ups行业标准实施与我国ups的技术现状（Implementation of UPS industry standards and technology status of ups in China）

ups行业标准实施与我国ups的技术现状（Implementation of UPS industry standards and technology status of ups in China） ups行业标准实施与我国ups的技术现状(Implementation of UPS industry standards and technology status of ups in China) YD/T1095-2000 "uninterrupted power supply -UPS", the industry standard since 2001 approved the implementation of, so far has been 6 years. At the end of 1996 the former Ministry of Posts and telecommunications for the implementation of the communication power supply into the network management, UPS has no product standard of communication industry, UPS network quality inspection mainly refers to the national standard GB/T14715-93 "information technology equipment with uninterruptible power supply general technical conditions", this standard is the general technical conditions of UPS products (hereinafter referred to as the "general technical conditions"), since then our country UPS technology development and manufacturing industry is in the initial stage, both the technical level or capacity compared with the foreign products there is a huge gap. And small capacity on the market almost all UPS for PC power supply, so in the "general technical conditions" of input power factor, input harmonic current, output voltage accuracy and the peak value of the output current coefficient and other technical indicators make corresponding regulations. The formulation of YD/T1095-2000 is mainly based on the load characteristics of communication industry and presents different requirements. The determination of the input technical parameters of UPS is mainly based on the characteristics of active compensation and passive compensation, without taking into account the input parameters of the three-phase six pulse basic circuit. In order to facilitate the centralized monitoring and control of the communication office and station power supply system, it is proposed that UPS should have telemetry and remote signal functions, and make corresponding provisions for telemetry and remote message contents. At the same time, also noted for non important occasions such as LAN and office automation server, each unit within the power supply of small capacity (below 10kVA) the general requirements of UPS, in the standard of the technical indicators related to this are divided into three classes (I, II, III), class I index can meet the high-end the user runs on important occasions under the requirements. The class III indexes can meet the general requirements of operation in non important situations. The second class indexes are between class I and class III, which can be chosen by users in terms of load characteristics and environment. In March 2004, the communications power supply from the network management into a formal product quality certification industry management, this standard as UPS product inspection standards and product quality certification on-site inspection part of the basis. In the early stage of product quality certification, the certification of UPS were double transform (online), this form of high power UPS (100kVA) are basically foreign brands, which enter the main circuit of UPS using the advanced IGBT (PWM) rectifier technology, input power factor can reach more than 0.99. The input current harmonic content is less than 5%. A three-phase 12 pulse rectifier is used to configure a passive 11 harmonic filter, and the full load input power factor of the UPS can reach more than 0.95, and the harmonic content of the input current is less than 10%. Even if the three-phase 6 pulse rectifier is equipped with a passive 5 harmonic filter UPS, the above two indexes are also superior to the standard II technical requirements. The above several forms of input circuit UPS the conversion efficiency can be more than 90%, the inverter to bypass the conversion time generally can be uninterrupted conversion or 1ms (MS) about the conversion time, meet the requirements of standard class I and class II technology. For domestic small power (especially 20kVA or less) UPS, the conversion technology and the main circuit structure are different, and now generally can be divided into double conversion (online), interactive and backup type of three. The transformation technology can be divided into high frequency or power frequency conversion. According to the different circuit structure transformation technology is also different, the high frequency of double conversion (online) type (hereinafter referred to as the high-frequency line) UPS frequency transformer, a high-frequency DC/DC conversion circuit is arranged between the rectifier and inverter, its main function is to carry out power factor compensation to the AC input terminal (PFC), such as the use of continuous the current control scheme can be input about the power factor increased to 0.98, the input current harmonic content can be controlled within 10%, the conversion efficiency is generally greater than 88%, or even higher, although the overload ability is poor, but also can satisfy the requirements of the standard of class III technology. Other main technical indexes and standards are in good conformity. Compared with the high frequency machine, the power frequency conversion, especially the single-phase input UPS (hereinafter referred to as the power frequency machine), is not performing well in the above main technical requirements. Because the power frequency machine has no input power factor compensation function, the input power factor PF can only reach about 0.7, according to the relation between the power factor PF and the harmonic current content (THD): THD (I) = V (1/PF) 2-1 can calculate the input current harmonic content of THD (I) will reach 100%, so the actual measurement results, that is to say in the end of the input harmonic current effective value and the fundamental current effective value of the same. Such a large harmonic current will be in parallel with the grid on the grid and other electrical equipment caused by different degrees of conduction *, on the other hand also plays a part of the AC input power supply capacity, resulting in useless active power harmonic current flows through the wire and fuse, and convert all heat wire and fuse the temperature rise increases. On the other hand, the output capacity is 10 ~ 20kVA, and the conversion efficiency of the power frequency machine can only be about 85%, Even lower, so the above technical indicators are difficult to meet the requirements of the standard. The overload capacity of the power frequency machine is strong. It can meet the technical requirements of the standard in general. The conversion time from inverter to bypass has no obvious difference compared with the high frequency machine. Since the UPS is equipped with an industrial frequency transformer, the overall weight or manufacturing cost is higher than that of the high-frequency machine. With a load efficiency of 10kVA frequency machine 85% with 70% as an example, compared with the same capacity as the efficiency of high-frequency machine 90% running under the same conditions in a year of electricity consumption, power consumption of more than high frequency machine machine nearly 4000 kwh of electricity. As a result of these reasons, coupled with the 2005 to 2007 raw material prices rose, which is also leading to the frequency machine in the domestic market share of the gradual decline in one of the reasons. Some years of production power machine enterprises facing the supervision and management of the market demand and industry, aspects of introducing or developing high frequency conversion technology, and on the other hand, the existing power machine input power factor and input current harmonic compensation measures taken outside. But the power frequency machine after adopting compensation measure is difficult to meet the market requirement. In the face of the small power frequency UPS problems, to the market on the one hand (users) take positive measures to guide, in charge of the operation Department of power and communications industry to the user and UPS production enterprises and actively carry out energy-saving environmental protection publicity. On the other hand, technical quality supervision institutions and product quality inspection institutions should increase supervision of such products, and only in this way can we speed up these high energy consumption and serious pollution of the grid UPS from the domestic market. Interactive UPS can provide more stable and reliable power supply for general loads (mainly office automation computers, etc.). The output capacity of the UPS generally below 5kVA, the circuit structure is relatively simple, the main conversion circuit only a bidirectional converter converter, when the voltage in the range of allowable load changes when using the UPS internal regulator with multiple tap power to load directly, and its internal in converter AC/DC rectifier for battery charging; range when the mains voltage exceeds the load requirements, the internal voltage regulator by switching multi tap UPS stable output voltage in the load range. If the power cut or the voltage and frequency of more than UPS of the allowable range, the UPS work will be transferred to the inverter, the inverter with DC/AC converter will transform the DC voltage of battery to 220V AC sine wave or quasi square wave voltage to load power supply. Some interactive UPS no matter in what kind of state, the control circuit of the converter is detected and the frequency and phase tracking with AC voltage, in order to meet the two kinds of work mode conversion at the same frequency and phase state requirements. Interactive UPS has the advantages of simple circuit structure, high reliability, high overload capacity during normal operation, high efficiency and energy saving, etc.. There are also some shortcomings, because of its high frequency input only passive filter circuit without power factor compensation function, so the nonlinear load harmonic current produced almost exclusively offered by the AC network, and so on AC power network will produce harmonic transmission from various * *, on the other hand, AC power will work directly affect the load. When the city power supply, the stability of its output voltage depends on the volatility of the city power, the number of taps of its internal voltage regulator circuit and the voltage change between the two taps. When the number of taps is less and the number of turns between the two taps is more, the output voltage of the regulator circuit is too high or too low when adjusting the output voltage. As long as the number of taps is properly increased, the output voltage can be stabilized in a smaller range. Although the voltage regulation performance is less than the double conversion UPS, it can also meet the requirements of the general load. Due to the characteristics of the circuit structure, the UPS has no bypass conversion function. Before the DC/AC inverter enters the power supply state, the input main circuit must be separated from the commercial power grid, so that the inverter can supply the reverse direction to the mains power grid. So the switching time between the UPS and the battery will not be faster than the conversion time of the dual conversion UPS. But generally can be less than 10ms, faster can do 7ms or so, this will not affect the normal operation of the general computer. Although there is no interactive UPS isolation function and input power factor compensation double conversion UPS, but because of the capacity of AC power grid harmonic * is small, only the regulator of iron loss and copper loss during normal operation, so the conversion efficiency is very high (up to 98%). This kind of UPS is more suitable for the AC power grid with better power supply quality. Its main function is to prevent the AC network from losing power in a short time or losing the UN stored data due to the sudden power failure of the pre class AC power distribution. At present, due to the needs of the communication power industry management, interactive and backup UPS are also included in the products covered by the quality certification of power products, However, there is no industry standard which can be adapted to it as the basis for quality inspection and on-site inspection of interactive and backup UPS products. "Although some technical general technical conditions" in the project can accord with interactive UPS, but because of the domestic UPS technology at the time, these test methods for the technical requirements of the level and the corresponding also can not adapt to the current of interactive UPS technology index of quality inspection. The same is true for backup UPS, that is to say, the test method in the general technical condition does not have the operability of interactive UPS test. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of the operational reliability requirements of the dual conversion on-line UPS, the UPS manufacturers at home and abroad have introduced the single cabinet redundancy UPS. This form of the UPS system is composed of a plurality of small power (3 ~ 5kVA) of the UPS module in the system frame are connected in parallel, each module circuit structure with double conversion on-line UPS monitoring unit and the basic function, the system can be implemented unified management of all the modules of UPS. The reliability and availability of this type of UPS system has been greatly improved compared with the above-mentioned single cabinet without redundancy UPS. Because of this UPS system is composed of a plurality of small power module UPS system, so the conversion efficiency may be lower than the efficiency of the same capacity of the single UPS, and the input power factor and harmonic current compensation is implemented in each module on the UPS, may make the hardware cost increase. Because the monitoring unit cabinet of redundant UPS to control several module UPS, the output voltage is equal, the grid frequency and phase tracking, and make the fault module exit system consistency and bypass conversion speed, make the circuit structure and control system is more complicated. Special considerations must be taken in electromagnetic compatibility. As a result of many reasons, at present, most of our UPS manufacturers in the medium and large capacity (80kVA or more) UPS independent design, manufacturing capacity, compared with the United States and Europe, is still in a relatively backward level. This is the main and the foundation industry of our country (mechanical and electronic industry) on average now, although there are a few domestic UPS manufacturing enterprises can produce 50 to three phase 80kVA or larger capacity of UPS, but the level of manufacturing process components and complete has not reached the standard level of mass production. The main circuit of the input level generally stay in the three-phase 6 pulse form, or in each phase of AC input inductance in series with the core circuit in order to reduce the input current harmonic content in output, although the rated load input current harmonic content can reach about 20%, the input power factor is generally not more than 0.9, the conversion efficiency is very difficult reached 90%. If you want to further improve the technical indicators can be equipped with 12 pulse rectifier, 12 pulse rectifier configuration UPS but below 80kVA will increase the price of the large, relatively poor performance price and lose price competitiveness. And the domestic market for domestic large capacity UPS price level of recognition is low, so it is difficult to find a suitable market entry point for domestic high-capacity UPS. Control of most UPS manufacturers of large capacity UPS complex and protection circuit for technical mastery and design level, the current can be independent and flexible design has not yet reached the degree of ownership, may also exist some special chip control circuit in this area. Some manufacturers in UPS is imported from abroad in the domestic parts assembled domestic brands to participate in market competition, there are some UPS manufacturers only purchase the main components, complete structure design and assembly debugging become its own brand products in china. In recent years due to the rapid development of communication and information network in China, provides a huge market for large capacity UPS, a standard design and manufacturing level of large capacity UPS can be used as a measure of existing technical condition of the power electronics industry. The development of large capacity UPS key technology in our country should give full play to staff of domestic research and development ability of the UPS production enterprises, with power electronics research and test the ability of the university laboratory and professional technology, power supply society and industry associations to play the roles of technical guidance and social coordination role. At the same time, we must constantly improve the average level of China's basic industries. For the 6 year implementation of the "YD/1095-2000 -UPS" communication uninterruptible power supply industry standard face types currently used for domestic users of UPS, the standard product coverage has not satisfied the quality supervision and management of the communications industry requirements and user judgment on the performance of the product quality on the basis of. Therefore, in the revision of YD/1095-2000, we should consider not only the coverage of most of the UPS products in the communications industry, but also the proper classification of the technical requirements in the standard. With regard to the classification of input power factor and harmonic current components, it is suggested that the input parameters of the high frequency machine, the 12 pulse rectifier, and the IGBT (PWM) rectification or other input modes shall be taken into consideration. In order to avoid the current standard of "power factor" and UPS manufacturers and users are accustomed to say confusion, and the UPS in the drive rectifier nonlinear load, the output power factor and output current peak coefficient is related to each other, at the same time the performance of the UPS rectifier load on the nonlinear driving ability, so only one output current peak coefficient you can. For other technical requirements and testing methods to adjust and modify, will be widely solicited technical experts at home and abroad, manufacturers and industry users valuable advice. To sum up, the industry standard of the product should follow the technological development of the product and the demand of the market, and the product standard should be the necessary guarantee to make the product function compatible, guarantee the quality and promote the technological progress. Article source: