律的选定和由一个国家或首要标准实验室进行校准。 最后刻度的最大时间将被规定为各个项目中设备的要求: , 声学口径测量器(12月) , 麦克风(24月) , 整体声级表(24月) , 频谱分析器(36月) , 数据录音/重放系统(24月) , 风速计(24月) , 电能传感器(24月) 4 测量和测量程序 Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. 测量位置 声学测量位置 风速和方向测量位置 声学测量 声学测量要求 , 完整的测量链将包括测量前和测量后至少在一个频率，或如果麦 克风在重新配置期间时不连贯的。 , 所有声学信号必须被记录和贮存用于随后的分析。 , 闯入间歇性后台噪声的周期(例如航行器)将被忽略。 , 在风力机停止的时候，使用相同的测量结构，后台噪声将被立即 测量在风力机噪声测量系列之前或之后和相似的风力条件。在测 量后台噪声时，所有的影响将被确定后台声音测量是典型的后台 噪声在风力机噪声发散测量期间。 , 测量将包括实际可能的风速的范围。在几个连续测量的测量中获 得充足的风速范围将是必须的。 在参考位置1的声学测量 声级 三分之一倍频程波段测量 窄波段测量 在2、3和4位置的可选声学测量 其它可选测量 非声学测量 风速测量 方法1:从电力输出和功率曲线确定风速 方法2:由风速计确定风速 风向 Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. 其它大气条件 5 数据压缩程序 风速 后台噪声修正 视在声功率级 三分之一倍频程波段级 音值 普通方法 鉴别可能音值 临界波段内的频谱线分类 确定音值水平 修正后台噪声 确定掩饰噪声级 确定音值 可听度 方向性(可选) 6 报告信息 风力机特性 风力机详细资料: , 制造商; , 模型编号; , 序列号。 运行详细资料: , 垂直或水平轴风力机; , 上风向或下风向风轮; Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. , 轮毂高度; , 转子中心到塔轴的水平距离; , 风轮直径; , 塔架类型(格子式或管桶式); , 被动停转，主动停转或偏航控制涡轮; , 常数或变化速度; , 功率曲线(如果要求决定风速); , 在6到10m/s的各个整数标准风速下和在额定功率的转速; , 额定功率输出; , 控制软件翻译。 转子详细资料: , 转子控制装置; , 中心发电机、停止带、锯齿装饰刀片的存在; , 叶片类型; , 叶片编号。 齿轮箱详细资料: , 制造商; , 模型编号; , 固定平行轴或星形齿轮箱。 发电机详细资料: , 制造商; , 模型编号; , 转动速度。 物理环境 在风力机场地和测量位置附近的以下物理环境信息将被记录: , 场地的详细资料包括位置、场地地图和其它相关信息; , 周围地区(接近1km)的地形学/地形类型(丘陵、平地、悬崖、山 Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. 脉等); , 表面特性(例如草地、沙、树、矮树丛、水面); , 附近反射结构例如建筑或其它结构、悬崖、树、水面; , 可能影响后台噪声级的其它附近声源，例如其它风力机、公路、工 业综合体、飞机; , 两个照片，一个从参考麦克风位置照向风力机方向，另一个从风杆 照向风力机; , 一个地面上的测量板上的麦克风和直接环境的照片，见图2。 使用仪器 以下测量仪器的信息将被记录: , 制造商; , 仪器的名字和类型; , 序列号; , 其它相关信息(例如最终刻度系数); , 在连续测量中测风计的位置和高度; , 次级风屏幕的影响，如果使用。 声学数据 以下声学数据将被记录: , 各个测量系列的麦克风的测量位置; L, 在6到10m/s的各个整数风速的和后台修正标准化评估图表。WA,K 图标的轴为直线，刻度为1m/s对应2dB; , 在测量位置1的风力机的声音和后台噪声的一对测量数据图表(使 LV用不同符号)。在图上，和轴将被为直线，刻度为1m/s对应AeqS 2Db; , 在6到10m/s的各个整数风速的三个倍频程的声压频谱表格和绘图; Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change. 相配的图在1倍频程,10dB,级别使用星号做标记。 在各个整数风速(k,6、7、8、9、10); , (在j,1、2、3、…12)在各个确定的音调; ,Ltn,j,k , 在各个确定音调; ,Lk , 在各个确定音调; ,La,k , 音调的频率; , 用于各个确定音调频谱线分类的典型10s能量平均频谱标志; , 各个连续测量的时间和日期。 非声学数据 需要记录以下非声学数据: , 风速确定方法; , 空气温度; , 大气压力; , 粗糙长度; , 在各个连续测量中的风向的范围(平均超过1min周期)。 可能被记录的可选的非声学数据包括: , 在声学测量期间评估或测量湍流强度: , 湍流强度数据是通过测量还是通过气象条件推断确定的。 不确定性 以下音量报告中的不确定性将被评估和记录: , 在整数风速时的视在声功率级; , 在各个整数风速时参考位置的噪声三分之一倍程频波段频谱; , 在参考位置风力机标准的声音发散的音值。 Details of green to introduce "the art of bonsai" concept, plant morphology, leaf color, aromas to create different moods and charms. (B) improving air pollution prevention and control. …… Air pollution sources in the four areas, a dust pollution and industrial enterprises of coal-burning pollution. A significant proportion of gypsum, stone processing enterprises and use of glass furnace standards of environmental protection facilities. Second, poor dust control, wide range of construction dust, road dust capacity. Three is to build coal-fired boilers in the region, particularly within the city's outdoor barbecue gas discharge seriously. Four motor vehicle exhaust is not inIn particular the greening of urban areas, it is necessary to carefully select the species suited to local soils, reflecting ... ... Features also allow for the evergreen trees, so that people walking in the shade. On one handTo expand green areas, improve planting quality fuss; but also to focus on simplicity and generosity of the green on the other hand, to enhance the Visual effect of green scale. Big green landscape according to the terrain the moderate, plant communities in natural, varied colors, flowers and clear principles, reflect the level, color and seasonal change.