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马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare)

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马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare)马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare) 马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare) ??? Chinese of Finance and Trade Economics of the Academy of Social Sciences Instit...

马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare)
马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare) 马光远宏观管理税负太高挤压民众福利(Ma Guangyuan macro tax burden is too high to squeeze public welfare) ??? Chinese of Finance and Trade Economics of the Academy of Social Sciences Institute recently released the "report" shows that fiscal policy Chinese 2009/2010, 2009 is calculated according to the full caliber financial income China government accounted for the proportion of GDP has reached 32.2%, not only much higher than many developing countries and developed countries such as Europe and the United States is not too low. Obviously, this figure, and in August 23rd this year, the Ministry of finance experts calculated the number of 25.4% there is a big gap, and the claim that "China's macro tax burden is low, not only the actual" far below the average level of industrialized countries and developing countries is also lower than the average water flat conclusion obvious fight. ??? the reason is because digital fight, calculate different caliber, how to calculate the macro tax burden in China, is also the government of a country's wealth possession, with small, middle and large small caliber algorithms, only calculate the tax revenue of the government in the government budget income calculation caliber, and large caliber is calculation of all government revenue, including budget and revenue system. In terms of scientificity and authenticity, since the extra budgetary income and the income outside the system belong to the real income of the government, calculating the macro tax burden with a large caliber can really reflect the government's possession of wealth. Obviously, if only the tax revenue calculation, in 2009 only 6 trillion and 300 billion, but if the government's total income calculation, it is more than 10 trillion, the gap is huge, the conclusion is naturally different. ??? in the national wealth cake in government, what percentage of the right, the World Bank report in 1987 showed that in low income countries the optimal macro tax burden level is about 13%; the lower middle income countries is about 20%; the upper middle income countries is about 23%; the high-income countries is about 30%. At present, the level of income standard according to the state has changed, but the optimal macro tax burden has little change. According to this standard, the international comparison of the macro tax burden rate, China has not become a high-income country, but the macro tax burden has reached the level of high-income countries, this is an indisputable fact. In addition to misleading the policy, it is meaningless to artificially reduce the calculation caliber and deny the fact that China's macro tax burden is too high. ??? further, if the quantity and quality of public goods inspection services enjoyed by taxpayers provided by the government, it will be able to understand, why do we and some European countries the same tax, but the tax misery index is far different. We see that the vast majority of government spending in developed countries, including the United States, is used for the social security of residents, while the proportion of administrative expenditure in China's government expenditure is much higher than that of developed countries. Even in 2006, the Chinese government administrative expenditure in total expenditure of up to 18.73%, while Japan's administrative expenditure proportion is 2.38%, 4.19% in the UK, South Korea was 5.06%, 6.5% in France, 7.1% in Canada, and the highest in the United States, only 9.9%. that is to say, financial expenditure in developed countries, mainly for social welfare, and a large amount of money for China administrative costs, a serious shortage in the supply of education, social security, medical and other livelihood areas of financial funds. This makes China's government income ratio and the United States and other developed countries equivalent, the residents feel for the government revenue is far different from the main reasons for developed countries. Therefore, standing in the national wealth distribution perspective, the crux of the problem of income distribution between China's "state" and "the people", in addition to government revenue growth, national income distribution of the big cake cutting government too much, more importantly, most of the government money is not directly to the people's livelihood and welfare spending on infrastructure and administrative costs too much, squeeze the well-being of residents. ??? Wen once said: "sincere words and earnest wishes of a country's financial history is thrilling. If you read it, you will see not only the economic development, but also the social structure and equity and justice." Adam Smith, the originator of economics, once pointed out sharply: "a democratic government spends more money than an autocratic government.". This can explain why the macro tax burden in developed countries is higher than that in developing countries. The government has much wealth is very important, but more important, the money should be real "from the people, for the people", otherwise, the government takes more, people's happiness will be worse. According to this situation of fiscal revenue, the first half of the national fiscal revenue has reached 4 trillion and 300 billion, according to this year's 8 trillion speed, no suspense, this means that China will become the world's second largest after the United States fiscal power, in this case, the government should not only control their own income growth rate, I am afraid to optimize the fiscal expenditure structure the more money for pension, medical care, housing and other livelihood, instead of increasing the cost of office. Time management (Time Management) Catalog 1 what is time management? 2 time management method 3 the latest concept of time management --GTD Eleven golden laws of 4 time management [1] Case analysis of 5 time management 5.1 case one: talking about the time management of university administrators [2] 5.2 case two: the little story of time management [3] 5.3 case three: time management -- HUAWEI's treasure of success [4] 6 several online time management tools 7 references What is time management? Time management is the effective use of time to reduce variability. The purpose of time management: decide what to do; decide what should not be done. The most important function of time management is to act as a reminder and guide through prior planning. First, unable to manage external requirements? Too busy to attend to all The biggest problem for executives is that there is too much interference from the outside world, and they have to put aside their work to do something else at any moment. One of the responsibilities of being in charge is to assemble the efforts of many people and complete a job together. In other words, a lot of the work of the supervisor needs to interact with others, and outside interference is part of the job. You can do some work for the scheduled time off you, when someone find temporary you need to discuss something, tell him you busy at the moment, don't worry you, in your time will go into space. Time management develops very quickly. The first generation is the establishment of a memorandum; the second generation requires prior planning and preparation; the third generation will prioritize according to your understanding of the task. To the fourth generation, is the division of labor authorization management. Two, there is no way to do things? experience We often do things the way we know or intuitively think, but in fact, it's not the most efficient way. There are many ways to do one thing, the key is whether you can find the fastest way. Don't do it without thinking about it. Take a few minutes to measure. What is the best way to do things more efficiently? Three, the surrounding interference factors? automatic control Around many interference factors, is the time killer, noise, snacks, magazines, newspapers, cosmetics, temperature, security, a sense of direction, pressure, atmosphere, sex, smoking, Lenovo, health status, are many factors. Edit time management method (1) plan management On the plan, there are daily plan, weekly plan, monthly plan, quarterly plan and annual plan. The focus of time management is to-do list, day plan, week plan, monthly plan. To-do list: list a list of tasks you do every day, prioritize, confirm the completion time, and highlight the priorities. To avoid forgetting, we must avoid halfway, as far as possible, do today's things today, together, together. What the to-do list includes: non routine work, special events, work in action plan, unfinished things yesterday, etc.. Use the single to-do note: every day at a fixed time to develop single (a work done), just make a to-do list, to complete a work crossed one, only to do for an emergency time, the most important one, every day. At the end of each year, the next year's work plan is made; the work plan of the end of next quarter is made at the end of each quarter; the work plan for next month is made at the end of each month; and the work plan for next week is made at the weekend (two) the "four quadrant" method of time Famous management scholar Covey proposed a theory of time management, the work carried out in accordance with the division of important and urgent two different levels, basically can be divided into four quadrants: both urgent and important (such as personnel crisis, customer complaints, expiring task, financial crisis), but important no emergency (such as the establishment of interpersonal relationship, new opportunities, staff training, formulate prevention measures and so on), urgent but not important (such as telephone, administrative inspection, administrative department, casual visitor meeting), are not important and not urgent (such as polite gossip, boring letters, personal hobbies etc.). An important concept of time management theory is that the main energy and time should be focused on dealing with important but not urgent work, so as to take precautions and nip in the bud. In people's daily work, a lot of times often have the opportunity to plan and accomplish one thing well. But often do not do it in time, with the passage of time, resulting in the decline in the quality of work. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the important but not urgent "quadrant" transaction. To focus on important but not urgent transactions, you need to schedule your time well. A good way is to set up an appointment. Set up appointments, their time will not be occupied by others, so as to effectively carry out the work. The important thing of time management How to distinguish between important and unimportant things? 1, the things that affect the interests of the community are important things; 2, the focus of attention is important things; 3, things that affect performance appraisal are important things. 4. Important things are important for organizations and individuals. (including two aspects of the amount and nature) The time management method is often expressed in the following diagram: 1. Of course, important and urgent things are done immediately 2, and not important, not urgent things do not do 3, usually do important but not urgent things (because this is the second quadrant, often referred to as the second quadrant work method) 4. Choose what is urgent but not important. (three) effective time management The American management scholar Peter Drucker (P F Drucker) that effective time management is mainly to record their time to recognize the time spent in what place; to manage their own time, to reduce non productive work time; on their own time, from sporadic and concentrated, has become a continuous period of time. (four) time ABC classification Their work according to the order of priority is divided into: a (urgent and important), B (secondary), C (general) three; arrangements for the work priorities, a rough estimate of each work time and percentage; in the work record of actual time; daily schedule time arrangement and consumption time comparison, analysis of time use efficiency; re adjust your schedule, work more effectively. (five) considering uncertainty In the process of time management, also need to deal with unexpected uncertainty events, because the plan does not change fast, need to leave time for accidents. There are three ways to prevent this kind of event: the first is to leave unnecessary spare time for each plan. The second is to make it in the troubled and leave no room, the case is expected to complete the work. It's not impossible. In fact, people who work fast are usually more accurate than slow people. The third is to prepare a contingency plan. Force yourself to finish the work within the stipulated time, have confidence in your own ability, you have carefully analyzed will be done, and then put them into several artistic units, this is the right quickly through the steps necessary to them. Take into account the uncertainty, when not busy, the general necessary to do the work as soon as possible to solve. If you want to do your job well, you must be good at using your working hours. Work is infinite, time is limited. Time is the most precious wealth. No time, plan better, higher goals, stronger ability, is empty. Time is so precious, but it is the most scalable, it can be fleeting, can also play the most effective, time is potential capital. Make full use of every available time and compress the time flow to maximize the value of time. The latest concept of time management --GTD GTD is the abbreviation of Getting Things Done (to complete everything). A best-selling book "Getting Things Done" from David Allen, the domestic Chinese translation book, despite doing: the art of non pressure work. The basic method of GTD: the specific practice of GTD can be divided into five steps: collection, collation, organization, review and action: Collection: you can think of is all the matters (GTD called stuff) were listed in the inbox, the inbox can be used to place all the actual folder or basket, also need to record various items of paper or PDA. The key to collecting is to get everything out of your brain and record all the work. Finishing: after putting stuff into inbox, you need to tidy it regularly or irregularly, empty inbox. These stuff according to whether it can be put into action to distinguish for finishing, can not be put into action the content can be further divided into reference, may be required after treatment and waste categories, while the contents of the action and then consider whether can be completed within two minutes, if you can immediately act to complete it, if not for the organization on the next step. Organization: personal sensory organization is the core step in GTD. The organization is mainly divided into the organization of the reference material and the organization of the next action. The organization of reference material is mainly a document management system, and the organization of the next action can be generally divided into: the next action list, waiting list and future / day list. The waiting list is mainly to record the work that delegated others to do, and the future / day list is the future plan, electronic and so on which records the delayed processing and has no specific completion date. The next list is the next step in detail, and if a project involves multi-step work, it needs to be refined into specific work. Different GTD on the next list of the maximum and the general to-do list is that it makes a further refinement, such as in accordance with the location (computer, telephone, office, home and supermarket) were recorded before it can be executed only in these local actions, and when you go to these places also can do the work should know at a glance. Review: a review is an important step in GTD, generally require weekly review and examination, through the review and check all your list and update, to ensure the operation of the GTD system, but also in the review at the same time may also need to plan work next week. Execution: now you can start to act in accordance with each list, in specific action may according to the needs of the environment, how much time, energy and the importance to choose the list and list to action. The eleven golden laws of time management [1] Golden rule: be consistent with your values You must establish personal values. If values are not clear, it is difficult to know what is most important to you. When your values are not clear, the time distribution is not good. The focus of time management is not on management time, but on how to allocate time. You never have time to do everything, but you always have time to do what is most important to you. Golden rule two: set a clear goal Success is goals, time management is designed to give you the more you want to achieve the goal in the shortest time; you must write this year 4 to 10 goals, find a core goal, and prioritize your goals, then in accordance with the detailed plan, the key is to you plan. Golden rule three: change your mind Study on the father of American psychology William James on time behavior found that two kinds of attitude toward time: "this work must finish it really hate, so I can drag and try to drag" and "this is not a pleasant job, but it must be done, so I'll begin, let oneself early can get rid of it". When you have motivation, it's important to take the first step quickly. Don't try to reverse your entire habit immediately, but just force yourself to do something that you're procrastinating on now. Then, starting tomorrow morning, choose the last thing you want to do from your list every day. Golden rule four: follow the 20 to 80 law There are bound to be sudden and unexpected problems in your life, and if you find yourself dealing with these things every day, it means that your time management is not ideal. Successful people spend most of their time doing the most important things, not the most urgent things, but most people do emergency but not important things. Golden rule five: arrange the time of "not disturbed" Every day at least half an hour to an hour of "non interference" time. If you can have an hour without any interference, locked himself in his room or thinking about work, this one hour is worth your day's work efficiency, efficiency and even sometimes this one hour than you 3 days of work better. Golden rule six: strict deadlines Parkinson (c-NoarthcoteParkinson) wrote in his Parkinsons Parkinson Law: "how much time do you have to finish your work, and it automatically takes so much time?"." If you have a whole day to do a job, you will spend a day doing it. And if you have only one hour to do the job, you can do it more quickly and efficiently within an hour. Golden rule seven: do a good time log How much time do you spend in doing things, it recorded the details, go out in the morning (including washing, dressing, breakfast, etc.) how much time a ride, how much time, how much time to go out to visit customers...... Record the time you spend every day, and you will clearly find out what time is wasted. That's the reason for bookkeeping. When you find the root of wasting time, you can change it. Golden rule eight: understanding time is greater than money With your money in exchange for the successful experience of others, you must seize every opportunity to learn from the top people. Carefully select the objects you meet, because it saves you a lot of time. Suppose he was with a successful man, and it took him 40 years to succeed. You associate with 10 people like this, and you haven't concentrated on 400 years of experience Golden rule nine: learning lists Write down everything you want to do. First of all, it allows you to make sure that you have the task on hand. Don't believe that you can remember everything with your head, and when you see your long list, you also have a sense of urgency. Golden rule ten: the best thing to do at the same time is the same kind of thing If you're doing paper assignments, you do paper assignments all the time; if you're thinking, think about it for a while, and if you call, you'd better accumulate the phone at a certain time and finish it at once. When you do one thing repeatedly, you will practice perfect, and the efficiency will be improved. Golden rule Eleven: the most efficient thing to do every 1 minutes per second You have to think about doing a good job, which of the following things are most efficient for you, list them, and allocate time to do it well. (always direct fire performance target (Si Jinsheng)
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