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完整的钢琴基础教案

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完整的钢琴基础教案完整的钢琴基础教案 第一章 钢琴电子琴弹奏的基本知识 教学目标:通过教学使学生了解钢琴电子琴弹奏的基本知识~包括 认识五线谱、弹奏钢琴电子琴的坐姿、手型、钢琴键盘 的分组~弹琴时力的方向以及钢琴踏板的运用。 教学重点:1、五线谱基本知识的掌握 2、五线谱知识的实际应用 3、钢琴键盘的分组 4、键盘分组法和乐谱分组法的区别 5、弹琴时力的方向 6、钢琴踏板功能及使用 7、钢琴弹奏时的基本姿势 教学难点:1、力度记号的掌握及实际演奏中的效果 2、钢琴键盘的分组 3、弹奏过程中手型的控制 4、钢琴踏...

完整的钢琴基础教案
完整的钢琴基础教案 第一章 钢琴电子琴弹奏的基本知识 教学目标:通过教学使学生了解钢琴电子琴弹奏的基本知识~包括 认识五线谱、弹奏钢琴电子琴的坐姿、手型、钢琴键盘 的分组~弹琴时力的方向以及钢琴踏板的运用。 教学重点:1、五线谱基本知识的掌握 2、五线谱知识的实际应用 3、钢琴键盘的分组 4、键盘分组法和乐谱分组法的区别 5、弹琴时力的方向 6、钢琴踏板功能及使用 7、钢琴弹奏时的基本姿势 教学难点:1、力度记号的掌握及实际演奏中的效果 2、钢琴键盘的分组 3、弹奏过程中手型的控制 4、钢琴踏板的使用 教学方法:讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排:10学时 授课内容: 第一节 认识五线谱 一、五线谱 五线谱是由线和间组成的~其每一条横线与以此形成的每一个间都有不同的作用和意义(包括加线与加间)。 1(线与间 (1)五线谱上的线从下向上依次可分为五条线。 (2)从下往上又可依次分为四个间。 2(加线与加间 由于记谱需要~经常在乐谱上或下出现加线现象~于是又分别形成了下加线~下加间,上加线~上加间。如图: 二、力度记号 ,1,强 f 中强 mf 特强 sf ,渐强,Cresando, 突强 sfz 强音标记“f”越多音越强。 如:f、ff、fff、ffff等。 ,渐强,Cresando, ,2,弱 p 中弱 mp 强后即弱 fp ,渐弱(dim)等等 突强即弱 sfp 弱音标记“p”越多音越弱。 如p、pp、PPP、PPPP等。 三、重音、保持音和跳音记号 (1)“>”重音记号(强音记号) 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示演奏、演唱时加重音(在有些情况下~如用某些乐器演奏时 往往被处理成小渐弱)。 (2)“一”保持音记号 表示演奏、演唱时尽量饱满充分。 (3)“〃”跳音记号 表示演奏、演唱时必须跳奏。 四、反复记号 表示乐曲反复。然而该记号又有多种形式。 (1) 局部反复~在两个记号之间反复。 (2)D(C((da copo)从头再奏。 D(S((da segno)从 记号起再奏一遍。 另:D(C(e(1a(Fine从头再奏至“Fine"为止或D(S(e( la coda从头再奏至“ ”处~然后跳到Coda(结尾)。 (3)“ ” 无定次反复记号 “ ”延长记号。表示乐曲在此处停顿或延长。 “ ” 换气记号。表示乐曲必要的呼吸。 另:“~”分句记号~也被称为小换气记号。 五、谱表 1、高音谱号和高音谱号上的音 高音谱号具有实际意义的记谱应该是从五线谱的下加一线开始~即人们非常熟悉的中央“C”(中央C之下的音有时也用高音谱号去记谱~但由于它与低音谱号的记谱相重复~故不典型~也相对少见)。在许许多多的音当中具有实际意义的只有七个(不包括黑键)。而这七个音则各自有它们的唱名和音名。 2(低音谱号和低音谱号上的音 低音谱号的记谱从实际意义上来说应该是从五线谱的上加一线开始向下记谱。(而再往上则由于同高音谱号相重复而不典型~且无太多的实际意义)这个音就是中央C。如图: 3(大谱表(大谱号) 正是由于高、低音谱号的这种对接关系~为了方便许多乐器如:钢琴、管风琴的使用~人们常常把两个谱号合起来~形成了所谓的大谱表——键盘谱表。如: 六、音符 一般情况下~音符通常由三个部分组成:符头、符干、符尾。 七、变音记号 变音记号:使音在原有基础上产生音高变化的记号。 通常情况下~变音记号有以下五种: (1)#:升记号表示音在原有基础上向上升高一个半音。 (2)b:降记号表示音在原有基础上向下降低一个半音。 (3)×:重升记号~表示音在原有的基础上向上升高两个半音(一个全音)。 (4) b b:重降记号~表示音在原有基础上向下降低两个半音(一个全音)。 (5) :还原记号~表示音在已升高或降低的情况下重新还原。 课外作业: 1、牢记不同的强、弱记号。在拜厄练习曲中找到该记号。 2、请区分重音、保持音和跳音记号。 3、 反复记号的作用是什么?请在钢琴基础教程中找到有各种反复记号的乐曲~并把其演奏的段落标记出来。 4、 请记住中央C在高音谱表和低音谱表上的位臵。 教学后记: 第二节 钢琴的键盘 今天~钢琴所使用的音律是十二平均律~即:将一个八度之内的音平均分成十二个等分而成~由低到高总共形成了八十多个音(其他西洋乐器大都以十二平均律为基准)。为了方便使用或记谱~人们又将这些音进行了分组。下面介绍一下通常较流行的分组方式。 1(钢琴键盘分组法~具体方法是按钢琴键盘图划分音区。如图: 2(乐谱分组法~该种分组方式是以(钢琴键盘为基础的)高、低音谱号上的音为主。实际上是按音符划分音区。如图: 在这两种分组法中~较流行的是前一种。 3(两种不同的标记法 (1)钢琴键盘分组法的标记 A2、B2、Cl、Dl、El、Fl、Gl、A1、Bl、C、D、E、F、G、A、B、c、d、e、f、g、a、b、cl、dl、el 、fl、gl、al、bl、c2、d2、e2、f2、g2、a2、b2、c3、d3、e3、f3、g3、a3、b3、c4、d4…… (2)乐谱分组法的标记 C、D、E、F、G、A、B、Cl、Dl、El、FI、GI、AI、Bl、C2、D2、E2、F2、G2、A2、 B2、C3、D3、E3、F3、G3、A3、B3、C4…… 课外作业: 1、 熟记钢琴键盘的分组。 2、 对照键盘熟练的说出音名。 3、 右手在键盘上弹奏小字一组的音阶。 4、 左手在键盘上弹奏小字组的音阶。 教学后记: 第三节 钢琴电子琴弹奏的基本姿势 一、正确的坐姿 学习钢琴第一步先要掌握正确的坐姿。坐的位臵与姿势对于钢琴演奏的手位、用力、跑动、移位、转指等等环节均有影响。坐的位臵与姿势不正确~会十分影响弹奏质量。 首先要放好琴凳位臵。琴凳离钢琴的远近距离直接决定了人体与钢琴的距离。琴凳放得太近~身体会把肘部挡住~两肩可能与身体夹紧而致使手臂无法顺利左右移动~两手弹到向中间靠拢的位臵就会以斜角触键~无法保持手指与键盘成一条直线。琴凳放得太远~手臂可能伸直地演奏~那样无法控制手指有效地动作。要不然~人体可能过于前倾以使手指接触键盘~导致整个身体对指尖的无谓压力。 正确的坐姿应当是:臀部不要全部坐满琴凳~只要坐到约三分之一的位臵~身体应支持在两腿而不是臀部上。坐好后~试一下能不能轻松地站起来~倘若双腿能轻而易举地将身体支撑起来,站得起来,~就是正确的坐姿~人与钢琴地位臵应以双臂自然下垂~双手放在键盘上之后~两肘能顺利地在胸前回合为准。双臂应像鸟儿的两只翅膀一样张合自如。琴凳应与钢琴平行~不要斜放。年龄小的学生需要用垫脚板或小矮凳将两脚支撑住~不要让两只脚悬空晃荡。 坐的时候~脊椎要挺直~不要随意弯曲~头颈平直~但两肩必须保持放松~自然下垂。肩部完全放松是极为重要的。从学琴依始的第一课~就必须防止产生任何情形的紧张。肩部、肘部、腕部这三大关节~都要学会自然放松~避免关节僵硬与肌肉紧张。 坐姿正确~有利于全身力量向指尖传送~有利于大拇指的转弯~有利于位臵的大范围左右转移~有利于身体向键盘的低声区,向左,与高声区,向右,的快速移动。 人的身高、体积、臂长、腿长各不相同~必须根据自己的身体条件决定坐的正确位臵。只有坐得舒服~我们才可以在钢琴上奏出真正的属于钢琴的高质量的声音。 二、正确的五指手型 保持正确的手型在钢琴初学阶段尤为重要。人的自然手型并不适合弹钢琴。因为~拇指的自然状态是内外伸曲不能上下垂直运动,食指习惯握物~不擅上下连续运动,中指与无名指关节相连~不易分离,小指向外侧斜倒~且最软弱无力~不易站立起来。 因此~弹奏钢琴的五指手型必须克服上述各个手指的弱点~小指需直竖起来~使小指能够垂直站立。手掌需向外侧旋转~才能站起五指~而决不能任其倾倒。无名指也应垂直站起~指尖向前方挺出。中指、食指依此与键盘保持直线~使每个手指都能成为键盘的直线延伸。大指需在指尖外测尖角上触键~而不应使整个拇指横躺在键盘上。 课外作业: 1、 掌握正确的坐姿。每次弹琴前先检查一下自己的坐姿是否正 确。 2 、练习五指手型~弹奏哈农1、2课。要对准乐谱上的音阶~ 要 保持手型不变。 教学后记: 第四节 弹琴时力的方向 在钢琴上弹奏出优美的声音, 必须在触键时有集中的力, 一个集中的力有它一定的方向、一定的目的。由于钢琴的发声设计, 是用力学原理类似的跷跷板, 一边向下给予一个力, 另一边则向上产生反作用力, 带动了琴槌, 敲击琴弦。 因此, 在琴键上施力时,力的方向是向下, 目的地是琴键的底部。由于地心引力的关系, 地球上任何一个集中向下的力所产生的声音都是自然、放松宽广的, 由一些事证:当一个水滴聚集了足够的重量,滴落焉时, 声音轻脆而透明,再比如当一个苹果成熟时, 毫无负担地掉落在地上,声音响亮而放松。 在钢琴的弹奏上,如何将身体的力量, 集中而又向下地传到指尖, 再传到琴键的底部, 是一个相当基本且重要的问题, 不仅关系到声音的好坏, 也是弹奏时放松与否的关键。在我们的身体上,到底哪一部位是所有力的聚焦呢,我们做个实验:把琴盖关上,用双手推开琴盖, 推的时候, 你会发现身体自然向前, 手臂跟着向前, 而手腕则自然向前下方, 手掌一个力量以推动琴盖, 当放松不用力时,身体便恢复自然:手臂拉回、手腕自然向上放松。 我们发现手腕是整个臂膀的最低点, 身体的力经过了肩膀、手臂聚集在手腕, 再由手腕传到手部。因此, 手腕是一个可将手臂及传达到的关键。当触键的时候, 集中在手腕的呼向下带手,使手指将琴键向下按到底, 发出声音, 当要结束此音时,只要将手腕轻轻向上一带, 手则因力离开柔软的离开 。 当我们学会了能把全部重量放下去后~进一步我们就可以调节重量的轻重。在手臂重量自如运用的基础上~我们可进一步发展运用身体的力量。有了良好的基础~我们的力度和音色可以越来越多 地变化。要想让钢琴发出它应有的音响~要想能自如地、得心应手地弹琴~并且达到以后能真正驾叹钢琴~首要就要把握住弹琴时力的方向。基础是手臂要放松自如~手指要站立支撑~把手臂的自然重量和手指的承受能力很好地结合起来。 课外作业: 1、 多次练习~体会力的聚焦~找到弹琴时力的方向。 2、 练习拜厄右手触键练习24条。 教学后记: 第五节 钢琴踏板的运用 "踏板被人称为钢琴的灵魂。"从鲁宾斯坦的这一名言我们不难看出钢琴踏板的运用在钢琴演奏中占有非常重要的地位。 一(踏板的基本功能 钢琴踏板的使用是弹奏方法中一项必不可少的内容。踏板使用得好坏~直接影响到弹奏的声音、色彩和风格。因此在谈钢琴踏板的使用技巧之前~有必要先简介一下钢琴踏板的最基本的功能。 1、右踏板是延音踏板。一踩下去~钢琴里的制音器全部打开~所有弹到的音就会延长。当脚一抬起来~制音器又压在琴弦上~音的延长就中止。 2、左踏板是弱音踏板。在一般家用立式钢琴上~踩下左踏板~琴槌整个往前挪一些~离琴弦的距离就缩短了~声音相应就弱了。这样声音不但弱多了~而且产生了不同的音色变化。所以有时乐谱上标明"一根弦"或"三根弦"就是表示用左踏板式是放开左踏板。由于左踏板在演奏琴上能作出这样的力度和音色的变化~它的作用就不仅是帮助演奏者弹得更弱~也是为了增加声音的柔和~并除掉音质中任何敲击的成分。左踏板往往被比作"旋乐演奏者的弱音器"。 3、中踏板最经常地的被称做延长音踏板。在立式钢琴上~它会使击弦机上方一块厚绒降下来~挡在琴槌与琴弦之间~这样弹出来的声音就小得只有自己听得见~屋外的人则听不见~这是为了不影响别人~没有演奏上的意义。如果钢琴的高音声部极为复杂~但是左手的跨度又很大~必须弹奏低音需要将低音延长~如此一来~钢琴家就不能两头兼顾~这时候~左踏板的优势就极为明显了:它的作用就是在这是发挥了出来。钢琴家踩住这个踏板~再弹低音~这个低音就会被持续然后~在这个低音的支持下~就能很从容的弹奏较高声部的曲调。所以~这踏板就是解放左手~有目的的减低弹奏难度的踏板。 二、踏板的使用 1(脚的位臵 脚的位臵在使用踏板的时候是非常重要的~因为在演奏当中脚的错误位臵会妨碍脚和手之间的敏感的相互作用~尤其是在同一时间用同一只脚使用两个踏板的时候~如有时需要这样用中踏板和左踏板时。正确的方法是脚应放在能使最大的压力点来自脚趾和脚的交界处的位臵上。不要太靠近钢琴~脚尖几乎顶着琴板~用脚心踩踏板~这样不灵便,也不要偏远~只用脚趾踩踏板~这样不塌实。 2(脚的动作 脚跟不要离开地面~以脚踝为主要动作部位~用前脚掌将踏板踩下去、放起来。放掉时~脚掌可以一直不离踏板~如果为了放得干净也可以稍离一点点。 课外作业: 1、 掌握踏板的作用及实际演奏中产生的效果。 2、 踏板使用中脚的正确踩踏方法。 3、 练习拜厄左手触键练习24条。 4、 在弹奏练习曲过程中~练习踩钢琴踏板。 教学后记: 第二章 钢琴弹奏技巧 拜厄《钢琴基本教程》写作于19世纪50年代的德国~一百多年来作为钢琴初学者的入门教材而广为流传~是以弹奏钢琴作为出发点的~是一本打基础的教材。“拜厄”无论从乐理知识的严谨、 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 方面,把握先简后繁~循序渐进的教学原则方面,以及在技术性和音乐性的结合方面~都不失为一本学习钢琴演奏的优秀初级教材。开始学的时候不能操之过急~音乐的起步是很重要的~一定要有耐心的慢慢的开始。 为了养成良好的习惯~起初就必须谨慎、用心、认真听着自己弹出的声音~更要扎实地打好乐理的基础~培养良好的读谱习惯~掌握各种钢琴弹奏技巧。 第一节 断奏基本练习 教学目标:1、掌握断奏的技巧 2、培养读音型的读谱习惯 3、在识谱过程中巩固乐理知识 教学重点: 1、断奏的技巧 2、读谱习惯 教学难点: 断奏练习时节奏的把握 教学方法: 讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排: 4学时 授课内容: 断奏是钢琴弹奏法的最简单、最基本的弹奏方法之一~是掌握其它弹奏法的前提~它的重要性是不言而喻的。因此~对它的动作的 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 一定要尽量的准确和精致。 一、整个断奏的动作可以分为两个过程: 1.在良好的坐姿的条件下将手放在琴键上,可以先进行一只手,~让手臂和肩部充分放松~然后非常松弛地通过肩、臂和腕把手“拎”起来。 2(在手臂将手带到一定距离后让 手臂彻底放松并使手迅速地“落”回琴键上。注意不是“砸”或“摔”在琴键上。这时由于手臂的重量加上下落的速度会产生很大的力量~足可以将琴键弹下去发出声音。因此~第二个过程是下落的过程。 二、动作要领 这两个过程形成了断奏弹奏法的一个基本动作~在这一完整的动作过程中~要注意以下四个动作要领: 第一~“松”要适度~要松弛而不要松懈。否则~手指和手臂都完全失去控制~同样弹不出好的声音。当然~比松懈更可怕的是 过度紧张。 第二~手带离键盘后不要举的太高~否则下落时不好控制~也很容易弹错音。抬起手是为了让它落下去~因此~只要把手抬到能使其自然落下并获得一定的速度就可以了。 第三~落下后手不要松垮地“趴”在键盘上~要保持住基本的手型。但又不能为了保持手 型而过于僵硬~否则声音就会太“硬”。可见~钢琴弹奏法中就是这样充满了矛盾。 第四~手指要能起到很好的支撑作用~就必须“站住”不能太“软”~更不能“瘪”下去,或称为“折指”,。 课外作业: 1、 用断奏方法弹奏拜厄右手触键练习1—24条 2、 用断奏方法弹奏拜厄左手触键练习1—24条 3、 用断奏方法弹奏拜厄双手练习1—24条 4、 哈农练习曲第一条 教学后记: 第二节 连奏基本练习 教学目标:1、掌握连奏的动作 2、不同作品中连奏的处理方法 3、在识谱过程中巩固乐理知识 教学重点:1、连奏的动作 2、读谱习惯 教学难点: 连奏练习时手臂的放松及节奏的把握 教学方法: 讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排: 4学时 授课内容: 连奏是钢琴表演中的一个最常见、最重要~同时也是最复杂的一个技术手段~说它常见和重要~是因为在几乎所有的钢琴作品里都需要大量的连奏弹法~而且经常应用在一些很重要的旋律或副旋律上。 一、连奏的重要性 1( 所谓连奏是将断奏的基本方法有效地组织起来~使弹奏动作连续地进行~并使每个音之间紧密地衔接起来。所以~连奏在基本动作和重量等方面的要求和断奏是有密切联系的。也就是要注意重量在连奏中仍然是一个不能忽视的关键问题。因此~手臂的放松依然是我们的前提之一。 2( 既然是连奏~手就不能离开键盘~否则音就一定会断开。而如果手指不能离开键盘~否则音就一定会断开。而如果手指不能离开键盘~那么就不能再象断奏那样把手臂抬起来以获得下键的力量。为了弥补这一问题~我们要求在弹奏连奏时~要让手指适当地抬起来。这主要有两方面的作用:一是弥补手臂不能抬起而造成缺少下落力量的缺陷,二是通过抬指使手指的触键获得“颗粒”感。 3(在初学连奏阶段~最好把每一组连奏音的第一个音用断奏的方法“落”下去~然后使后面的几个音在这一“落”下的重量的移动中完成。也就是说~一组连音~实际上只需要手臂的一个重量~而不需要每个音都用手臂压一下。 4(随着连奏学习内容的逐步复杂和多样~重量转移的动作要逐渐从外部动作转化到内部~特别是手腕的上下左右的运动要尽量减少。此时要特别注意放松。 5(在逐渐复杂起来的连奏中~手指的动作要逐渐起到主导作用。 二、连奏中应注意的问题: 1、手臂放松~动作减少~使各种动作逐渐从外部转化到内部~以便把主要的注意力放到手指的动作中。 2、指尖永远要能够体会到重量的感觉~这样才能却保手臂的重量传送到键盘。而且为了使瘦子达到收效地支撑和避免经常出现的“折指”现象~特别是为了加强颗粒性~要有意识地训练手指的触键能力。提高“下键”的速度。也就是说~要快速下键。 3、手指的动作要有连续性。 课外作业: 1、 用右手弹奏拜厄主题及十二首变奏曲~要掌握好手的动 作~ 要注意有连线的地方的弹奏技巧。 2、 用左手弹奏拜厄主题及八首变奏曲~要掌握好手的动作~ 要注意有连线的地方的弹奏技巧。 3、 哈农练习曲第二条 教学后记: 第三节 跳奏基本练习 教学目标:1、掌握跳奏的动作 2、培养读音型的读谱习惯 3、在识谱过程中巩固乐理知识 教学重点:1、跳奏的动作 2、读谱习惯 教学难点: 跳奏练习时的动作及触键声音 教学方法: 讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排: 4学时 授课内容: 跳奏的练习与断奏的练习动作正好相反,一般跳奏的标记为音符上方的"点"或"三角". 一、跳音与顿音的区别 带点的音称为跳音,带三角的音称为顿音,二者弹法相同,但表现内容不同.跳音表示轻巧,灵活.顿音表示语气的坚定.但这些弹奏上的区别主要表现在后期的练习之中.对于初期的练习还是以动作为主. 二、跳奏的动作要求 : 1、将手放松的放在键盘上~注意要自然放松。快速抬起并停在空中~大致达到谱架的高度,同断奏抬手的高度相同,。快速放回手指~在这个过程中部弹奏任何音符~要注意动作的过程中手腕始终要保持稳定。 2、在抬手的同时~手指自然的碰到琴键~弹出声音~要注意手的方向是向上抬起~“不要先象下落~弹音后再抬起”。 注意:跳奏的主要特点就是抬手时弹音~如果这个动作做的准确~弹出的跳音是很灵活轻巧的 课外作业: 1、弹奏拜厄四首练习部分3 — 9条练习曲~弹奏时要掌握好 手 的动作~要注意身体动作的协调性~要注意有连线的地方的弹奏技巧~要严格按照指法练习。 2、哈农练习曲第3条。 练习要求:高抬指快触键。把手指抬高~垂直快速地下键~以达到稳定、坚挺、有力的声音。 教学后记: 第四节 乐句的弹奏 教学目标:1、掌握乐句弹奏的技巧 2、正确分析乐句 3、在识谱过程中巩固乐理知识 教学重点:弹奏乐句的动作及乐句的理解 教学难点:乐句的涵义及弹奏中需要注意的问题 教学方法:讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排:2学时 授课内容: 乐句的情形无穷无尽的~乐句的弹奏也是非常重要的~只有正 确 理解和处理好乐句~才能很好完成所要弹奏的作品。 一、理解乐句。 首要的是理解他的气质、性格、风格,看清乐音运动的走向、 趋 势、逻辑关系,懂得乐句的涵义。乐句的涵义是?什么这可是只能意会不能言传的事。意会~听起来有点神秘~其实也并非深不可及。只要静下心来~总可以听出来或是愉快的~或是伤心的~或是兴奋的~或是沉重的~或是诙谐的~或是痛苦的~或是美好的~或是疑问的~或是开心的~等等。对这类问题有来基本的领会~就是基本理解了乐句的涵义。 二、分析乐句 把理解到的东西与音色的选择、连或断的奏法、力度及其对比变化、安排好指法等技术问题结合起来。 三、弹奏中需要注意的问题 1、弹好开头音。开头音~通常要用“落下去”的动作弹出来为 要落下~先要提起。但是提得多高,落得多快,给予多少重量,想要发出什么样的声音,是深吸一口气从容地开头,还是急吸一口起灵巧地开始,凡此~都要深思熟虑一番。 2、弹好收尾音。一个乐句意义的完整~有赖尾音的妥善处理。尾音~必须是前面那些音的合乎逻辑的、顺情合理的归宿。弹不好收尾音~将把乐句的意思部分地或整个地歪曲掉。还要注意尾音的收尾动作~收尾时~通常要抬手离键。这个抬手动作也不可忽视。 3、重视开头收尾~也不能轻视中间~主要是指想想开头音是怎么样走到收尾音的,这个“走到”的过程~必定有起有伏。即使是用一个同音组成的乐句也会有力度上的起伏。其中~最重要的是起伏中的顶点。到达顶点的途中会有骨干音的推进。顶点之后~就是转折、下降开始。不骨干音、顶点音、转折处弹得鲜明~是弹好乐句的又一个关键。 4、在弹奏非连奏、跳音、中间有休止符号的乐句时~要特别注意音断意不断、旋律线的“句感”不断。 课外作业: 1、弹奏拜厄练习曲10 — 15条~要掌握好手的动作~要注意 有 连线的地方的弹奏技巧~要严格按照指法练习~并掌握好节奏。 2、哈农练习曲第4条 教学后记: 第五节 钢琴弹奏中的弹奏速度 教学目标:1、弹奏中速度的把握 2、培养读音型的读谱习惯 3、在识谱过程中巩固乐理知识 教学重点:不同作品中速度的处理方式 教学难点: 弹奏过程中速度的控制 教学方法: 讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排: 2学时 授课内容: 有关节奏的分句的一切因素最终都由速度来控制和调整。 一、速度的含义 速度的含义有两个~其一~某一作品所要求的速度,其二~演奏者处理这一速度的方式。在音型雷同的连续演奏中~最基本的一条就是既不能快得含糊不清又不能慢得冗长单调~而且必须始终保持均匀、平稳的脉动~除非出于表情上的需要而不得不中断这一连续的脉动或者加以变化。 二、速度是一个相对因素 不可否认~某个作品的初始速度不是绝对固定的。正如两个朗诵者以不同的速度来朗诵同一首诗~都可以很精彩一样。两位钢琴家尽管采用不同的速度~也可以把同一首乐曲表现得非常出色。因此~演奏家要判别正确的演奏速度~只须自问一下~这一速度是否体现作曲家的精神和创作意图。正因如此~演奏家对于即使是由作曲家亲自标注的节拍机标记~也往往可以采取相当自由的态度。 学生为了达到节拍标记上的速度要求~常常试图用超过自己能力的极快的速度来演奏~结果导致层出不穷的错音和技术上的失误。因此~不要去迁就那些麻烦的节拍标记~而把你的速度严格地限制在力所能及的范围内。 三、速度所代表的情绪 一首乐曲的总的情绪——生动的、安宁的或者忧郁的——是我们首先需要考虑的问题。事实上~大多数下速度有关的意大利术语~往往更多地含有表情上的意义~而较少指速度。比如“行板”,andante,并不含有“慢”的意思~而是指“向前走”,“快板”,allegro,也不意味着“快”~而是指愉快或欢乐的情绪。生动活泼和明亮辉煌的效果绝不可能仅仅依靠速度来取得~如果那样的话~那么最雄辩的布道者就应当是那些说话最快的人了。正是精确而有控制的节奏、清晰而恰当的重音才能显示健康的律动。它们甚至在慢速乐曲中都会带来充沛的生命力。 课外作业: 1、弹奏拜厄练习曲16 — 21条~要注意左右手的配合~特别 是 左手的节奏型要弹准~要注意有连线的地方的弹奏技巧~要严格按照指法练习~并掌握好速度。 2、哈农练习曲第5条。 教学后记: 第六节 指法练习 教学目标:1、让学生知道指法的重要性 2、掌握指法弹奏的规律 3、个别手指的练习方法 教学重点:1、弹奏中的指法规律 2、个别手指的练习 教学难点:弹奏中的指法规律的掌握 教学方法:讲授法、练习法、讨论法、演示法 学时安排:4学时 授课内容: 一、 弹奏中指法的重要性 指法是最基本的钢琴技术之一。类似写字的笔顺。要想写好了~ 必须懂得下笔的顺序。钢琴的指法意义还要重于笔顺。因为不用正常的笔顺~也可以写出能认的字来~可是有时~不用应当用的指法~简直没法顺利弹出乐曲音符来。 正确的指法~也就是合理的指法。合理~就是合乎手指与键盘关系之理~合乎手指与音符关系之理~合乎各人手指之间的关系之理。合理~才能有逻辑、有规律、有条不紊、不忙乱地弹奏。 正确的指法~要以每个手指的独立为前提~同时又会有利于发展每个手指的独立。 二、指法的基本规律 不同时代、不同作曲家的钢琴曲~常常有不同的指法用法~因此也难概括。我们初学钢琴的学生~如遇到了“指法问题”~可以参考以下几点: 1、尽量减少手部的移位。五个手指对准五个音~是手的原位。假如一个曲调只有五度内的五个音~原则上就不要移位~只用原位 指法。当旋律音超出五度范围时~就要移位。移位的原则是移动一次后能在新的位臵,新的原位,上稳定一段时间~或者说移动一次能“多管用些”~避免不断地移位。这就要瞻前顾后~自己计算~究竟从哪个音开始转移、转移多远最为有利。 2、移位有两种。一种是手指伸张开,首先是大指与其他指间的伸张,完成的移位。另一种是大指从其他指的下面或其他指从大指上面的越过完成的移位。这两种移位~原则上能用“伸张”方式的~就不用“越过”方式的。 3、与上两点相关~不要回避“不听使唤”的手指~但也不是故意多用不听使唤的手指~而是要用该用的手指。 4、上述原则~既适用于连奏~也适用于非连奏和跳音。 5、两个超出八度以外的远距离音的连续~原则上,而非任何情况下,都要用1、5指。这是遵循“缩短路程、节约时间”的原则。试验一下就会发现~任何两个相距两个八度的音~用张开手的1、5指去弹和都用3指弹相比~前者手的移动距离明显小于后者。 将这五条归纳起来就是~尽量保持手位的稳定和手指工作的秩序。不过~乐曲的具体情形实在四变化无穷~良好的音乐边县还涉及其他因素~这五条也只能是参照而已。 三、个别指法练习 1、关于四指五指的的独立练习 四指五指之所以分不开~是因为四指的独立性太差~要解决这个问题~就要加强四指的练习~练习的方法:,1,可以把1~2~3~5指收起~把四指伸指~有意识的压压指~增强四指指根关节的韧性。 注意开始不要做的太很~要悠着劲~逐渐的加大力度~以免使手指受伤。,2,将五指伸直~1~2~3~5指保持原有的状态~四指用力向下。,3,1234指并紧~五指向外作扩张运动~要反复练习。 2、拇指训练 要对大指进行三方面的动作训练:垂直动作、水平动作、圆周动 作。做到这三点~大指就可以胜任它的任务了。 课外作业: 1、弹奏拜厄练习曲22 — 30条~要注意左右手的配合~要把音符的时值弹准确~要注意有连线的地方的弹奏技巧~要严格按照指法练习~并掌握好节拍。 2、哈农练习曲第7条。要注意4指5指的使用。 3、弹奏C大调音阶 教学后记: (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule > real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses. Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Yan Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline, exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility should be depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effective convergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of 10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for acts of mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Application of this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situation made explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give expelled from the party: (a) on supply or forged, destroyed, transfer, conceal evidence; (II) to prevent others expose, providing evidence Material; (III) harboring co personnel; (4) to the organization to provide false information, to hide the fact; (5) the him against the acts of the organization review. "< rule > add this clause to the Constitution requires more specific, the previous no punishment in accordance with the definite list and put forward clear punishment in accordance with. (4) about organizing or participating in superstitious activities as < Regulations > about engage in activities of feudal superstition obstruction of social management order" violations of Article 164 the provisions, but according to the original < rule > only in disrupting production, work, social life order The case to be disciplinary treatment, in other words, alone make the feudal superstition, organize or participate in the activities of feudal superstition of, does not constitute a violation. Which is not consistent with the requirements of our party's political party. > < new regulations in this change is, superstitious activities on the political discipline, increase the Article 58, is the organization of Party members, in superstitious activities included in violation of the negative list of political discipline deserves punishment, which and Party members should adhere to the correct political principle, political standpoint and viewpoint is consistent. 14 the second question about organization and discipline violation behavior of democratic centralism is our The party's fundamental organizational system. < New Regulations > Chapter 7 "in violation of the behavior of organizational discipline punishment" mainly for violation of democratic centralism, contrary to the "four obey the discipline behavior for source classification rules. Increased not in accordance with the relevant provisions or requirements to the organization for instructions to report on major issues; do not report truthfully report about personal matters; falsify personal archives; hide before joining the party serious mistakes; leading cadres in violation of the relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of the old Xiang, Alumni Association, comrades in arms; to obtain illegal country residence abroad or foreign nationality, illegal for private frontier Documents such as discipline terms. (1) on the report truthfully report personal matters in 2010 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China office, office of the State Council introduced < provisions on issues related to the leading cadres to report personal >, is clear about the request, deputy division level and above leading cadres should truthfully report changes in my marriage and spouse, children, moved to the country (territory), practitioners, income, real estate, investment and other matters, for failing to report, do not report, concealed and unreported, according to the seriousness of the case, giving criticism and education, and to make a correction within a time limit, shall be ordered to make a check, the commandment Jiemian conversation, informed criticism or jobs, free Post processing, constitute violations, in accordance with the relevant provisions shall be given a disciplinary sanction. But since the original < Regulations > and there is no corresponding specific terms, the violation of the regulations, do not report, as a false report about personal matters, there is no corresponding disciplinary action terms, in practice it is difficult to operate. In this regard, in order to solve is not reported, as a false report about personal matters 15 asked censure, the new < Regulations > add the Article 67 of violation of personal matters related to reporting requirements, report truthfully report the clear punishment basis, making this kind of violation behavior is no longer free drilling for Exhibition on matters of personal checks to verify and supervision of cadres, discipline review provides a powerful discipline guarantee. (2) about the illegal organization, to fellow, alumni, friends of the war will < regulations stipulated in Article 68 of >, leading cadres of the party in violation of relevant provisions of the organization, will participate in the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrade in arms to give the punishment according to the seriousness of the case. Here special needs note is three points: this provision for only the leading cadres ", reflecting the high requirements of leading cadres; second violation in 2002, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the central Organization Department and the The relevant provisions of the General Political Department jointly issued the < off in leading cadres not to participate in the initiative to set up "the villagers would be" alumni "" comrades in arms organization notice >. That is to say, to the spontaneous formation of fellow, Alumni Association, comrades in arms will constitute the premise of discipline is a violation of the provisions of this. The notification specified, leading cadres are not allowed to participate in the spontaneous incorporation of fellow, alumni, between comrades association would like the organization and shall not bear the sorority Human and the organizer shall not hold the corresponding position in the sorority; shall not borrow machine woven "network" and engage in kiss sparsely, round and round the gangs, but not "align" "Jieyi Gold Orchid" behavior. The third is to emphasize here that shall be organized to participate in the initiative to set up the villager, Alumni Association, comrades in arms. The so-called 16 spontaneous was established mainly means without registration. Therefore, Party members include leading cadres in the normal range of fellow, alumni, comrades in the party is not a violation of the rules of Party discipline. The three problem about integrity violations discipline Lian Jie discipline has been eighteen years clean government and anti The focus of the work of corruption. This Ordinance to amend, honesty and discipline this biggest adjustment, the new content, most of which prescribed by the original < criterion of a clean and honest administration > 8 ban and 52 are not allowed into the basic this part. (1) the central eight provisions of the spirit and requirements into < New > in the regulations of the party's eighteen years, central resolutely implement the provisions of the eight and pay close attention to the node and intensive briefing, on public funds, private bus, public funds tourism, gifts of public funds, the big parade and lavish weddings and festive, illegal payment allowances and subsidies, illegal construction of buildings such as the original masses reflects the relatively strong, "four winds" problem of the Resolute rectification. But original < Regulations > to eat and drink, super standard reception and no clear and specific expression, new < rule > will implement eight Central provisions of the spirit of the problem increased to "clean cheap self-discipline" chapter, clear to exceed the standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eating and drinking etc. some in violation of the provisions of the spirit of the eight central relevant persons responsible for punishment, once the violation will be according to the < rule > severely punished, binding, enhanced significantly. One is to add Article 87, about to obtain illegal, hold, and the actual use of the sports card, golf ball cards and other consumer card. Illegal access to private clubs made the punishment provisions. The second is increase the Article 97, has made provisions of the disposition of illegal self pay or 17 spamming allowances, subsidies and bonuses. The third is added to the Article 99, on violation of super standard, beyond the scope of the reception or borrow machine eat and drink to make the provisions of punishment. The fourth is to increase the Article 101, on the management of conference activities in violation of the provisions made sanctions regulations. The fifth is the increased Article 102, for violation of office space management provisions made the punishment provisions. Six is to split the original < rule > Article 78, formed article 98, Article 100 of public Models of tourism, violate the provisions on the administration of the use of discipline of the bus through the list of made a more detailed provisions, apply more operational. Seven is increased the article 96, in violation of the relevant provisions of the, to participate in public funds to pay for dinner, high consumption of entertainment, fitness activities and public funds to buy gift, send gifts to make the provisions of the disposition. On the violation of the central provisions of the spirit of the eight, in addition to > < new regulations into "violation of honesty and self-discipline" misconduct outside, is different with the original < Regulations >, revised < rule > clearly defined not only to disposition of the directly responsible persons, but also dispose of collar Guide responsibilities. (2) increased trading rights, use of authority or position influence as relatives and close to profit violation of the terms of the < New Regulations > absorption < clean politics several guidelines > the relevant provisions spirit, increase the "negative list, including trading rights, the functions and powers or duties of influence as relatives and staff around profit. Increase Article 81" mutual use of office or authority ring for each other and their spouses, children and their spouses and other relatives, around 18 personnel and other specific relationship between the people to seek benefits engage in trading rights, given a warning or serious warning Sanctions; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, shall be expelled from the party. Increase Article 82 "connivance, acquiescence to the spouse, children and spouse etc. relatives and staff around the effect of Party members and cadres personal authority or position for personal gain, if the circumstances are relatively minor, given a warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, the given Expelled from the party. Party members and cadres of the spouses, children and their spouses does the actual work and get salary or although the actual work but to receive significantly beyond the same rank salary standard, Party members and cadres informed fails to correct, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. "(3) about the gifts, gifts misconduct from handling practices in recent years, engaged in official cadres received gifts, gifts problems more prominent. This has seriously affected the image of Party members and cadres, damaged the relations between the party and the masses, and is a hotbed of corruption, is really necessary for this kind of behavior to be disciplined. < rule > no on accepting gifts, gifts, Card consumption behavior to engage in simple "one size fits all", but the difference between the different separately. One is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting may affect the impartial enforcement of the official gifts, gifts, consumer cards to depending on the seriousness of the case shall be given disciplinary sanctions. That is to say, for may affect the fair execution of business gifts, gifts, consumer cards are not allowed to accept. 19 is in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, accepting was significantly higher than normal ceremony is still exchanges of gifts, gifts, consumer card to disciplinary action. This is new regulations that daily life is purely reciprocity, accepting the same thing, boys , fellow friends gifts, gifts, shopping cards, although and fair execution of business has nothing to do, also want to as the case shall be dealt with, the situation is obviously beyond normal reciprocity ". The so-called" reciprocity ", one is emphasizes the reciprocal in protocol. In other words is you to me how, I to you how, not only does not go. The second is to significantly exceeded the normal local economy level, customs and habits, economic capacity of individual gifts, gift value. Specific sanctions to according to the processing of a variety of factors to consider, as appropriate. The third is the root according to the provisions of Article 84," to Engaged in public service personnel and their spouses and children, children's spouses and other relatives and other specific relationship presented Ming Xianchao normal reciprocity of gifts, gifts, consumer card, if the circumstances are relatively serious, given a warning until probation. "In accordance with the above provisions, gift giving significantly beyond the normal reciprocity, giver constitute the discipline. (4) on illegal trading of stocks or of other regulations of securities investment < > Article 88 is engaged in punishment regulation of camp and activity in violation of the relevant provisions on. Among them, 3 will" buying and selling stocks or in other securities investment "column as one of disciplinary cases Out. First need to be clear, > < regulations did not change the provisions of the Ordinance. The ordinance of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 77 provisions "who, in violation of the provisions of the sale of stocks" is one of the violation, and at the beginning of the first paragraph of this article "violation of 20 against the relevant provisions of the" textual representation of the repeat revision. In, just from the legislative technique removed the "personal" in violation of the provisions, content and not to change the original provisions. Need to clear is, "buy or sell a stock or of other securities investment" refers to violation of the relevant provisions refers to in April 2001, the Party Central Committee, the State Council promulgated the On the work of the party and government organs staff's personal investment in securities if dry provisions >. According to the provisions of Article 3, use of work time, office facilities, the sale of stocks and securities investment fund belongs to illegal behavior. The fourth question, about the violation of the masses of the disciplinary actions < new regulations > would violate public discipline behavior of a single set of a class of restored "three rules of discipline and eight note" in the discipline of the masses of excellent traditional. < New Regulations > Chapter 9 "to violate the masses of disciplinary action", mainly the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary; enrich and perfect the super standard, beyond the scope of Xiang Qun < All to raise fund and labor, in for involving the public affairs deliberately, chinakayao, in social security, policy support, disaster relief funds and materials and other matters assigned any kind and affectionate friends, obviously unfair acts against the interests of the masses of the disciplinary terms; increase the terms not in accordance with the provisions of the public party provided, government, factory and village (neighborhood) provided etc. violation of the people's right to know the behavior of the discipline. The fifth issue, on the violation of work discipline violation of work discipline added "negative list, including Party organizations carry out strictly Main responsibility for poor discipline terms. (1) the new party organization comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party does not fulfill the 21 or perform poor disciplinary terms < New Regulations > has a lead people to pay attention to the new terms, that is, in chapter ten "on the violation of work discipline behavior punishment" increase in the one hundred and fourteenth "party fail to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility of the party or to perform comprehensive strictly the main responsibility for administering the ineffective, resulting in serious damage or serious adverse effects, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership and give a warning or serious warning. The situation is serious, giving removed from their party posts or on probation Punishment. "Here the changes. For the first time, the main responsibility write < rule >. (2) new shall report does not report or false reporting discipline shall increase the 117 bar" in the higher level units to check to inspect the work or report to the parent unit, work report of shall report the matters do not report or do not report, cause serious damage or serious adverse effects of, to the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership, to give warning or a serious warning; if the circumstances are serious, giving removed from their party posts or placed on probation. "For example, during the tour visits to the region, the unit Members the obligation to the inspection teams to reflect the true situation, to conceal not reported or intentionally to the inspection teams to provide false information, causing serious damage or serious adverse effects of, the person directly responsible and the responsibility of leadership should be in accordance with the provisions of < rule > Article 117 to give the appropriate punishment. (3) the new not granted in accordance with the provisions of punishment, not according to the provisions of the implementation of disciplinary measures 22 violation of the provisions of Article 115 "Party organizations have one of the following circumstances, the direct leadership responsibility. Probation: members were sentenced punished, in accordance with the provisions give disciplinary action or in violation of state law Rules of behavior should be given disciplinary punishment and dispose of; disciplinary punishment by decision or complaint review the decision made, not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation decisions on punishment of the party, position, rank, and the treatment of the matters; Party members subject to disciplinary action, not in accordance with the cadre management authority and organizational relationships of by dispose of Party members to carry out education and supervision of daily management. "What needs to be pointed out is," cliff "demoted with cars, housing, secretary problem, implementation is not a discipline and party posts and ranks treatment by the organization department is responsible for the implementation, with cars, housing by the logistics department is responsible for the implementation of, Ji Commission responsible oversight responsibilities. The six questions, about the acts violating the discipline of life "in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment", mainly to "four winds" problems and a serious violation of social morality, family virtue acts of misconduct made provisions on disciplinary, an increase of extravagant life, contrary to the social public order and good customs disciplinary terms. Worth mentioning is, > < Regulations in Article 150 about "adultery" "mistress (Cardiff) formulation in the new < rule > is removed, to expand the scope of Article 127 provisions" and others hair improper sexual relations, let face disciplinary action Wider more strict. Four, and earnestly do a good job in the < code > and < rule > implement system of life lies in execution. < code > and < Regulations > is 23 Party organizations at all levels of a strong constraint and all Party members follow. Learning and implementing the < code > and < rule > is party committees (party), commission for discipline, discipline inspection group), the majority of Party members and cadres of the common responsibility, must party caught together, the party one execution. () Party committees (party) and play and implement comprehensive strictly the main responsibility, pays special attention to the two party regulations learning cross penetration. One is to Adhere to the party constitution is fundamental to follow, and resolutely safeguard the authority of the Party Chapter. The second is to adhere to the problem oriented, to strictly political discipline and political rule moments in the first place. The third is to adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front must not allow the bottom line to break the discipline. The fourth is to seriously organize the study of propaganda and education, in the city party members to create a disciplined, about the rules of the strong atmosphere. (II) Commission for Discipline Inspection at all levels (Discipline Inspection Group) to an important basis for the revised two party regulations as, adhere to easily blame, strengthen supervision and enforcement And early method in combining Ji, increase accountability efforts. One is to two regulations within the party important basis, adhere to the party constitution duties, with strict discipline to maintain the constitution authority. The second is to adhere to high standards and keep the bottom line, adhere to Ji Yan in law and discipline, the discipline and rules quite in front, grasping grasping small, easily blame, comprehensive use of supervision and discipline of "four kinds of form" in the discipline embodies the strict requirements and care for the discipline, tighten up, Yan. According to discipline in accordance with regulations to carry out disciplinary review. Increase the violations punishment, clues can initiate an investigation on the trial of cases According to the discipline on the provisions of the proportion of processing and control manager maintains discipline. To focus on investigating non convergence, don't accept hand serious disciplinary violations at the same time, pay more attention to the general review of discipline 24 behavior, and gradually increase the lighter punishment. Four is to illuminate two party regulations, combined with the local district of the Department of party conduct Lianzheng to relevant laws and regulations system clean, timely research proposes to establish, change, waste release opinion, avoid conflict, and the fasten system of cage, and gradually formed not rot, not rot, not want to rot system and working mechanism. (3) the leadership of the party members and cadres should play an exemplary role. The rate of higher consciousness of the front of the Ordinance to lead practice self-discipline norms, leading to maintain discipline of seriousness and authority. One is the above rate, demonstration and guidance, take the lead in learning and mastering the < code > and < > the requirements and regulations, do the deep understanding, learning to use. The second is to play an exemplary role in abiding by discipline rate, take the lead in practicing self-discipline norms, firmly establish before the discipline are equal, the system has no privilege, discipline is no exception, and consciously do standards, require more strict measures more practical. Third is to consciously accept supervision, conscientiously participate in the democratic life and debriefing honesty responsibility, such as Real to the party organization to report personal matters, and to accept the supervision of the work and life of the normal, habits under the supervision of the exercise of power, to carry out the work. The fourth is to set an example for the strict enforcement of discipline. Leading cadres should take the lead in the maintenance of discipline of seriousness and authority, to dare to seriously, dare to struggle, dare to offend people, for misconduct not laissez faire, but do not indulge, not tolerate to ensure the party constitution of party compasses party put in place. (4) the majority of Party members and cadres to set high standards and hold the bottom line, consciously abide by the < code > and < rule >. One is to control the < standard > and < 25 cases >, tight Close connection with their own thoughts, practical work and life, efforts to solve the problems, to enhance the study and implement of the effectiveness and pertinence. The second is to establish a high standard and hold the bottom line, consciously in the self-discipline pursuit of high standards, strictly in the party away from the red line discipline, discipline, about the rules and know fear, distrust, the formation of the honor system, comply with the system, safeguard system of good habits. Regulations and discipline regulations of < < New Revision of the Communist Party of China clean fingered self-discipline criterion > and < Chinese Communist Party Disciplinary Regulations > is the Party Central Committee in the new situation to promote the comprehensive strictly root of the lift, the regulations of the party construction of keeping pace with the times. We should study and implement the Standards > and < > as the primary political task, adhere to the party constitution duties, adhere to the discipline of, Ji Yan in law, the full implementation of supervision and discipline accountability responsibilities for coordination and promotion "four overall" strategic layout in XX District vivid practice to provide a strong guarantee. - Si Jian Wu, and effectively enhance the implementation of the implementation of the < code > < > The consciousness of General Secretary Xi pointed out that the party is in charge of the party, to manage the party; strictly, it can cure good party. Criterion > and < rule > keep pace with the times is our party to form a new potential strictly rules, to deepen understanding of the ruling law, is a comprehensive strictly, and strengthen the supervision within the party important grasper. Criterion > closely linked to the theme of self-discipline, self-discipline intensity-modulated, focusing on morality, for the majority of Party members and cadres set to see, feel the high standard, show the Communists noble moral sentiment; District Ordinance < < rule > the constitution of discipline integration into a political discipline, organization and discipline, honesty and discipline, discipline of the masses, work discipline, discipline, emphasize discipline, focusing on established rules, to draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line. Party committees (party) to effectively strengthen the study and publicize the implementation of the < code > and < rule > the organization and leadership of criterion > and < > a full range, multi angle, deep publicity, the formation of study and publicize and implement the boom, in order to consolidate the development of good political environment to create a positive environment and atmosphere. The majority of Party members and cadres to strict requirements, the < rule > and < Ordinance cases > as a guide to action and behavior criterion, adhere to the moral standards and discipline of the bottom line, to maintain the discipline of worship and awe, learning, compliance, and maintain party discipline and rules of the model. The discipline inspection and supervision organs and cadres to the < code > and < > as the deepening of the "three", and strengthen supervision and discipline of accountability is important to follow correctly grasp the use of supervision and discipline of "four types", promote the comprehensive strictly in new roots. Strict discipline, adhere to the discipline and rules quite in front of the enterprise in the implementation of expensive to implement to execute. The discipline inspection and supervision organs to implement the < code > and < Efforts to investigate cases > as an opportunity, adhere to the party should manage the party strictly, serious performance of their duties to promote two regulations implementation. Change discipline concept. From the simple "investigation of illegal" to a comprehensive "stare at violate discipline"; from the business case to prosecute the big cases and timely solve the signs of tilt to. From the orientation to the normal supervision; from the tube "minority" to resist the "most". Guide Party members and cadres to seriously implement the < code > and < rule >, consciously abide by the political, organizational, honest people, work, life six discipline. Urge the leadership cadres sent to play an exemplary role, take the lead in strictly enforced. Relaxation and rest Strong wind is Su Ji, closely linked to the "four winds" prone to multiple, the masses reflect the strong important nodes and, glued to the four winds "new form, new trends, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the central eight provisions of the spirit, to increase the bulletin exposure intensity, the formation of Chajiu" four winds "loudly, continue to release and discipline must be strict signal. At the same time, extended supervision tentacles, through the development of the rural and fishery party conduct Lianzheng construction inspection, issued in a timely manner, Chajiu occurred in grassroots side of corruption and unhealthy, and earnestly safeguard the interests of the masses and social stability. The creativity and discipline. Grasp and make good use of the supervision and discipline of" four types ", to ensure the Promoting clues to lots of discipline and the law of the vacuum tube, strict together. Not only to the "less" and "very few" thorough investigation severely punished, but also the "most" to maintain zero tolerance trend through layers of conductive pressure, let the discipline about the rules for each party members and cadres consciously follow. At present, it is necessary to implement the "list" management, strictly follow the clues to the disposal of five standards, make the classification of disposal, dynamic cleanup. Zadok Party committees at all levels to implement the main responsibility, comprehensive use of disciplinary action and tissue processing and other means to effectively curb the commonplace, used to see do not blame the "small problem", not because of "practice" and "exception". Prominent Discipline characteristics, the problems of violation of discipline and rules into the focus of supervision and discipline and disciplinary review. At the same time, increase case double check the intensity, the serious problems of discipline violations or "four winds" ban but not absolutely, not only to be held directly responsible, but also held leadership responsibility; not only to pursue studies the main responsibility of the Party committee, and to pursue Commission for Discipline Inspection and supervision responsibilities and promote accountability to become the new norm. The implementation of supervisory responsibility. Maintain < code > and < rule > the seriousness and authority of the discipline and rules and truly become the party's ruler. Discipline as supervision within the party the specialized agency, we must strengthen the responsibility to act, adhere to the Impartial discipline accountability, earnestly will be strict discipline, discipline must be punished, and severely punish the acts in violation of rules and regulations.
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